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Khan MT, Almas M, Malik N, Jalota A, Sharma S, Ali SA, Luthra K, Suri V, Suri A, Basak S, Seth P, Chosdol K, Sinha S. STAT1 mediated downregulation of the tumor suppressor gene PDCD4, is driven by the atypical cadherin FAT1, in glioblastoma. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111178. [PMID: 38640981 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
STAT1 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1), belongs to the STAT protein family, essential for cytokine signaling. It has been reported to have either context dependent oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in different tumors. Earlier, we demonstrated that Glioblastoma multiforme (GBMs) overexpressing FAT1, an atypical cadherin, had poorer outcomes. Overexpressed FAT1 promotes pro-tumorigenic inflammation, migration/invasion by downregulating tumor suppressor gene, PDCD4. Here, we demonstrate that STAT1 is a novel mediator downstream to FAT1, in downregulating PDCD4 in GBMs. In-silico analysis of GBM databases as well as q-PCR analysis in resected GBM tumors showed positive correlation between STAT1 and FAT1 mRNA levels. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed poorer survival of GBM patients having high FAT1 and STAT1 expression. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of FAT1 decreased STAT1 and increased PDCD4 expression in glioblastoma cells (LN229 and U87MG). Knockdown of STAT1 alone resulted in increased PDCD4 expression. In silico analysis of the PDCD4 promoter revealed four putative STAT1 binding sites (Site1-Site4). ChIP assay confirmed the binding of STAT1 to site1. ChIP-PCR revealed decrease in the binding of STAT1 on the PDCD4 promoter after FAT1 knockdown. Site directed mutagenesis of Site1 resulted in increased PDCD4 luciferase activity, substantiating STAT1 mediated PDCD4 inhibition. EMSA confirmed STAT1 binding to the Site 1 sequence. STAT1 knockdown led to decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and EMT markers, and reduced migration/invasion of GBM cells. This study therefore identifies STAT1 as a novel downstream mediator of FAT1, promoting pro-tumorigenic activity in GBM, by suppressing PDCD4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tipu Khan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612-7344, USA
| | - Mariyam Almas
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Nargis Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India; Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Akansha Jalota
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, India; Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Shaifali Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sk Asif Ali
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Neuropathalogy Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Ding C, Huang H, Wu D, Chen C, Hua Y, Liu J, Li Y, Liu H, Chen J. Pan-cancer analysis predict that FAT1 is a therapeutic target and immunotherapy biomarker for multiple cancer types including non-small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369073. [PMID: 38855103 PMCID: PMC11157030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
FAT1, a substantial transmembrane protein, plays a pivotal role in cellular adhesion and cell signaling. Numerous studies have documented frequent alterations in FAT1 across various cancer types, with its aberrant expression being linked to unfavorable survival rates and tumor progression. In the present investigation, we employed bioinformatic analyses, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments to elucidate the functional significance of FAT1 in pan-cancer, with a primary focus on lung cancer. Our findings unveiled FAT1 overexpression in diverse cancer types, including lung cancer, concomitant with its association with an unfavorable prognosis. Furthermore, FAT1 is intricately involved in immune-related pathways and demonstrates a strong correlation with the expression of immune checkpoint genes. The suppression of FAT1 in lung cancer cells results in reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These collective findings suggest that FAT1 has potential utility both as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ding
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinghao Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongwen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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3
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Wang TL, Miao XJ, Shuai YR, Sun HP, Wang X, Yang M, Zhang N. FAT1 inhibits the proliferation of DLBCL cells via increasing the m 6A modification of YAP1 mRNA. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11836. [PMID: 38782965 PMCID: PMC11116375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) mutations occur in lymphoma and are associated with poorer overall survival. Considering that diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the category of lymphoma with the highest incidence rate, this study aims to explore the role of FAT1 in DLBCL. The findings demonstrate that FAT1 inhibits the proliferation of DLBCL cell lines by downregulating the expression of YAP1 rather than by altering its cellular localization. Mechanistic analysis via meRIP-qPCR/luciferase reporter assays showed that FAT1 increases the m6A modification of YAP1 mRNA 3'UTR and the subsequent binding of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD) to the m6A modified YAP1 mRNA, thus decreasing the stability of YAP1 mRNA. Furthermore, FAT1 increases YAP1 mRNA 3'UTR m6A modification by decreasing the activity of the TGFβ-Smad2/3 pathway and the subsequent expression of ALKBH5, which is regulated at the transcriptional level by Smad2/3. Collectively, these results reveal that FAT1 inhibits the proliferation of DLBCL cells by increasing the m6A modification of the YAP1 mRNA 3'UTR via the TGFβ-Smad2/3-ALKBH5 pathway. The findings of this study therefore indicate that FAT1 exerts anti-tumor effects in DLBCL and may represent a novel target in the treatment of this form of lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- YAP-Signaling Proteins/metabolism
- YAP-Signaling Proteins/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Long Wang
- Department of Medical, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Miao
- Department of Hematology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disease, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disease, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yan-Rong Shuai
- Department of Hematology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disease, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disease, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Hao-Ping Sun
- Department of Hematology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disease, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disease, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Hematology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disease, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disease, Chengdu, 610083, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disease, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disease, Chengdu, 610083, China.
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Liao J, Chen R, Lin B, Deng R, Liang Y, Zeng J, Ma S, Qiu X. Cross-Talk between the TGF-β and Cell Adhesion Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1307-1320. [PMID: 38818471 PMCID: PMC11134594 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.96274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is strongly associated with the cell adhesion signaling pathway in cell differentiation, migration, etc. Mechanistically, TGF-β is secreted in an inactive form and localizes to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via the latent TGF-β binding protein (LTBP). However, it is the release of mature TGF-β that is essential for the activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway. This progress requires specific integrins (one of the main groups of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)) to recognize and activate the dormant TGF-β. In addition, TGF-β regulates cell adhesion ability through modulating CAMs expression. The aberrant activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway, caused by abnormal expression of key regulatory molecules (such as Smad proteins, certain transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs), promotes tumor invasive and metastasis ability via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the late stages of tumorigenesis. In this paper, we summarize the crosstalk between TGF-β and cell adhesion signaling pathway in cancer and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Rentang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Runhua Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523905, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Sha Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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Lin H, Liu C, Hu A, Zhang D, Yang H, Mao Y. Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:31. [PMID: 38720342 PMCID: PMC11077829 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the predominant and primary malignant intracranial tumor, poses a formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby confounding conventional therapeutic interventions. Despite the established treatment regimen comprising surgical intervention, radiotherapy, temozolomide administration, and the exploration of emerging modalities such as immunotherapy and integration of medicine and engineering technology therapy, the efficacy of these approaches remains constrained, resulting in suboptimal prognostic outcomes. In recent years, intensive scrutiny of the inhibitory and immunosuppressive milieu within GBM has underscored the significance of cellular constituents of the GBM microenvironment and their interactions with malignant cells and neurons. Novel immune and targeted therapy strategies have emerged, offering promising avenues for advancing GBM treatment. One pivotal mechanism orchestrating immunosuppression in GBM involves the aggregation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), glioma-associated macrophage/microglia (GAM), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Among these, MDSCs, though constituting a minority (4-8%) of CD45+ cells in GBM, play a central component in fostering immune evasion and propelling tumor progression, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. MDSCs deploy intricate immunosuppressive mechanisms that adapt to the dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding the interplay between GBM and MDSCs provides a compelling basis for therapeutic interventions. This review seeks to elucidate the immune regulatory mechanisms inherent in the GBM microenvironment, explore existing therapeutic targets, and consolidate recent insights into MDSC induction and their contribution to GBM immunosuppression. Additionally, the review comprehensively surveys ongoing clinical trials and potential treatment strategies, envisioning a future where targeting MDSCs could reshape the immune landscape of GBM. Through the synergistic integration of immunotherapy with other therapeutic modalities, this approach can establish a multidisciplinary, multi-target paradigm, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaxian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanwu Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Chen C, Li Y, Liu H, Liao M, Yang J, Liu J. FAT1 upregulation is correlated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and predicts unfavorable outcome of immune checkpoint therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28356. [PMID: 38560204 PMCID: PMC10979093 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies found that FAT1 was recurrently mutated and aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers, and the loss function of FAT1 promoted the formation of cancer-initiating cells in several cancers. However, in some types of cancer, FAT1 upregulation could lead to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The role of FAT1 in cancer progression, which appears to be cancer-type-specific, is largely unknown. Methods QRT-PCR and immunochemistry were used to verify the expression of FAT1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). QRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the influence of siFAT1 knockdown on the expression of potential targets of FAT1 in NSCLC cell lines. GEPIA, KM-plotter, CAMOIP, and ROC-Plotter were used to evaluate the association between FAT1 and clinical outcomes based on expression and clinical data from TCGA and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) treated cohorts. Results We found that FAT1 upregulation was associated with the activation of TGF-β and EMT signaling pathways in NSCLC. Patients with a high FAT1 expression level tend to have a poor prognosis and hard to benefit from ICI therapy. Genes involved in TGF-β/EMT signaling pathways (SERPINE1, TGFB1/2, and POSTN) were downregulated upon knockdown of FAT1. Genomic and immunologic analysis showed that high cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) abundance, decreased CD8+ T cells infiltration, and low TMB/TNB were correlated with the upregulation of FAT1, thus promoting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) which influence the effect of ICI-therapy. Conclusion Our findings revealed the pattern of FAT1 upregulation in the TME of patients with NSCLC, and demonstrated its utility as a biomarker for unfavorable clinical outcomes, thereby providing a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Mengying Liao
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Jianyi Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Jixian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
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DING C, ZHAO W, HUANG H, LI Y, ZHANG Z, ZHANG R, WANG Y, WU D, CHEN C, LIU H, CHEN J. [Expression of FAT1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Its Relationship
with Immune Cell Infiltration]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2024; 27:109-117. [PMID: 38453442 PMCID: PMC10918241 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.102.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological subtype, with adenocarcinoma being the predominant type. FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) is a receptor-like protein with a high frequency of mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. The protein encoded by FAT1 plays a crucial role in processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. This study aims to investigate the expression of FAT1 in lung adenocarcinoma and its relationship with immune infiltration. METHODS Gene expression levels and relevant clinical information of 513 lung adenocarcinoma samples and 397 adjacent lung samples were obtained through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data. The mRNA expression levels of the FAT1 gene in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were analyzed, along with its association with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted to explore the signaling pathways regulated by the FAT1 gene. Immunoblotting was used to detect the differential expression of FAT1 in lung epithelial cells and various lung cancer cell lines, while immunohistochemistry was employed to assess FAT1 expression in lung cancer and adjacent tissues. RESULTS FAT1 gene mutations were identified in 14% of lung adenocarcinoma patients. TCGA database data revealed significantly higher FAT1 mRNA expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared to adjacent lung tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated lower survival rates in lung adenocarcinoma patients with higher FAT gene expression. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested the involvement of FAT1 in tumor development pathways, and its expression was closely associated with immune cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical validation demonstrated significantly higher expression of FAT1 in cancer tissues compared to adjacent lung tissues. CONCLUSIONS FAT1 mRNA is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and elevated FAT1 mRNA expression is associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients. FAT1 may serve as a potential biomarker for lung cancer.
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Akshay A, Besic M, Kuhn A, Burkhard FC, Bigger-Allen A, Adam RM, Monastyrskaya K, Hashemi Gheinani A. Machine Learning-Based Classification of Transcriptome Signatures of Non-Ulcerative Bladder Pain Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1568. [PMID: 38338847 PMCID: PMC10855300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) presents a global health challenge with symptoms impacting a substantial percentage of the population. The absence of reliable biomarkers complicates the accurate classification of LUTD subtypes with shared symptoms such as non-ulcerative Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS) and overactive bladder caused by bladder outlet obstruction with Detrusor Overactivity (DO). This study introduces a machine learning (ML)-based approach for the identification of mRNA signatures specific to non-ulcerative BPS. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) transcriptome data from bladder biopsies of patients with BPS, benign prostatic obstruction with DO, and controls, our statistical approach successfully identified 13 candidate genes capable of discerning BPS from control and DO patients. This set was validated using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (QPCR) in a larger patient cohort. To confirm our findings, we applied both supervised and unsupervised ML approaches to the QPCR dataset. A three-mRNA signature TPPP3, FAT1, and NCALD, emerged as a robust classifier for non-ulcerative BPS. The ML-based framework used to define BPS classifiers establishes a solid foundation for comprehending the gene expression changes in the bladder during BPS and serves as a valuable resource and methodology for advancing signature identification in other fields. The proposed ML pipeline demonstrates its efficacy in handling challenges associated with limited sample sizes, offering a promising avenue for applications in similar domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Akshay
- Functional Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (A.A.); (M.B.); (F.C.B.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Besic
- Functional Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (A.A.); (M.B.); (F.C.B.)
| | - Annette Kuhn
- Department of Gynaecology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Fiona C. Burkhard
- Functional Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (A.A.); (M.B.); (F.C.B.)
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alex Bigger-Allen
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.B.-A.); (R.M.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rosalyn M. Adam
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.B.-A.); (R.M.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Katia Monastyrskaya
- Functional Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (A.A.); (M.B.); (F.C.B.)
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Hashemi Gheinani
- Functional Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (A.A.); (M.B.); (F.C.B.)
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.B.-A.); (R.M.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Zhang N, Shen MY, Meng QL, Sun HP, Fan FY, Yi H, Yang YJ. FAT1 inhibits AML autophagy and proliferation via downregulating ATG4B expression. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130519. [PMID: 37952564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging studies have shown that FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) and autophagy separately inhibits and promotes acute myeloid leukemia (AML) proliferation. However, it is unknown whether FAT1 were associated with autophagy in regulating AML proliferation. METHODS AML cell lines, 6-week-old male nude mice and AML patient samples were used in this study. qPCR/Western blot and cell viability/3H-TdR incorporation assays were separately used to detect mRNA/protein levels and cell activity/proliferation. Luciferase reporter assay was used to examine gene promoter activity. Co-IP analysis was used to detect the binding of proteins. RESULTS In this study, we for the first time demonstrated that FAT1 inhibited AML proliferation by decreasing AML autophagy level. Moreover, FAT1 weakened AML autophagy level via decreasing autophagy related 4B (ATG4B) expression. Mechanistically, we found that FAT1 reduced the phosphorylated and intranuclear SMAD family member 2/3 (smad2/3) protein levels, thus decreasing the activity of ATG4B gene promoter. Furthermore, we found that FAT1 competitively bound to TGF-βR II which decreased the binding of TGF-βR II to TGF-βR I and the subsequent phosphorylation of TGF-βR I, thus reducing the phosphorylation and intranuclear smad2/3. The experiments in nude mice showed that knockdown of FAT1 promoted AML autophagy and proliferation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results revealed that FAT1 downregulates ATG4B expression via inhibiting TGFβ-smad2/3 signaling activity, thus decreasing the autophagy level and proliferation activity of AML cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our study suggested that the "FAT1-TGFβ-smad2/3-ATG4B-autophagy" pathway may be a novel target for developing new targeted drugs to AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Meng-Yu Shen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430012, China
| | - Qing-Li Meng
- Department of Hematology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Hao-Ping Sun
- Department of Hematology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Fang-Yi Fan
- Department of Hematology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Hai Yi
- Department of Hematology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Yong-Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China.
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Shi L, Wang Z, Rong J, Fei X, Li X, He B, Gong W, Qian J. Inhibition of TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gliomas by DMC-HA. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:15183-15195. [PMID: 38154100 PMCID: PMC10781457 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
DMC-HA, a novel HDAC inhibitor, has previously demonstrated antiproliferative activity against various cancers, including gliomas. However, the role of DMC-HA in the regulation of EMT and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the effects of DMC-HA on TGF-β1-induced EMT in human gliomas and the underlying mechanisms involved. Our results showed that TGF-β1 induced EMT of U87 and U251 cells, leading to a decrease in epithelial marker ZO-1 and an increase in mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and Vimentin. Moreover, TGF-β1 treatment resulted in a significant increase in the migratory and invasive abilities of the cells. However, treatment with DMC-HA effectively inhibited the augmented migration and invasion of glioma cells induced by TGF-β1. Additionally, DMC-HA inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT by suppressing canonical Smad pathway and non-canonical TGF-β/Akt and Erk signalling pathways. These findings suggest that DMC-HA has potential therapeutic implications for gliomas by inhibiting EMT progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215300, P.R. China
| | - Jun Rong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuancheng People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Xuancheng Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Anhui 242099, P.R. China
| | - Xifeng Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215028, P.R. China
| | - Xuetao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215300, P.R. China
| | - Bao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, P.R. China
| | - Weiyi Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, P.R. China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuancheng People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Xuancheng Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Anhui 242099, P.R. China
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11
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Yang YC, Zhu Y, Sun SJ, Zhao CJ, Bai Y, Wang J, Ma LT. ROS regulation in gliomas: implications for treatment strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259797. [PMID: 38130720 PMCID: PMC10733468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are one of the most common primary malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS), of which glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and destructive type. The glioma tumour microenvironment (TME) has unique characteristics, such as hypoxia, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumour neovascularization. Therefore, the traditional treatment effect is limited. As cellular oxidative metabolites, ROS not only promote the occurrence and development of gliomas but also affect immune cells in the immune microenvironment. In contrast, either too high or too low ROS levels are detrimental to the survival of glioma cells, which indicates the threshold of ROS. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of ROS production and scavenging, the threshold of ROS, and the role of ROS in the glioma TME can provide new methods and strategies for glioma treatment. Current methods to increase ROS include photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), etc., and methods to eliminate ROS include the ingestion of antioxidants. Increasing/scavenging ROS is potentially applicable treatment, and further studies will help to provide more effective strategies for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Health, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Jia Sun
- Department of Postgraduate Work, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Can-Jun Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical and Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
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12
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Malik N, Kundu A, Gupta Y, Irshad K, Arora M, Goswami S, Mahajan S, Sarkar C, Suri V, Suri A, Chattopadhyay P, Sinha S, Chosdol K. Protumorigenic role of the atypical cadherin FAT1 by the suppression of PDCD10 via RelA/miR221-3p/222-3p axis in glioblastoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1817-1831. [PMID: 37606187 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The atypical cadherin FAT1 function either as a pro or antitumorigenic in tumors of different tissue origins. Our group previously demonstrated the protumorigenic nature of FAT1 signaling in glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we investigated how FAT1 influences the expression of clustered oncomiRs (miR-221-3p/miR-222-3p) and their downstream effects in GBM. Through several experiments involving the measurement of specific gene/microRNA expression, gene knockdowns, protein and cellular assays, we have demonstrated a novel oncogenic signaling pathway mediated by FAT1 in glioma. These results have been verified using antimiRs and miR-mimic assays. Initially, in glioma-derived cell lines (U87MG and LN229), we observed FAT1 as a novel up-regulator of the transcription factor NFκB-RelA. RelA then promotes the expression of the clustered-oncomiRs, miR-221-3p/miR-222-3p, which in turn suppresses the expression of the tumor suppressor gene (TSG), PDCD10 (Programmed cell death protein10). The suppression of PDCD10, and other known TSG targets (PTEN/PUMA), by miR-221-3p/miR-222-3p, leads to increased clonogenicity, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Consistent with our in-vitro findings, we observed a positive expression correlation of FAT1 and miR-221-3p, and an inverse correlation of FAT1 and the miR-targets (PDCD10/PTEN/PUMA), in GBM tissue-samples. These findings were also supported by publicly available GBM databases (The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA] and The Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data [Rembrandt]). Patients with tumors displaying high levels of FAT1 and miR-221-3p expression (50% and 65% respectively) experienced shorter overall survival. Similar results were observed in the TCGA-GBM database. Thus, our findings show a novel FAT1/RelA/miR-221/miR-222 oncogenic-effector pathway that downregulates the TSG, PDCD10, in GBM, which could be targeted therapeutically in a specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archismita Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yakhlesh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manvi Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Mahajan
- Neuropathology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Neuropathology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Neuropathology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Chen J, Feng D, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Yuan M, Xu Y, Zou J, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Ge C, Wang Y. A Novel Phenazine Analog, CPUL1, Suppresses Autophagic Flux and Proliferation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insight from Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051607. [PMID: 36900398 PMCID: PMC10001020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CPUL1, a phenazine analog, has demonstrated potent antitumor properties against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and indicates a promising prospect in pharmaceutical development. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure. METHODS Multiple HCC cell lines were used to investigate the in vitro effects of CPUL1. The antineoplastic properties of CPUL1 were assessed in vivo by establishing a xenograft nude mice model. After that, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and bioinformatics were integrated to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of CPUL1, highlighting an unanticipated involvement of autophagy dysregulation. RESULTS CPUL1 suppressed HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, thereby endorsing the potential as a leading agent for HCC therapy. Integrative omics characterized a deteriorating scenario of metabolic debilitation with CPUL1, presenting an issue in the autophagy contribution of autophagy. Subsequent observations indicated that CPUL1 treatment could impede autophagic flow by suppressing autophagosome degradation rather than its formation, which supposedly exacerbated cellular damage triggered by metabolic impairment. Moreover, the observed late autophagosome degradation may be attributed to lysosome dysfunction, which is essential for the final stage of autophagy and cargo disposal. CONCLUSIONS Our study comprehensively profiled the anti-hepatoma characteristics and molecular mechanisms of CPUL1, highlighting the implications of progressive metabolic failure. This could partially be ascribed to autophagy blockage, which supposedly conveyed nutritional deprivation and intensified cellular vulnerability to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqin Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dong Feng
- Nanjing Southern Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hanxiang Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Man Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianjun Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yubing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Chun Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (Y.W.)
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14
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The diverse functions of FAT1 in cancer progression: good, bad, or ugly? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:248. [PMID: 35965328 PMCID: PMC9377080 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) is among the most frequently mutated genes in many types of cancer. Its highest mutation rate is found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in which FAT1 is the second most frequently mutated gene. Thus, FAT1 has great potential to serve as a target or prognostic biomarker in cancer treatment. FAT1 encodes a member of the cadherin-like protein family. Under normal physiological conditions, FAT1 serves as a molecular "brake" on mitochondrial respiration and acts as a receptor for a signaling pathway regulating cell-cell contact interaction and planar cell polarity. In many cancers, loss of FAT1 function promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the formation of cancer initiation/stem-like cells. However, in some types of cancer, overexpression of FAT1 leads to EMT. The roles of FAT1 in cancer progression, which seems to be cancer-type specific, have not been clarified. To further study the function of FAT1 in cancers, this review summarizes recent relevant literature regarding this protein. In addition to phenotypic alterations due to FAT1 mutations, several signaling pathways and tumor immune systems known or proposed to be regulated by this protein are presented. The potential impact of detecting or targeting FAT1 mutations on cancer treatment is also prospectively discussed.
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