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Li M, Zhu Y, Li Z, Song J, Zhao W. Immunoprotective effect and mechanism of rEg.P29 against CD4 + T cell-deficient mice with Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:482-489. [PMID: 38151996 PMCID: PMC10984858 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis and a major challenge to human public health. Vaccines are the most effective way to prevent and control infectious diseases. We previously revealed that the Echinocuccus granulosus recombinant protein P29 is a good vaccine candidate against E. granulosus. However, the protective and immunological mechanism of rEg.P29 against E. multilocularis remain unclear. In this study, CD4 + T cell-deficient mice are transferred with spleen CD4 + T cells isolated from wild-type mice and subjected to rEg.P29 immunization, and then these immunized mice are infected with E. multilocularis. The cyst inhibition rate is calculated by weighing the body and cyst weights. The level of antibody is detected by ELISA. Flow cytometry is used to detect the level of IFN-γ production by CD4 + T and CD8 + T cells. The cytokines in culture supernatant are detected by ELISA. The expressions of CD44 and CD62L on memory T cells are determined by flow cytometry. The results show the cyst inhibition rate is 41.52% after adoptive transfer of CD4 + T cells. Furthermore, the levels of IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE in serum are significantly increased compared with those in the PBS group. The IFN-γ-secretion by CD8 + T cells and the level of IFN-γ in culture supernatant are obviously increased; and the number of CD4 + T cells is increased, but the number of IFN-γ producing CD4 + T cells has no significant difference compared with PBS group. In addition, the number of CD44 +CD62L ‒CD8 + memory T cells in the spleen is significantly increased, while the number of CD44 ‒CD62L + CD8 + memory T cells is not significantly altered. Collectively, rEg.P29 can alleviate E. multilocularis infection by inducing humoral immune responses and CD8 + T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryNingxia Medical University General HospitalYinchuan750004China
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- Department of Medical Immunology and Pathogen BiologyNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Zihua Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseaseNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Jiahui Song
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseaseNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Medical Immunology and Pathogen BiologyNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseaseNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
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Zhang T, Lv Y, Zhao Y, Yang J, Qian B, Zhu Y, Zhao W, Zhu M. Changes in intestinal flora of mice induced by rEg.P29 epitope peptide vaccines. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1082. [PMID: 38018604 PMCID: PMC10664826 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, remains a public health and socioeconomic issue worldwide, making its prevention and treatment of vital importance. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the intestinal microbiota of mice immunized with three peptide vaccines based on the recombinant antigen of E. granulosus, P29 (rEg.P29), with the hope of providing more valuable information for the development of vaccines against CE. METHODS Three peptide vaccines, rEg.P29T , rEg.P29B , and rEg.P29T + B , were prepared based on rEg.P29, and a subcutaneous immunization model was established. The intestinal floras of mice in the different immunization groups were analyzed by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The intestinal microbiota analysis at both immunization time points revealed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota were the predominant flora at the phylum level, while at the genus level, Akkermansia, unclassified_Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and uncultured_rumen bacterium were the dominant genera. Some probiotics in the intestines of mice were significantly increased after immunization with the peptide vaccines, such as Lactobacillus_taiwanensis, Lactobacillus_reuteri, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Bacteroides_acidifaciens, and so forth. Meanwhile, some harmful or conditionally pathogenic bacteria were decreased, such as Turicibacter sanguinis, Desulfovibrio_fairfieldensis, Clostridium_sp, and so forth, most of which are associated with inflammatory or infectious diseases. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the differential flora were enriched in multiple metabolic pathways, primarily biological systems, human diseases, metabolism, cellular processes, and environmental information processing. CONCLUSION In this study, we comprehensively analyzed and compared changes in the intestinal microbiota of mice immunized with three peptide vaccines as well as their related metabolic pathways, providing a theoretical background for the development of novel vaccines against E. granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Clinical MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
| | - Yongxue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Jihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Bingshuo Qian
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
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Lv Y, Chang L, Yang J, Wen J, Zhao Y, Zhu M, Wu C, Zhao W. Immunogenicity of peptide-based vaccine composed of epitopes from Echinococcus granulosus rEg.P29. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22819. [PMID: 36848174 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201636r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus is one of the main causes of economic loss in the livestock industry because of its food-borne transmission. Cutting off the transmission route is a valid prevention method, and vaccines are the most effective means of controlling and eliminating infectious diseases. However, no human-related vaccine has been yet marketed. As a genetic engineering vaccine, recombinant protein P29 of E. granulosus (rEg.P29) could provide protection against deadly challenges. In this study, we generated peptide vaccines (rEg.P29T , rEg.P29B , and rEg.P29T+B ) based on rEg.P29 and an immunized model was established by subcutaneous immunization. Further evaluation showed that peptide vaccine immunization in mice induced T helper type 1 (Th1)-mediated cellular immune responses, leading to high levels of rEg.P29 or rEg.P29B -specific antibodies. In addition, rEg.P29T+B immunization can induce a higher antibody and cytokine production level than single-epitope vaccines, and immune memory is also longer. Collectively, these results suggest that rEg.P29T+B has the potential to be developed as an efficient subunit vaccine for use in areas where E. granulosus is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liangliang Chang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jihui Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
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TRH Regulates the Synthesis and Secretion of Prolactin in Rats with Adenohypophysis through the Differential Expression of miR-126a-5p. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415914. [PMID: 36555554 PMCID: PMC9781503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is an important hormone that is secreted by the pituitary gland and plays an important role in the growth, development and reproduction of organisms. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a common prolactin-releasing factor that regulates the synthesis and secretion of prolactin. In recent studies, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to play a key role in the regulation of pituitary hormones. However, there is a lack of systematic studies on the regulatory role that TRH plays on the pituitary transcriptome, and the role of miRNAs in the regulation of PRL synthesis and secretion by TRH lacks experimental evidence. In this study, we first investigated the changes in PRL synthesis and secretion in the rat pituitary gland after TRH administration. The results of transcriptomic analysis after TRH treatment showed that 102 genes, including those that encode Nppc, Fgf1, PRL, Cd63, Npw, and Il23a, were upregulated, and 488 genes, including those that encode Lats1, Cacna2d1, Top2a, and Tfap2a, were downregulated. These genes are all involved in the regulation of prolactin expression. The gene expression of miR-126a-5p, which regulates the level of PRL in the pituitary gland, was screened by analysis prediction software and by a dual luciferase reporter system. The data presented in this study demonstrate that TRH can regulate prolactin synthesis and secretion through miR-126a-5p, thereby improving our understanding of the molecular mechanism of TRH-mediated PRL secretion and providing a theoretical basis for the role of miRNAs in regulating the secretion of pituitary hormones.
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Tian Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wen J, Wu Y, Han J, Man C. Stress-Induced Immunosuppression Affects Immune Response to Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine via Circulating miRNAs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182376. [PMID: 36139236 PMCID: PMC9495071 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating miRNAs play important roles in immune response and stress-induced immunosuppression, but the function and mechanism of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting the NDV vaccine immune response remain unknown. In our study, key timepoints, functions, mechanisms, and potential biomarkers of circulating miRNAs involved in immune response and immunosuppression were discovered, providing a theoretical basis for studying the roles of circulating miRNAs in immune regulation. Abstract Studies have shown that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are important players in the immune response and stress-induced immunosuppression. However, the function and mechanism of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting the immune response to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine remain largely unknown. This study analyzed the changes of 15 NDV-related circulating miRNAs at different immune stages by qRT-PCR, aiming to explore the key timepoints, potential biomarkers, and mechanisms for the functional regulation of candidate circulating miRNAs under immunosuppressed conditions. The results showed that stress-induced immunosuppression induced differential expressions of the candidate circulating miRNAs, especially at 2 days post immunization (dpi), 14 dpi, and 28 dpi. In addition, stress-induced immunosuppression significantly affected the immune response to NDV vaccine, which was manifested by significant changes in candidate circulating miRNAs at 2 dpi, 5 dpi, and 21 dpi. The featured expressions of candidate circulating miRNAs indicated their potential application as biomarkers in immunity and immunosuppression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the candidate circulating miRNAs possibly regulated immune function through key targeted genes, such as Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1A (PPM1A) and Nemo-like kinase (NLK), in the MAPK signaling pathway. This study provides a theoretical reference for studying the function and mechanism of circulating miRNAs in immune regulation.
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Liu F, Mao Y, Yan J, Sun Y, Xie Z, Li F, Yan F, Zhang H, Zhang P. Bionic Microbubble Neutrophil Composite for Inflammation-Responsive Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaque Pluripotent Intervention. RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9830627. [PMID: 35711673 PMCID: PMC9188677 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9830627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rupture or erosion of inflammatory atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque is essential to acute coronary events, while the target intervene of vulnerable plaque is very challenging, due to the relatively small volume, high hemodynamic shear stress, and multifactorial nature of the lesion foci. Herein, we utilize the biological functionality of neutrophil and the versatility of microbubble in the acoustic field, to form Neu-balloon through CD11b antibody binding. The Neu-balloon inherits the advantage of neutrophils on firming the endothelium adhesion even at shear stress up to 16 dyne/cm2 and also maintains the acoustic enhancement property from the microbubble, to accumulate at atherosclerotic lesions under acoustic in an atherosclerotic Apo E-/- mice model. Interestingly, Neo-balloon also has high and broad drug loading capacity, which enables the delivery of indocyanine green and miR-126a-5p into vulnerable plagues in vivo. Overall, the bionic Neu-balloon holds great potential to boost on-demand drug transportation into plaques in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yang Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, And Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, And Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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