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He J, Cao Y, Zhu Q, Wang X, Cheng G, Wang Q, He R, Lu H, Weng Y, Mao G, Bao Y, Wang J, Liu X, Han F, Shi P, Shen XZ. Renal macrophages monitor and remove particles from urine to prevent tubule obstruction. Immunity 2024; 57:106-123.e7. [PMID: 38159573 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
When the filtrate of the glomerulus flows through the renal tubular system, various microscopic sediment particles, including mineral crystals, are generated. Dislodging these particles is critical to ensuring the free flow of filtrate, whereas failure to remove them will result in kidney stone formation and obstruction. However, the underlying mechanism for the clearance is unclear. Here, using high-resolution microscopy, we found that the juxtatubular macrophages in the renal medulla constitutively formed transepithelial protrusions and "sampled" urine contents. They efficiently sequestered and phagocytosed intraluminal sediment particles and occasionally transmigrated to the tubule lumen to escort the excretion of urine particles. Mice with decreased renal macrophage numbers were prone to developing various intratubular sediments, including kidney stones. Mechanistically, the transepithelial behaviors of medulla macrophages required integrin β1-mediated ligation to the tubular epithelium. These findings indicate that medulla macrophages sample urine content and remove intratubular particles to keep the tubular system unobstructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinge Wang
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rukun He
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoran Lu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuancheng Weng
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhong Bao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Han
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiao Z Shen
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhu Q, Xiao L, Cheng G, He J, Yin C, Wang L, Wang Q, Li L, Wei B, Weng Y, Geng F, Shen XZ, Shi P. Self-maintaining macrophages within the kidney contribute to salt and water balance by modulating kidney sympathetic nerve activity. Kidney Int 2023:S0085-2538(23)00343-5. [PMID: 37224917 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The kidney is critical in controlling salt and water balance, with the interstitium involved with a variety of components including immune cells in steady state. However, the roles of resident immune cells in kidney physiology are largely unknown. To help unravel some of these unknowns, we employed cell fate mapping, and identified a population of embryo-derived self-maintaining macrophages (SM-MØ) that were independent of the bone marrow in adult mouse kidneys. This kidney-specific SM-MØ population was distinctive from the kidney monocyte-derived macrophages in transcriptome and in their distribution. Specifically, the SM-MØ highly expressed nerve-associated genes; high-resolution confocal microscopy revealed that the SM-MØ in the cortex were in close association with sympathetic nerves and there was a dynamical interaction between macrophages and sympathetic nerves when live kidney sections were monitored. Kidney-specific depletion of the SM-MØ resulted in reduced sympathetic distribution and tone, leading to reduced renin secretion, increased glomerular filtration rate and solute diuresis, which caused salt decompensation and significant weight loss under a low-salt diet challenge. Supplementation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine which is converted to norepinephrine in vivo rescued the phenotype of SM-MØ-depleted mice. Thus, our findings provide insights in kidney macrophage heterogeneity and address a non-canonical role of macrophages in kidney physiology. In contrast to the well-appreciated way of central regulation, local regulation of sympathetic nerve distribution and activities in the kidney was uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunyou Yin
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuancheng Weng
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Blood of Transfusion, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Z Shen
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;.
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;.
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