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Miao L, Zhang J, Xu W, Qian Q, Zhang G, Yuan Q, Lv Y, Zhang H, Shen C, Wang W. Global research trends in CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors: A comprehensive visualization and bibliometric study (2012-2023). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2338984. [PMID: 38698555 PMCID: PMC11073418 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2338984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy has emerged as a significant approach for the management of hematological malignancies. Over the past few years, the utilization of CAR-T cells in the investigation and treatment of solid tumors has gained momentum, thereby establishing itself as a prominent area of research. This descriptive study involved the retrieval of articles about CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Subsequently, bibliometric analysis and knowledge map analysis were conducted on these articles. The field under consideration is currently experiencing a period of swift advancement, as evidenced by the escalating number of publications in this domain each year. The United States holds an indisputable position as the foremost leader in this particular field, with the University of Pennsylvania emerging as the most active institution. The authors with the highest citation frequency and co-citation frequency are Carl H. June and Shannon L. Maude, respectively. The research hotspots in this field mainly focus on five aspects. Additionally, 10 emerging themes were identified. This study undertakes a comprehensive, systematic, and objective analysis and exploration of the field of CAR-T cell treatment for solid tumors, utilizing bibliometric methods. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a valuable reference and enlightenment for future research endeavors in this particular domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Miao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Yuetao Lv
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Haiguo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Chaoyan Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
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2
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Holtermann A, Gislon M, Angele M, Subklewe M, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Lauber K, Kobold S. Prospects of Synergy: Local Interventions and CAR T Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors. BioDrugs 2024; 38:611-637. [PMID: 39080180 PMCID: PMC11358237 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-024-00669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy has been established in the treatment of various B cell malignancies. However, translating this therapeutic effect to treat solid tumors has been challenging because of their inter-tumoral as well as intratumoral heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Local interventions, such as surgery, radiotherapy, local ablation, and locoregional drug delivery, can enhance chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in solid tumors by improving tumor infiltration and reducing systemic toxicities. Additionally, ablation and radiotherapy have proven to (re-)activate systemic immune responses via abscopal effects and reprogram the tumor microenvironment on a physical, cellular, and chemical level. This review highlights the potential synergy of the combined approaches to overcome barriers of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and summarizes recent studies that may pave the way for new treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Holtermann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80336, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Mila Gislon
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Angele
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany.
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Wang M, Jia L, Dai X, Zhang X. Advanced strategies in improving the immunotherapeutic effect of CAR-T cell therapy. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1821-1848. [PMID: 38456710 PMCID: PMC11306536 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cell therapy is a newly developed immunotherapy strategy and has achieved satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, some adverse effects related to CAR-T cell therapy have to be resolved before it is widely used in clinics as a cancer treatment. Furthermore, the application of CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumors has been hampered by numerous limitations. Therefore, it is essential to explore novel strategies to improve the therapeutic effect of CAR-T cell therapy. In this review, we summarized the recently developed strategies aimed at optimizing the generation of CAR-T cells and improving the anti-tumor efficiency of CAR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, the discovery of new targets for CAR-T cell therapy and the combined treatment strategies of CAR-T cell therapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, cancer vaccines and nanomaterials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of EducationFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human DiseaseFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Linzi Jia
- Department of General MedicineShanxi Province Cancer HospitalTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of EducationFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human DiseaseFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of EducationFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human DiseaseFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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4
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Amit U, Uslu U, Verginadis II, Kim MM, Motlagh SAO, Diffenderfer ES, Assenmacher CA, Bicher S, Atoche SJ, Ben-Josef E, Young RM, June CH, Koumenis C. Proton radiation boosts the efficacy of mesothelin-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403002121. [PMID: 39047033 PMCID: PMC11294999 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a challenge in oncology, with limited treatment options for advanced-stage patients. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy targeting mesothelin (MSLN) shows promise, but challenges such as the hostile immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder its efficacy. This study explores the synergistic potential of combining proton radiation therapy (RT) with MSLN-targeting CAR T therapy in a syngeneic PDAC model. Proton RT significantly increased MSLN expression in tumor cells and caused a significant increase in CAR T cell infiltration into tumors. The combination therapy reshaped the immunosuppressive TME, promoting antitumorigenic M1 polarized macrophages and reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). In a flank PDAC model, the combination therapy demonstrated superior attenuation of tumor growth and improved survival compared to individual treatments alone. In an orthotopic PDAC model treated with image-guided proton RT, tumor growth was significantly reduced in the combination group compared to the RT treatment alone. Further, the combination therapy induced an abscopal effect in a dual-flank tumor model, with increased serum interferon-γ levels and enhanced proliferation of extratumoral CAR T cells. In conclusion, combining proton RT with MSLN-targeting CAR T therapy proves effective in modulating the TME, enhancing CAR T cell trafficking, and exerting systemic antitumor effects. Thus, this combinatorial approach could present a promising strategy for improving outcomes in unresectable PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Amit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv64239, Israel
| | - Ugur Uslu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Ioannis I. Verginadis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Michele M. Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Seyyedeh Azar Oliaei Motlagh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Eric S. Diffenderfer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Pathology Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Sandra Bicher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Sebastian J. Atoche
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Edgar Ben-Josef
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Regina M. Young
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Carl H. June
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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5
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Squalli Houssaini A, Lamrabet S, Nshizirungu JP, Senhaji N, Sekal M, Karkouri M, Bennis S. Glioblastoma Vaccines as Promising Immune-Therapeutics: Challenges and Current Status. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:655. [PMID: 38932383 PMCID: PMC11209492 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Standard treatments including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have failed to significantly improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. Currently, immunotherapeutic approaches based on vaccines, chimeric antigen-receptor T-cells, checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic virotherapy are showing promising results in clinical trials. The combination of different immunotherapeutic approaches is proving satisfactory and promising. In view of the challenges of immunotherapy and the resistance of glioblastomas, the treatment of these tumors requires further efforts. In this review, we explore the obstacles that potentially influence the efficacy of the response to immunotherapy and that should be taken into account in clinical trials. This article provides a comprehensive review of vaccine therapy for glioblastoma. In addition, we identify the main biomarkers, including isocitrate dehydrogenase, epidermal growth factor receptor, and telomerase reverse transcriptase, known as potential immunotherapeutic targets in glioblastoma, as well as the current status of clinical trials. This paper also lists proposed solutions to overcome the obstacles facing immunotherapy in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmae Squalli Houssaini
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco;
| | - Salma Lamrabet
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco;
| | - Jean Paul Nshizirungu
- Biology Department, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 3900, Rwanda;
| | - Nadia Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Sekal
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco;
| | - Mehdi Karkouri
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca 20250, Morocco;
- Laboratory of Cellular and molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20360, Morocco
| | - Sanae Bennis
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco;
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6
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Szlasa W, Sztuder A, Kaczmar-Dybko A, Maciejczyk A, Dybko J. Efficient combination of radiotherapy and CAR-T - A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116532. [PMID: 38574625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, a groundbreaking immunotherapy. However, it faces formidable challenges in treating solid tumors, grappling with issues like poor trafficking, limited penetration, and insufficient persistence within the tumor microenvironment (TME). CAR-T cells are engineered to express receptors that target specific cancer antigens, enhancing their ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. This review paper explores the intricate interplay between CAR-T therapy and radiotherapy (RT), investigating their synergistic potential. Radiotherapy, a standard cancer treatment, involves using high doses of radiation to target and damage cancer cells, disrupting their ability to grow and divide. We highlight that RT modulates the TME, augments antigen presentation, and promotes immune cell infiltration, bolstering CAR-T cell-mediated tumor eradication. Molecular insights shed light on RT-induced alterations in tumor stroma, T cell recruitment promotion, and induction of immunogenic cell death. Noteworthy, strategies, such as combining hypofractionated radiotherapy with myeloid-derived suppressor cell blockade, underscore innovative approaches to enhance CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors. Bridging indications for RT and CAR-T cells in hematological malignancies are discussed, emphasizing scenarios where RT strategically enhances CAR-T cell efficacy. The paper critically evaluates the RT as a bridge compared to traditional chemotherapy, highlighting timing and dosage considerations crucial for optimizing CAR-T therapy outcomes. In summary, the paper provides valuable insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms activated by RT and innovative strategies to improve CAR-T cell therapy, fostering a deeper understanding of their combined potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Lower Silesian Centre of Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology, Wroclaw 53-413, Poland; Medical University Hospital, Borowska 213, Wrocław 50-556, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Sztuder
- Lower Silesian Centre of Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology, Wroclaw 53-413, Poland; Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-367, Poland
| | | | - Adam Maciejczyk
- Lower Silesian Centre of Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology, Wroclaw 53-413, Poland; Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-367, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dybko
- Lower Silesian Centre of Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology, Wroclaw 53-413, Poland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
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7
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Zhao J, Yang H, Ge J, Li L, Yao Q, He S, Zhu Q, Ren R, Li C, Ma L, Tian W, Wei J. Pomalidomide improves the effectiveness of CAR-T treatment in the relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma or B-cell leukemia/lymphoma with extramedullary disease. BLOOD SCIENCE 2024; 6:e00184. [PMID: 38433987 PMCID: PMC10906647 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma with extramedullary disease (EMD) have poor prognosis and high mortality, lack of effective therapeutic approaches. We reported for the first time that 6 patients with malignant hematological diseases with EMD received chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T treatment combined with pomalidomide, and CAR-T cells were treated with pomalidomide in vitro to determine its killing activity and cytokine secretion. Three patients with RRMM were given B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-CAR-T therapy. All 3 patients with B-cell leukemia/lymphoma received CD19/22-CAR-T sequential infusion. There were no treatment-related deaths. The maximum overall response rate (ORR) was 100%. Median follow-up was 211.5 days (75-407 days). Three patients (50%) experienced cytokine release syndrome, all of which were grade 1, and no neurotoxicity was observed. In vitro experiments showed that the killing activity did not differ significantly between BCMA-CAR-T cells with and without pomalidomide (10, 25, or 50 μg/mL) in 8226/U266 cell cocultures (P > .05). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion was significantly higher from 8226 and Raji cells cocultured with BCMA-CAR-T and cluster of differentiation (CD)19-CAR-T cells (P < .05). Based on the cocultures, adding pomalidomide significantly promoted IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion (P < .05). Based on the above clinical and in vitro studies demonstrating the co-administration of pomalidomide with CAR-T cell treatment demonstrated favorable tolerability and therapeutic effectiveness in RRMM or B-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Junnan Ge
- Hebei Taihe Chunyu Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Linyu Li
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Qiong Yao
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Shaolong He
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiujuan Zhu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Ruiui Ren
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Chunrui Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liangming Ma
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Weiwei Tian
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Sino-German Joint Oncological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Sino-German Joint Oncological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
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8
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Hadiloo K, Jabbari M, Elahi R. Current progress of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T versus CAR NK cell for immunotherapy of solid tumors. Life Sci 2024; 337:122381. [PMID: 38145710 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Equipping cancer-fighting immune cells with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has gained immense attention for cancer treatment. CAR-engineered T cells (CAR T cells) are the first immune-engineered cells that have achieved brilliant results in anti-cancer therapy. Despite promising anti-cancer features, CAR T cells could also cause fatal side effects and have shown inadequate efficacy in some studies. This has led to the introduction of other candidates for CAR transduction, e.g., Natural killer cells (NK cells). Regarding the better safety profile and anti-cancer properties, CAR-armored NK cells (CAR NK cells) could be a beneficial and suitable alternative to CAR T cells. Since introducing these two cells as anti-cancer structures, several studies have investigated their efficacy and safety, and most of them have focused on hematological malignancies. Solid tumors have unique properties that make them more resistant and less curable cancers than hematological malignancies. In this review article, we conduct a comprehensive review of the structure and properties of CAR NK and CAR T cells, compare the recent experience of immunotherapy with CAR T and CAR NK cells in various solid cancers, and overview current challenges and future solutions to battle solid cancers using CARNK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Hadiloo
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Marjan Jabbari
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Elahi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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9
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Hadiloo K, Taremi S, Heidari M, Esmaeilzadeh A. The CAR macrophage cells, a novel generation of chimeric antigen-based approach against solid tumors. Biomark Res 2023; 11:103. [PMID: 38017494 PMCID: PMC10685521 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, adoptive cell therapy has many successes in cancer therapy, and this subject is brilliant in using chimeric antigen receptor T cells. The CAR T cell therapy, with its FDA-approved drugs, could treat several types of hematological malignancies and thus be very attractive for treating solid cancer. Unfortunately, the CAR T cell cannot be very functional in solid cancers due to its unique features. This treatment method has several harmful adverse effects that limit their applications, so novel treatments must use new cells like NK cells, NKT cells, and macrophage cells. Among these cells, the CAR macrophage cells, due to their brilliant innate features, are more attractive for solid tumor therapy and seem to be a better candidate for the prior treatment methods. The CAR macrophage cells have vital roles in the tumor microenvironment and, with their direct effect, can eliminate tumor cells efficiently. In addition, the CAR macrophage cells, due to being a part of the innate immune system, attended the tumor sites. With the high infiltration, their therapy modulations are more effective. This review investigates the last achievements in CAR-macrophage cells and the future of this immunotherapy treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Hadiloo
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Siavash Taremi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Heidari
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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10
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Banerjee R, Wang V, Huang CY, Pandita D, Leonard MK, LaRue S, Ahmadi M, Kaplan L, Ai WZ, Fakhri B, Spinner M, Seshadri MR, Pampaloni MH, Andreadis CB. Hypoxia-specific imaging in patients with lymphoma undergoing CAR-T therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3349-3353. [PMID: 37300573 PMCID: PMC10853015 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intratumoral hypoxia in non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) may interfere with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) function. We conducted a single-center pilot study (clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT04409314) of [18F]fluoroazomycin arabinoside, a hypoxia-specific radiotracer abbreviated as [18F]FAZA, to assess the feasibility of this positron emission tomography (PET) imaging modality in this population. METHODS Patients with relapsed NHL being evaluated for CAR-T therapy received a one-time [18F]FAZA PET scan before pre-CAR-T lymphodepletion. A tumor to mediastinum (T/M) ratio of 1.2 or higher with regard to [18F]FAZA uptake was defined as positive for intratumoral hypoxia. We planned to enroll 30 patients with an interim futility analysis after 16 scans. RESULTS Of 16 scanned patients, 3 had no evidence of disease by standard [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging before CAR-T therapy. Six patients (38%) had any [18F]FAZA uptake above background. Using a T/M cutoff of 1.20, only one patient (a 68-year-old male with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) demonstrated intratumoral hypoxia in an extranodal chest wall lesion (T/M 1.35). Interestingly, of all 16 scanned patients, he was the only patient with progressive disease within 1 month of CAR-T therapy. However, because of our low overall proportion of positive scans, our study was stopped for futility. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study identified low-level [18F]FAZA uptake in a small number of patients with NHL receiving CAR-T therapy. The only patient who met our pre-specified threshold for intratumoral hypoxia was also the only patient with early CAR-T failure. Future plans include exploration of [18F]FAZA in a more selected patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Banerjee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-650, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Victoria Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chiung-Yu Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Divita Pandita
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle K Leonard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Siobhan LaRue
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Ahmadi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Kaplan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Weiyun Z Ai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bita Fakhri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Spinner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madhav Rao Seshadri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miguel Hernandez Pampaloni
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charalambos Babis Andreadis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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He M, Zhang D, Cao Y, Chi C, Zeng Z, Yang X, Yang G, Sharma K, Hu K, Enikeev M. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells therapy in prostate cancer: A comprehensive review on the current state and prospects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19147. [PMID: 37664750 PMCID: PMC10469587 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent immunotherapy research has focused on chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-Ts). CAR-T therapies have been clinically applied to manage hematologic malignancies with satisfactory effectiveness. However, the application of CAR-T immunotherapy in solid tumors remains challenging. Even so, current CAR-T immunotherapies for prostate cancer (PCa) have shown some promise, giving hope to patients with advanced metastatic PCa. This review aimed to elucidate different types of prostate tumor-associated antigen targets, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen and prostate stem cell antigen, and their effects. The current status of the corresponding targets in clinical research through their applications was also discussed. To improve the efficacy of CAR-T immunotherapy, we addressed the possible applications of multimodal immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and CAR-T combined therapies. The obstacles of solid tumors were concisely elaborated. Further studies should aim to discover novel potential targets and establish new models by overcoming the inherent barriers of solid tumors, such as tumor heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze He
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dongqi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University (Lequn Branch), 130000, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Cao
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Changliang Chi
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University (Lequn Branch), 130000, Changchun, China
| | - Zitong Zeng
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinyi Yang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guodong Yang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kritika Sharma
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kebang Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University (Lequn Branch), 130000, Changchun, China
| | - Mikhail Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Ventin M, Cattaneo G, Maggs L, Jia J, Arya S, Ferrone S, Wang X, Ferrone CR. B7-H3-targeted CAR T cell activity is enhanced by radiotherapy in solid cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1193963. [PMID: 37483496 PMCID: PMC10361748 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1193963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy utilizing T cells genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has demonstrated promising clinical results in hematological malignancies. However, solid cancers have not seen a similar success due to multiple obstacles. Investigating these escape mechanisms and designing strategies to counteract such limitations is crucial and timely. Growing evidence in the literature supports the hypothesis that radiotherapy has the potential to enhance the susceptibility of solid tumors to CAR T cell therapy, by overcoming mechanisms of resistance. Radiation treatment can increase the susceptibility of different types of solid cancers (TNBC, HNSCC, PDAC) to B7-H3 CAR T cell-mediated eradication. Multiple mechanisms, including reduced cancer cell proliferation, upregulation of the targeted antigen, modulation of apoptotic molecules may contribute to this signal. The information in the literature and the results we describesupport the ability of radiotherapy to improve the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ventin
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Giulia Cattaneo
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luke Maggs
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jingyu Jia
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shahrzad Arya
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cristina R. Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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Kringel R, Lamszus K, Mohme M. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Glioblastoma-Current Concepts and Promising Future. Cells 2023; 12:1770. [PMID: 37443804 PMCID: PMC10340625 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor that is largely refractory to treatment and, therefore, invariably relapses. GBM patients have a median overall survival of 15 months and, given this devastating prognosis, there is a high need for therapy improvement. One of the therapeutic approaches currently tested in GBM is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. CAR-T cells are genetically altered T cells that are redirected to eliminate tumor cells in a highly specific manner. There are several challenges to CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors such as GBM, including restricted trafficking and penetration of tumor tissue, a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as heterogeneous antigen expression and antigen loss. In addition, CAR-T cells have limitations concerning safety, toxicity, and the manufacturing process. To date, CAR-T cells directed against several target antigens in GBM including interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2), epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) have been tested in preclinical and clinical studies. These studies demonstrated that CAR-T cell therapy is a feasible option in GBM with at least transient responses and acceptable adverse effects. Further improvements in CAR-T cells regarding their efficacy, flexibility, and safety could render them a promising therapy option in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malte Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (R.K.); (K.L.)
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14
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Zhong L, Li Y, Muluh TA, Wang Y. Combination of CAR‑T cell therapy and radiotherapy: Opportunities and challenges in solid tumors (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:281. [PMID: 37274466 PMCID: PMC10236127 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a new and breakthrough cancer immunotherapy. Although CAR-T cell therapy has made significant progress clinically in patients with refractory or drug-resistant hematological malignancies, there are numerous challenges in its application to solid tumor therapy, including antigen escape, severe toxic reactions, abnormal vascularization, tumor hypoxia, insufficient infiltration of CAR-T cells and immunosuppression. As a conventional mode of anti-tumor therapy, radiotherapy has shown promising effects in combination with CAR-T cell therapy by enhancing the specific immunity of endogenous target antigens, which promoted the infiltration and expansion of CAR-T cells and improved the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the obstacles to the application of CAR-T technology in solid tumor therapy, the potential opportunities and challenges of combined radiotherapy and CAR-T cell therapy, and the review of recent literature to evaluate the best combination for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhong
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Tobias Achu Muluh
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
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15
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Chi A, Nguyen NP. Mechanistic rationales for combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125905. [PMID: 37377970 PMCID: PMC10291094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy consisted mainly of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to significantly improved antitumor response. However, such response has been observed only in tumors possessing an overall responsive tumor immune micro-environment (TIME), in which the presence of functional tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is critical. Various mechanisms of immune escape from immunosurveillance exist, leading to different TIME phenotypes in correlation with primary or acquired resistance to ICIs. Radiotherapy has been shown to induce antitumor immunity not only in the irradiated primary tumor, but also at unirradiated distant sites of metastases. Such antitumor immunity is mainly elicited by radiation's stimulatory effects on antigenicity and adjuvanticity. Furthermore, it may be significantly augmented when irradiation is combined with immunotherapy, such as ICIs. Therefore, radiotherapy represents one potential therapeutic strategy to restore anti-tumor immunity in tumors presenting with an unresponsive TIME. In this review, the generation of anti-tumor immunity, its impairment, radiation's immunogenic properties, and the antitumor effects of combining radiation with immunotherapy will be comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Capital Medical University Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nam Phong Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
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16
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Guo S, Yao Y, Tang Y, Xin Z, Wu D, Ni C, Huang J, Wei Q, Zhang T. Radiation-induced tumor immune microenvironments and potential targets for combination therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:205. [PMID: 37208386 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the four major means of cancer treatment including surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, RT can be applied to various cancers as both a radical cancer treatment and an adjuvant treatment before or after surgery. Although RT is an important modality for cancer treatment, the consequential changes caused by RT in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not yet been fully elucidated. RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. During RT, alterations in signaling pathways result in changes in the local immune microenvironment. However, some immune cells are immunosuppressive or transform into immunosuppressive phenotypes under specific conditions, leading to the development of radioresistance. Patients who are radioresistant respond poorly to RT and may experience cancer progression. Given that the emergence of radioresistance is inevitable, new radiosensitization treatments are urgently needed. In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. Overall, this review highlights the possibilities of synergistic therapy by building on existing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengfeng Xin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Kilgour MK, Bastin DJ, Lee SH, Ardolino M, McComb S, Visram A. Advancements in CAR-NK therapy: lessons to be learned from CAR-T therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166038. [PMID: 37205115 PMCID: PMC10187144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in chimeric antigen receptor engineered T-cell (CAR-T) therapy have revolutionized treatment for several cancer types over the past decade. Despite this success, obstacles including the high price tag, manufacturing complexity, and treatment-associated toxicities have limited the broad application of this therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer cell (CAR-NK) therapy offers a potential opportunity for a simpler and more affordable "off-the-shelf" treatment, likely with fewer toxicities. Unlike CAR-T, CAR-NK therapies are still in early development, with few clinical trials yet reported. Given the challenges experienced through the development of CAR-T therapies, this review explores what lessons we can apply to build better CAR-NK therapies. In particular, we explore the importance of optimizing the immunochemical properties of the CAR construct, understanding factors leading to cell product persistence, enhancing trafficking of transferred cells to the tumor, ensuring the metabolic fitness of the transferred product, and strategies to avoid tumor escape through antigen loss. We also review trogocytosis, an important emerging challenge that likely equally applies to CAR-T and CAR-NK cells. Finally, we discuss how these limitations are already being addressed in CAR-NK therapies, and what future directions may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa K. Kilgour
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Scott McComb
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alissa Visram
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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18
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Rao P, Furst L, Meyran D, Mayoh C, Neeson PJ, Terry R, Khuong-Quang DA, Mantamadiotis T, Ekert PG. Advances in CAR T cell immunotherapy for paediatric brain tumours. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873722. [PMID: 36505819 PMCID: PMC9727400 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumours are the most common solid tumour in children and the leading cause of cancer related death in children. Current treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The need for aggressive treatment means many survivors are left with permanent severe disability, physical, intellectual and social. Recent progress in immunotherapy, including genetically engineered T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for treating cancer, may provide new avenues to improved outcomes for patients with paediatric brain cancer. In this review we discuss advances in CAR T cell immunotherapy, the major CAR T cell targets that are in clinical and pre-clinical development with a focus on paediatric brain tumours, the paediatric brain tumour microenvironment and strategies used to improve CAR T cell therapy for paediatric tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmashree Rao
- Translational Tumour Biology, Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Liam Furst
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, VIC, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah Meyran
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Université de Paris, Inserm, U976 Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy (HIPI) Unit, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France,Children’s Cancer Centre, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Translational Tumour Biology, Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Women and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J. Neeson
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachael Terry
- Translational Tumour Biology, Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Women and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Dong-Anh Khuong-Quang
- Translational Tumour Biology, Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Children’s Cancer Centre, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, VIC, Australia,Department of Surgery Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Theo Mantamadiotis, ; Paul G. Ekert,
| | - Paul G. Ekert
- Translational Tumour Biology, Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,School of Women and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Theo Mantamadiotis, ; Paul G. Ekert,
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19
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Huo CD, Yang J, Gu YM, Wang DJ, Zhang XX, Li YM. Overcome tumor relapse in CAR T cell therapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1833-1843. [PMID: 35678948 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a novel therapeutic approach that uses gene editing techniques and lentiviral transduction to engineer T cells so that they can effectively kill tumors. However, CAR T cell therapy still has some drawbacks: many patients who received CAR T cell therapy and achieve remission, still had tumor relapse and treatment resistance, which may be due to tumor immune escape and CAR T cell dysfunction. To overcome tumor relapse, more researches are being done to optimize CAR T cell therapy to make it more precise and personalized, including screening for more specific tumor antigens, developing novel CAR T cells, and combinatorial treatment approaches. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms as well as the progress of research on overcoming plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Dong Huo
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yan-Mei Gu
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Dai-Jun Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | | | - Yu-Min Li
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
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Li Q, Liang C, Xu X, Zhang C, Cao W, Wang M, Jiang Z, Xing H, Yu J. CLEC12A plays an important role in immunomodulatory function and prognostic significance of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:2136-2148. [PMID: 35481814 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2064986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The physiological function and prognostic significance of C-type lectin domain family 12 member A (CLEC12A) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are unclear. CLEC12A transcriptional expression in a variety of tumors from several public databases was collected and compared. We found that CLEC12A was highly expressed in AML cell lines and in tissues from AML patients and a higher CLEC12A expression in leukemia stem cells. CLEC12A low expression was associated with poor prognosis in the chemotherapy-only group and high CLEC12A expression may benefit from autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CLEC12A expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of type 2 macrophages and monocytes and negatively associated with NK cells and regulatory T cells in AML. CLEC12A high was positively associated with immune checkpoint genes as well as macrophage associated genes. CLEC12A is an ideal chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy target for AML and its expression level was closely linked to treatment response and patients' survival outcome. CLEC12A plays an important immunomodulatory role in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xintong Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Congli Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haizhou Xing
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, China
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