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Song D, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Liang Y, Chen R, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao Q, Du S, Yan Q, Han X, Cao S, Huang X. HSP90AB1 Is a Host Factor Required for Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15971. [PMID: 37958953 PMCID: PMC10649137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is an important swine enteric coronavirus causing viral diarrhea in pigs of all ages. Currently, the development of antiviral agents targeting host proteins to combat viral infection has received great attention. The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a critical host factor and has important regulatory effects on the infection of various viruses. However, its roles in porcine coronavirus infection remain unclear. In this study, the effect of HSP90 on TGEV infection was evaluated. In addition, the influence of its inhibitor VER-82576 on proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, CXCL10, and CXCL11) production induced by TGEV infection was further analyzed. The results showed that the knockdown of HSP90AB1 and HSP90 inhibitor VER-82576 treatment resulted in a reduction in TGEV M gene mRNA levels, the N protein level, and virus titers in a dose-dependent manner, while the knockdown of HSP90AA1 and KW-2478 treatment had no significant effect on TGEV infection. A time-of-addition assay indicated that the inhibitory effect of VER-82576 on TGEV infection mainly occurred at the early stage of viral replication. Moreover, the TGEV-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, CXCL10, and CXCL11) expression was significantly inhibited by VER-82576. In summary, these findings indicated that HSP90AB1 is a host factor enhancing TGEV infection, and the HSP90 inhibitor VER-82576 could reduce TGEV infection and proinflammatory cytokine production, providing a new perspective for TGEV antiviral drug target design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daili Song
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yujia Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yixiao Liang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Animal Experiments Teaching Demonstration Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Animal Experiments Teaching Demonstration Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Yu M, Zhang S. Influenced tumor microenvironment and tumor immunity by amino acids. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118448. [PMID: 36798123 PMCID: PMC9927402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that tumors are a complex tissue composed of cancer cells, extracellular matrix, inflammatory cells, immune cells, and other cells. Deregulation of tumor microenvironment promotes tumor aggressiveness by sustaining cell growth, invasion, and survival from immune surveillance. The concepts that some dietary nutrients could change tumor microenvironment are extremely attractive. Many studies demonstrated that high-fat diet-induced obesity shaped metabolism to suppress anti-tumor immunity, but how amino acids changed the tumor microenvironment and impacted tumor immunity was still not totally understood. In fact, amino acid metabolism in different signaling pathways and their cross-talk shaped tumor immunity and therapy efficacy in cancer patients. Our review focused on mechanisms by which amino acid influenced tumor microenvironment, and found potential drug targets for immunotherapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Shuang Zhang,
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Mao H, Zhang Y, Ji W, Yun Y, Wei X, Cui Y, Wang C. Leucine protects bovine intestinal epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by alleviating oxidative damage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5903-5912. [PMID: 35437753 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate whether leucine (Leu) alleviates oxidative injury in bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS BIECs were treated with H2 O2 (1 mmol L-1 ) and/or Leu (0, 0.9, 1.8 or 3.6 mmol L-1 ) for 2 h. Leu increased cell viability (P < 0.05) and decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) in BIECs challenged by H2 O2 . Then, the cells were treated with H2 O2 (1 mmol L-1 ) and/or Leu (1.8 mmol L-1 ) for 2 h. Compared with the H2 O2 group, cells treated with Leu and Leu + H2 O2 exhibited increased (P < 0.05) mRNA and protein expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). BIECs treatment with Leu significantly reduced (P < 0.05) apoptosis induced by H2 O2 . BIECs were transfected with Nrf2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) for 48 h and/or treated with H2 O2 (1 mmol L-1 ) and/or Leu (1.8 mmol L-1 ) for another 2 h. Transfection with Nrf2 siRNA abrogated the protective effect of Leu against H2 O2 -induced apoptosis and the mRNA and protein expression of SOD2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that Leu promotes the relative expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD2, CAT and GPx1) and phase II detoxification enzymes (HO-1) by upregulating nuclear Nrf2 and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, thus enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cells. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Wenwen Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Yan Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Xiaoshi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Yanjun Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
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Eugenol Attenuates Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Via ROS-NRF2-ARE Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091838. [PMID: 36139913 PMCID: PMC9495523 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea due to oxidative stress in the piglet intestine, is a major cause of economic loss in the livestock industry. However, limited interventions have been shown to be effective in the treatment of TGEV. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic activity of eugenol in TGEV-induced intestinal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our data show that eugenol supplementation protects intestine and IPEC-J2 cells from TGEV-induced damage. Mechanistically, eugenol reduces TGEV-induced oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells by reducing reactive oxygen species levels. Interestingly, eugenol also inhibits TGEV-induced intestinal cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our data suggest that eugenol prevents TGEV-induced intestinal oxidative stress by reducing ROS-mediated damage to antioxidant signaling pathways. Therefore, eugenol may be a promising therapeutic strategy for TGEV infection.
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The Effects and Cell Barrier Mechanism of Main Dietary Nutrients on Intestinal Barrier. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Attenuates Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus-Induced Apoptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells via Inhibiting ROS-Mediated P38MAPK Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020345. [PMID: 35204227 PMCID: PMC8868330 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) can cause diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality in piglets, which is closely related to intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis caused by TGEV infection. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A, which has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, it is unknown whether ATRA can attenuate TGEV-induced IPEC-J2 cells apoptosis. Therefore, we investigated the protective effects of ATRA on TGEV-induced apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells and explored the potential molecular mechanism. Our results indicated that TGEV infection caused IPEC-J2 cells damage and apoptosis. However, ATRA treatment attenuated TGEV-induced IPEC-J2 cells damage by upregulating the mRNA expressions of ZO-1, Occludin, and Mucin-1. ATRA treatment also attenuated TGEV-induced apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells by downregulating the expression of Caspase-3, which is related to the inhibition of death receptor (Fas and Caspase-8) and mitochondrial (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-9) pathways. Moreover, ATRA treatment prevented TGEV-induced ROS and MDA production and the upregulation of P38MAPK phosphorylation level, which is related to the increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and T-AOC) and the mRNA abundance of antioxidant-related genes (GPX1, GPX2, SOD1, CAT, GCLC, and GCLM). In addition, treatment of TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells with the ROS inhibitors (NAC) significantly reduced the protein levels of p-P38MAPK, Fas, Bax, and Cleaved-caspase-3 and the percentage of apoptotic cells. Our results indicated that ATRA attenuated TGEV-induced apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells via improving the antioxidant capacity, thereby inhibiting the cell damage. the mechanism of which is associated with the inhibition of ROS-mediated P38MAPK signaling pathway.
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Pi G, Song W, Wu Z, Li Y, Yang H. Comparison of expression profiles between undifferentiated and differentiated porcine IPEC-J2 cells. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:4. [PMID: 35000622 PMCID: PMC8744309 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2) is a well-established model to study porcine intestinal physiology. IPEC-J2 cells undergo spontaneous differentiation during culture while changes in expression patterns of differentiated IPEC-J2 remain unclear. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the expression profiles of IPEC-J2 cells at the transcriptional level. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enriched pathways and potential key genes were identified. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and percentages of apoptotic cells were also measured. RESULTS Overall, a total of 988 DEGs were identified, including 704 up-regulated and 284 down-regulated genes. GO analysis revealed that epithelial cell differentiation, apoptotic signaling pathway, regulation of cytokine production and immune system process, regulation of cell death and proliferation, cell junction complexes, and kinase binding were enriched significantly. Consistently, KEGG, REACTOME, and CORUM analysis indicated that cytokine responses modulation may be involved in IPEC-J2 differentiation. Moreover, AKP activity, a recognized marker of enterocyte differentiation, was significantly increased in IPEC-J2 after 14 days of culture. Meanwhile, annexin V-FITC/PI assay demonstrated a remarkable increase in apoptotic cells after 14 days of culture. Additionally, 10 hub genes were extracted, and STAT1, AKT3, and VEGFA were speculated to play roles in IPEC-J2 differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These findings may contribute to the molecular characterization of IPEC-J2, and may progress the understanding of cellular differentiation of swine intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Pi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Wenxin Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zijuan Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
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