1
|
Saito T, Shukla NM, Sato-Kaneko F, Sako Y, Hosoya T, Yao S, Lao FS, Messer K, Pu M, Chan M, Chu PJ, Cottam HB, Hayashi T, Carson DA, Corr M. Small Molecule Calcium Channel Activator Potentiates Adjuvant Activity. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:217-229. [PMID: 34985883 PMCID: PMC8788586 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet need for reliable fully synthetic adjuvants that increase lasting protective immune responses from vaccines. We previously reported a high-throughput screening for small molecules that extended nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation after a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), stimulation using a human myeloid reporter cell line. We identified compounds with a conserved aminothiazole scaffold including 2D216 [N-(4-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-4-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)benzamide], which increased murine antigen-specific antibody responses when used as a co-adjuvant with LPS. Here, we examined the mechanism of action in human cells. Although 2D216 activated the major mitogen-activated protein kinases, it did not interact with common kinases and phosphatases and did not stimulate many of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Instead, the mechanism of action was linked to intracellular Ca2+ elevation via Ca2+ channel(s) at the plasma membrane and nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) as supported by RNA-seq data, analysis by reporter cells, Ca2+ flux assays, and immunoblots. Interestingly, 2D216 had minimal, if any, activity on Jurkat T cells but induced cytokine production and surface expression of costimulatory molecules on cells with antigen-presenting functions. A small series of analogs of 2D216 were tested for the ability to enhance a TLR4 ligand-stimulated autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In the MLR, 2E151, N-(4-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-4-((4-propylpiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)benzamide, was more potent than 2D216. These results indicate that a small molecule that is not a direct PRR agonist can act as a co-adjuvant to an approved adjuvant to enhance human immune responses via a complementary mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Saito
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
- Department
of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Nikunj M. Shukla
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Fumi Sato-Kaneko
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Yukiya Sako
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Tadashi Hosoya
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
- Department
of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Fitzgerald S. Lao
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Karen Messer
- Herbert
Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0901, United States
| | - Minya Pu
- Herbert
Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0901, United States
| | - Michael Chan
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Paul J. Chu
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Howard B. Cottam
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department
of Medicine, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0656, United States
| |
Collapse
|