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Kaur H, Ali SA, Short SP, Williams CS, Goettel JA, Washington MK, Peek RM, Acra SA, Yan F. Identification of a functional peptide of a probiotic bacterium-derived protein for the sustained effect on preventing colitis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2264456. [PMID: 37815528 PMCID: PMC10566403 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2264456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several probiotic-derived factors have been identified as effectors of probiotics for exerting beneficial effects on the host. However, there is a paucity of studies to elucidate mechanisms of their functions. p40, a secretory protein, is originally isolated from a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Thus, this study aimed to apply structure-functional analysis to define the functional peptide of p40 that modulates the epigenetic program in intestinal epithelial cells for sustained prevention of colitis. In silico analysis revealed that p40 is composed of a signal peptide (1-28 residues) followed by a coiled-coil domain with uncharacterized function on the N-terminus, a linker region, and a β-sheet domain with high homology to CHAP on the C-terminus. Based on the p40 three-dimensional structure model, two recombinant p40 peptides were generated, p40N120 (28-120 residues) and p40N180 (28-180 residues) that contain first two and first three coiled coils, respectively. Compared to full-length p40 (p40F) and p40N180, p40N120 showed similar or higher effects on up-regulating expression of Setd1b (encoding a methyltransferase), promoting mono- and trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me1/3), and enhancing Tgfb gene expression and protein production that leads to SMAD2 phosphorylation in human colonoids and a mouse colonic epithelial cell line. Furthermore, supplementation with p40F and p40N120 in early life increased H3K4me1, Tgfb expression and differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the colon, and mitigated disruption of epithelial barrier and inflammation induced by DSS in adult mice. This study reveals the structural feature of p40 and identifies a functional peptide of p40 that could maintain intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cell and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah P. Short
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jeremy A. Goettel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sari A. Acra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Kumari M, Haranahalli Nataraj B, Prasad WG, Ali SA, Behare PV. Multi-Faceted Bioactivity Assessment of an Exopolysaccharide from Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCDC400: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Immunomodulatory Proficiencies. Foods 2023; 12:3595. [PMID: 37835248 PMCID: PMC10572761 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are acknowledged for their diverse functional and technological properties. This study presents the characterization of EPS400, an acidic exopolysaccharide sourced from the native probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCDC400. Notably, this strain has demonstrated previous capabilities in enhancing dairy food texture and displaying in vivo hypocholesterolemic activity. Our investigation aimed to unveil EPS400's potential biological roles, encompassing antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory activities. The results underscore EPS400's prowess in scavenging radicals, including the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and chelating activity targeting the ferrous ion. Furthermore, EPS400 displayed substantial antibacterial effectiveness against prevalent food spoilage bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCDC105 and Micrococcus luteus. Remarkably, EPS400 exhibited the ability to modulate cytokine production, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide, while concurrently promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 within lipopolysaccharide-activated murine primary macrophages. Additionally, EPS400 significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the phagocytic potential of macrophages. Collectively, our findings spotlight EPS400 as a promising contender endowed with significant antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory attributes. These characteristics propose EPS400 as a potential pharmaceutical or bioactive component, with potential applications in the realm of functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Kumari
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Basavaprabhu Haranahalli Nataraj
- Dairy Chemistry and Bacteriology Section, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru 560030, India
| | - Writdhama G. Prasad
- Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India;
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
- Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pradip V. Behare
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
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Tubau-Juni N, Bassaganya-Riera J, Leber AJ, Alva SS, Baker R, Hontecillas R. Modulation of colonic immunometabolic responses during Clostridioides difficile infection ameliorates disease severity and inflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14708. [PMID: 37679643 PMCID: PMC10485029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and its clinical symptoms can span from asymptomatic colonization to pseudomembranous colitis and even death. The current standard of care for CDI is antibiotic treatment to achieve bacterial clearance; however, 15 to 35% of patients experience recurrence after initial response to antibiotics. We have conducted a comprehensive, global colonic transcriptomics analysis of a 10-day study in mice to provide new insights on the local host response during CDI and identify novel host metabolic mechanisms with therapeutic potential. The analysis indicates major alterations of colonic gene expression kinetics at the acute infection stage, that are restored during the recovery phase. At the metabolic level, we observe a biphasic response pattern characterized by upregulated glycolytic metabolism during the peak of inflammation, while mitochondrial metabolism predominates during the recovery/healing stage. Inhibition of glycolysis via 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) administration during CDI decreases disease severity, protects from mortality, and ameliorates colitis in vivo. Additionally, 2-DG also protects intestinal epithelial cells from C. difficile toxin damage, preventing loss of barrier integrity and secretion of proinflammatory mediators. These data postulate the pharmacological targeting of host immunometabolic pathways as novel treatment modalities for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Baker
- NIMML Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
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Stein RA, Riber L. Epigenetic effects of short-chain fatty acids from the large intestine on host cells. MICROLIFE 2023; 4:uqad032. [PMID: 37441522 PMCID: PMC10335734 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Adult humans harbor at least as many microbial cells as eukaryotic ones. The largest compartment of this diverse microbial population, the gut microbiota, encompasses the collection of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotic organisms that populate the gastrointestinal tract, and represents a complex and dynamic ecosystem that has been increasingly implicated in health and disease. The gut microbiota carries ∼100-to-150-times more genes than the human genome and is intimately involved in development, homeostasis, and disease. Of the several microbial metabolites that have been studied, short-chain fatty acids emerge as a group of molecules that shape gene expression in several types of eukaryotic cells by multiple mechanisms, which include DNA methylation changes, histone post-translational modifications, and microRNA-mediated gene silencing. Butyric acid, one of the most extensively studied short-chain fatty acids, reaches higher concentrations in the colonic lumen, where it provides a source of energy for healthy colonocytes, and its concentrations decrease towards the bottom of the colonic crypts, where stem cells reside. The lower butyric acid concentration in the colonic crypts allows undifferentiated cells, such as stem cells, to progress through the cell cycle, pointing towards the importance of the crypts in providing them with a protective niche. In cancerous colonocytes, which metabolize relatively little butyric acid and mostly rely on glycolysis, butyric acid preferentially acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, leading to decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. A better understanding of the interface between the gut microbiota metabolites and epigenetic changes in eukaryotic cells promises to unravel in more detail processes that occur physiologically and as part of disease, help develop novel biomarkers, and identify new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Stein
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. Tel: +1-917-684-9438; E-mail: ;
| | - Leise Riber
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Rani K, Ali SA, Kaul G, Behare PV. Protective effect of probiotic and prebiotic fermented milk containing Lactobacillus fermentum against obesity-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14509. [PMID: 36334279 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, with major economic and health implications. The complex pathophysiology of obesity explains the difficulty provided to health policy for its clinical management. Increasing data show that obesity and metabolic abnormalities are intimately connected to differences in consumption of probiotics, its relevance to gut microbiota activity and composition. The goal of this investigation was to assess the effect of oral delivery of indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum NCDC 400 and prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) on obesity-associated hepatic steatosis and inflammation produced by a high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6 mice treated with L. fermentum NCDC 400 either independently or in conjunction with FOS demonstrated reduced body weight and abdominal obesity after 24 weeks of treatment. Also, the anti-oxidative enzyme activity went down, and the inflammatory profile got better, with less fat getting into the hepatocytes. The lipid profile changed, with HDL cholesterol going up and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels going down. Further, L. fermentum NCDC 400 and FOS combinations decreased fasting glucose, gHbA1c, gastric inhibitory peptide, and insulin levels in mice fed with HFD, thus improving glucose homeostasis. Overall, consumption of L. fermentum NCDC 400 alone or its combinational effects had a protective role on obesity-associated hepatic steatosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The potential indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum NCDC 400 and prebiotic FOS had a preventive role in obesity-induced hepatic steatosis and improves anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in HFD-fed obese mice. Our finding would be helpful to prevent obesity-associated hepatic steatosis and inflammation upon supplementation of pre- and pro-biotics (synbiotics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rani
- Semen Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- German Cancer Research Center, Division Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Gautam Kaul
- Semen Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana, India
| | - Pradip V Behare
- National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC) Lab, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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