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Hu C, Dou W, Ma X, An Y, Wang D, Ma Y. AMP-activated protein kinase mediates (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to promote lipid synthesis in mastitis cows. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2381080. [PMID: 39087503 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2381080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis, a serious threat to the health and milk production function of dairy cows decreases milk quality. Blood from three healthy cows and three mastitis cows were collected in this study and their transcriptome was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened according to the |log2FoldChange| > 1 and P-value < 0.05 criteria. Pathway enrichment and functional annotation were performed through KEGG and GO analyses. Finally, the mechanism of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to promote lipid metabolism in mastitis cows was analyzed in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 825 DEGs, with 474 genes showing increased expression and 351 genes showing decreased expression. The KEGG analysis of DEGs revealed that they were mainly linked to tumour necrosis factor, nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway, and lipid metabolism-related signalling pathway, whereas GO functional annotation found that DEGs were enriched in threonine and methionine kinase activity, cellular metabolic processes, and cytoplasm. AMPK expression, which is involved in several lipid metabolism pathways, was downregulated in mastitis cows. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the inhibition of AMPK promoted the expression of lipid synthesis genes in lipopolysaccharide-induced BMECs and that EGCG could promote lipid synthesis by decreasing the expression of AMPK and downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors in inflammatory BMECs. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that AMPK mediated EGCG to inhabit of inflammatory responses and promote of lipid synthesis in inflammatory BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenli Dou
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuehu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhao An
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Ningxia Borui Ruminant Nutrition Research Center Co., Ltd, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Alkan KK, Satilmis F, Sonmez G, Deniz YE, Culha MH, Ciftci MF, Yesilkaya OF, Alkan H. Putrescine supplementation improves the developmental competence of in vitro produced bovine embryos. Theriogenology 2024; 231:133-143. [PMID: 39447374 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of putrescine, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and a cell proliferation stimulant, on embryo development and quality by supplementing it to in vitro culture medium. In this study, oocytes were obtained from the ovaries of Holstein cattle. Following maturation and fertilization, the presumptive zygotes were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group (Putrescine, n = 435) was supplemented with putrescine at a concentration of 0.5 mM to in vitro culture. The second group (n = 407) was maintained under standard culture conditions without any supplementations to the medium. Following the determination of the developmental stages of the embryos, only those in the blastocyst stage were subjected to differential staining and the cell numbers of the embryos were determined. Moreover, the TUNEL assay was employed to ascertain the extent of cell death and the apoptotic index in the embryos. Additionally, the levels of ROS were determined in the embryos. Furthermore, gene expression analyses were conducted on blastocyst-stage embryos to ascertain the potential of putrescine supplementation in embryo development along specific pathways. Following in vitro culture, the blastocyst formation rate was 44.37 % in the putrescine group and 32.97 % in the control group (P < 0.05). The counts of ICM (60.60 ± 15.79 vs 50.73 ± 16.74), TE (117.70 ± 23.67 vs 94.0 ± 22.46), and TCC (178.30 ± 26.15 vs 144.73 ± 26.86) were found to be statistically higher in blastocysts developing after putrescine supplementation compared to the control group. Furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells (7.69 ± 2.17 vs 9.96 ± 3.99) and the apoptotic index (5.07 % vs 8.01 %) were found to be lower in the putrescine group in comparison to the control group. Nevertheless, it was established that the ROS level in the control group was approximately two-fold higher than in the putrescine group (P < 0.05). The findings also revealed that putrescine up-regulated the gene expression of SOD, GPX4, CAT, BCL2, NANOG and GATA3 while simultaneously down-regulating the BAX expression level. In conclusion, the supplementation of putrescine to the culture medium during in vitro bovine embryo production was found to contribute to the improvement of embryo quality and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Karakas Alkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye.
| | - Fatma Satilmis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Gonca Sonmez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Yunus Emre Deniz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Hudai Culha
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Furkan Ciftci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Omer Faruk Yesilkaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Alkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
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Xia X, Ren P, Bai Y, Li J, Zhang H, Wang L, Hu J, Li X, Ding K. Modulatory Effects of Regulated Cell Death: An Innovative Preventive Approach for the Control of Mastitis. Cells 2024; 13:1699. [PMID: 39451217 PMCID: PMC11506078 DOI: 10.3390/cells13201699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a common disease worldwide that affects the development of the dairy industry due to its high incidence and complex etiology. Precise regulation of cell death and survival plays a critical role in maintaining internal homeostasis, organ development, and immune function in organisms, and regulatory abnormalities are a common mechanism of various pathological changes. Recent research has shown that regulated cell death (RCD) plays a crucial role in mastitis. The development of drugs to treat cell death and survival abnormalities that can be widely used in mastitis treatment has important clinical significance. This paper will review the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis and their regulatory roles in mastitis to provide a new perspective for the targeted treatment of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xia
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China; (X.X.)
| | - Pengfei Ren
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China; (X.X.)
| | - Yilin Bai
- Laboratory of Indigenous Cattle Germplasm Innovation, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China; (X.X.)
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China; (X.X.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China; (X.X.)
| | - Jianhe Hu
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China; (X.X.)
| | - Xinwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China; (X.X.)
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Zuzarte M, Sousa C, Alves-Silva J, Salgueiro L. Plant Monoterpenes and Essential Oils as Potential Anti-Ageing Agents: Insights from Preclinical Data. Biomedicines 2024; 12:365. [PMID: 38397967 PMCID: PMC10886757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a natural process characterized by a time-dependent decline of physiological integrity that compromises functionality and inevitably leads to death. This decline is also quite relevant in major human pathologies, being a primary risk factor in neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. Bearing this in mind, it is not surprising that research aiming at improving human health during this process has burst in the last decades. Importantly, major hallmarks of the ageing process and phenotype have been identified, this knowledge being quite relevant for future studies towards the identification of putative pharmaceutical targets, enabling the development of preventive/therapeutic strategies to improve health and longevity. In this context, aromatic plants have emerged as a source of potential bioactive volatile molecules, mainly monoterpenes, with many studies referring to their anti-ageing potential. Nevertheless, an integrated review on the current knowledge is lacking, with several research approaches studying isolated ageing hallmarks or referring to an overall anti-ageing effect, without depicting possible mechanisms of action. Herein, we aim to provide an updated systematization of the bioactive potential of volatile monoterpenes on recently proposed ageing hallmarks, and highlight the main mechanisms of action already identified, as well as possible chemical entity-activity relations. By gathering and categorizing the available scattered information, we also aim to identify important research gaps that could help pave the way for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Zuzarte
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.A.-S.); (L.S.)
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Sousa
- iNOVA4HEALTH, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS/FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centro Clínico e Académico de Lisboa, 1156-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Alves-Silva
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.A.-S.); (L.S.)
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.A.-S.); (L.S.)
- Univ Coimbra, Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Goudarzi MA, Radfar M, Goudarzi Z. Peppermint as a promising treatment agent in inflammatory conditions: A comprehensive systematic review of literature. Phytother Res 2024; 38:187-195. [PMID: 37850332 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, a type of the body's defense against injury or infection, causes many chronic disorders including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, discovering natural compounds with numerous biological activities for the management of inflammation is highly recommended. Out of natural compounds, peppermint and its main component, menthol, has been suggested to possess antiinflammatory potential. Four databases including Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched to identify articles about peppermint and its antiinflammatory effects up to March 2023. Out of 3805 records screened, 14 articles met the study criteria. The evidence reviewed here proposed peppermint as an antiinflammatory agent. Peppermint may suppress inflammation by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase/unc-51 like kinase 1/nuclear factor-E2 associated factor 2 autophagy pathway, downregulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase-nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen activated protein kinases pathways, attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide, and inducing the production of antiinflammatory prostaglandins. Due to the promising antiinflammatory effects of peppermint and the lack of human studies in this regard, future randomized clinical trials examining the effects of peppermint on inflammation and its related maladies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Radfar
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Goudarzi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Bandick R, Busmann LV, Mousavi S, Shayya NW, Piwowarski JP, Granica S, Melzig MF, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Therapeutic Effects of Oral Application of Menthol and Extracts from Tormentil ( Potentilla erecta), Raspberry Leaves ( Rubus idaeus), and Loosestrife ( Lythrum salicaria) during Acute Murine Campylobacteriosis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2410. [PMID: 37896170 PMCID: PMC10610364 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human food-borne infections with the enteropathogen Campylobacter jejuni are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Since antibiotics are usually not indicated in campylobacteriosis, alternative treatment regimens are important. We here investigated potential disease-alleviating effects of menthol and of extracts from tormentil, raspberry leaves, and loosestrife in acute murine campylobacteriosis. Therefore, C. jejuni-infected microbiota-depleted IL-10-/- mice were orally treated with the compounds alone or all in combination from day 2 until day 6 post-infection. Whereas neither treatment regimen affected gastrointestinal pathogen loads, the combination of compounds alleviated C. jejuni-induced diarrheal symptoms in diseased mice on day 6 post-infection. Furthermore, the therapeutic application of tormentil and menthol alone and the combination of the four compounds resulted in lower colonic T cell numbers in infected mice when compared to placebo counterparts. Notably, pro-inflammatory cytokines measured in mesenteric lymph nodes taken from C. jejuni-infected mice following tormentil, menthol, and combination treatment did not differ from basal concentrations. However, neither treatment regimen could dampen extra-intestinal immune responses, including systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion on day 6 post-infection. In conclusion, the combination of menthol and of extracts from tormentil, raspberry leaves, and loosestrife constitutes an antibiotic-independent approach to alleviate campylobacteriosis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Bandick
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lia V Busmann
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nizar W Shayya
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthias F Melzig
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
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Rachitha P, Krupashree K, Jayashree GV, Raghavendra VB, Pal A, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Shanmuganathan R, Karuppusamy I, Brindhadevi K. T-2 toxin induces dermal inflammation and toxicity in mice: The healing potential of menthol. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115838. [PMID: 37024032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, T-2 is one of the most harmful food-toxic chemicals, penetrates intact skin. The current study examined the protective benefits of menthol topical treatment on T-2 toxin-induced cutaneous toxicity in mice. Lesions were observed on the skin of the T-2 toxin-treated groups at 72 and 120 h. The T-2 toxin (2.97 mg/kg/bw)-treated group developed skin lesions, skin inflammation, erythema, and necrosis of skin tissue in contrast to the control group. Our findings reveal that topical application of 0.25% and 0.5% MN treated groups resulted in no erythema or inflammation, and normal skin was observed with growing hairs. The 0.5% MN administered group demonstrated an 80% blister and erythema healing effect in in vitro tests. In addition, MN dose-dependently suppressed ROS and lipid peroxidation mediated by the T-2 toxin up to 120%. Histology discoveries and the immunoblotting investigations with the downregulation of i-NOS gene expression confirmed the validity of menthol activity. Further molecular docking experiments of menthol against the i-NOS protein demonstrated stable binding efficacy with conventional hydrogen bond interactions, indicating compelling evidence of menthol's anti-inflammatory effects on the T-2 toxin-induced skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttasiddaiah Rachitha
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddarthanagar, Mysuru, 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - K Krupashree
- Biochemistry Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - G V Jayashree
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddarthanagar, Mysuru, 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay B Raghavendra
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddarthanagar, Mysuru, 570011, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Indira Karuppusamy
- Research Center for Strategic Materials, Corrosion Resistant Steel Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Liu S, Qin HH, Ji XR, Gan JW, Sun MJ, Tao J, Tao ZQ, Zhao GN, Ma BX. Virtual Screening of Nrf2 Dietary-Derived Agonists and Safety by a New Deep-Learning Model and Verified In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:8038-8049. [PMID: 37196215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is an essential regulatory target of antioxidants, but the lack of Nrf2 active site information has hindered discovery of new Nrf2 agonists from food-derived compounds by large-scale virtual screening. Two deep-learning models were separately trained to screen for Nrf2-agonists and safety. The trained models screened potentially active chemicals from approximately 70,000 dietary compounds within 5 min. Of the 169 potential Nrf2 agonists identified via deep-learning screening, 137 had not been reported before. Six compounds selected from the new Nrf2 agonists significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activity of Nrf2 on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated HepG2 cells (nicotiflorin (99.44 ± 18.5%), artemetin (97.91 ± 8.22%), daidzin (87.73 ± 3.77%), linonin (74.27 ± 5.73%), sinensetin (72.74 ± 10.41%), and tectoridin (77.78 ± 4.80%)), and their safety were demonstrated by an MTT assay. The safety and Nrf2 agonistic activity of nicotiflorin, artemetin, and daidzin were also reconfirm by a single-dose acute oral toxicity study and CCl4-intoxicated rat assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huan-Huan Qin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xin-Ran Ji
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jian-Wen Gan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Meng-Jia Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jin Tao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhuo-Qi Tao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bing-Xin Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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