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Che B, Yuan S, Zhang H, Zhai J, Zhang Y, Wu C, Tang K. Causal inference between pernicious anemia and cancers: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:586. [PMID: 38741062 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational study investigated the association between pernicious anemia (PA) and cancers. However, with the exception of gastric cancer, the results are mostly contradictory. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential causal relationship between PA and cancers through bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomized (MR) analysis. METHODS The European sample FinnGen project provided the genetic summary data for PA and 20 site-specific cancers. This bidirectional two-sample MR design mainly used the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method to evaluate the causal relationship between PA and cancer risk. Benjamini-Hochberg correction was performed to reduce the bias caused by multiple tests. RESULTS Our study shows that there was a causal relationship between PA and gastric cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer and malignant melanoma of skin, and there was a reverse causal relationship between prostate cancer or gastric cancer and PA (P < 0.05). After Benjamini-Hochberg correction test, there was still a causal correlation between PA and gastric or prostate cancer (P' < 0.05), while there was only an implied causal association between PA and testicular cancer and malignant melanoma of skin (P'> 0.05). There was still a reverse causal relationship between gastric cancer and PA (P'< 0.05), while prostate cancer shows an implied reverse causal relationship(P'> 0.05). In addition, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO tests showed no significant horizontal pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS PA may be genetically associated with testicular cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, and malignant melanoma of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangwei Che
- Department of Urology & Andrology, The First Affiliated of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Shenglan Yuan
- The First Clinical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Physical examination center, The First Affiliated of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhai
- Department of Urology & Andrology, The First Affiliated of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Chuanchuan Wu
- The First Clinical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Kaifa Tang
- Department of Urology & Andrology, The First Affiliated of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Gao Y, Zhou L, Su Q, Li Q. Identification of Lung Adenocarcinoma Subtypes Based on MHC-II Gene Expression Profile and Immunological Analysis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38636483 DOI: 10.1159/000538056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major histocompatibility complex class II molecule (MHC-II) is pivotal in anti-tumor immunity, and targeting MHC-II in tumors may help improve patient survival. But function of MHC-II in the immunotherapy and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients has not been thoroughly studied and reported. METHODS We selected LUAD-related MHC-II genes from public databases based on previous literature reports. We identified different subtypes according to expression differences of these genes in different LUAD samples through cluster analysis. We used R package to conduct a series of analyses on different subtypes, exploring their survival differences, gene expression differences, pathway enrichment differences, and differences in immune characteristics and immune therapy. Finally, we screened potential drugs from the cMAP database. RESULTS We identified two MHC-II-related LUAD subtypes. Our analyses presented that patients with cluster2 subtype showed better prognosis, higher immune scores, higher levels of immune cell infiltration and immune function activation. In addition, patients with this subtype had higher immunophenoscore, lower TIDE scores, and DEPTH scores. We also identified 10 small molecule drugs, such as lenalidomide, VX-745, and tyrphostin-AG-1295. CONCLUSION Overall, MHC-II is not only a potential biomarker for accurately distinguishing LUAD subtypes but also a predictive factor for their survival. Our study offers novel insights into understanding of impact of MHC-II in LUAD and offers a new perspective for improving the accurate classification of LUAD patients and enhancing drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcai Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Qiong Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery Medicine, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
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Alexandraki KI, Spyroglou A, Xekouki P, Bramis KI, Kyriakopoulos G, Barkas K, Papanikolaou IS, Mastorakos G, Konstadoulakis M. When rare diseases crisscross within the same patient: von Hippel-Lindau and type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumor. Hormones (Athens) 2024:10.1007/s42000-024-00556-9. [PMID: 38619811 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Von-Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is a genetic multisystem disorder characterized by visceral cysts and benign and malignant tumors in various organs. Herein, we present the case of a 23-year-old woman with VHL presenting with multiple gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (gNENs) type 1 in the context of chronic autoimmune gastritis (CAG). Although gNENs are not acknowledged as a typical entity in VHL patients, in the present case, gNENs were composed of neoplastic cells with clear cytoplasm usually seen in tumors related to VHL disease. We additionally performed a literature review on the presence of neuroendocrine clear cell tumors and report on further cases of clear cell NENs. The present case illustrates that clear-cell transformation in gNENs may be due to the dual genetic background of the patient; the real oncogenic stimulus may be more closely related to CAG than to VHL disease accompanied by an interplay between neoplastic and autoimmune processes. Therefore, close monitoring of patients with clear cell NENs appears to be important before excluding VHL disease, even in the context of phenotypically unrelated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystallenia I Alexandraki
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ariadni Spyroglou
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Xekouki
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete School of Medicine, Voutes, Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Bramis
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Barkas
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Nikaia-Peiraia, Agios Panteleimon, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Papanikolaou
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manousos Konstadoulakis
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Elkoshi Z. TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and TGF-β/Smad pathway reactivity regulate the link between allergic diseases, cancer risk, and metabolic dysregulations. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371753. [PMID: 38629073 PMCID: PMC11019030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of cancer is higher in patients with asthma compared to those with allergic rhinitis for many types of cancer, except for certain cancers where a contrasting pattern is observed. This study offers a potential explanation for these observations, proposing that the premalignant levels of circulating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), IL-1β, and IL-6 as well as the reactivity of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway at the specific cancer site, are crucial factors contributing to the observed disparities. Circulating TGF-β, IL- β and IL-6 levels also help clarify why asthma is positively associated with obesity, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and insulin resistance, whereas allergic rhinitis is negatively linked to these conditions. Furthermore, TGF-β/Smad pathway reactivity explains the dual impact of obesity, increasing the risk of certain types of cancer while offering protection against other types of cancer. It is suggested that the association of asthma with cancer and metabolic dysregulations is primarily linked to the subtype of neutrophilic asthma. A binary classification of TGF-β activity as either high (in the presence of IL-1β and IL-6) or low (in the presence or absence of IL-1β and IL-6) is proposed to differentiate between allergy patients prone to cancer and metabolic dysregulations and those less prone. Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, the two major metabolic pathways utilized by cells for energy exploitation, potentially underlie this dichotomous classification by reprogramming metabolic pathways in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Research and Development Department, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Haifa, Israel
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Soldin I, Pereira N. Autoimmunity and Cancer: Two Stations on the Same Continuum. Cureus 2024; 16:e54317. [PMID: 38496074 PMCID: PMC10944658 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmunity has been associated with different types of cancer, including hematological malignancies like lymphomas, and solid tumors. Additionally, the potential role of medication-induced immunosuppression should be considered. AIM Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between autoimmunity and the development of cancer, as well as the impact of immunosuppressive drugs on increasing cancer risk. METHODS The study sample was composed of patients who developed cancer after the administration of biological agents for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Selected patients were treated in our hospital between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2021 and followed up in internal medicine, gastroenterology, or dermatology consult. From 434 patients with autoimmune diseases using biological agents, only 20 developed cancer, which was our final study sample. The data analysis was performed using the IQVIR package version 2.0.2 (IQVIA, Durham, NC). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS We found a significant correlation between long-term corticosteroid therapy and an increased risk of cancer. However, the effect of biological therapies on cancer risk was not statistically significant. It's worth noting that our sample size was small, so we cannot extrapolate these findings. CONCLUSIONS Physicians need to be aware that treating autoimmune diseases with immunosuppressive therapies may contribute to the development of cancer. Further research is needed to determine the impact of such treatments on cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Soldin
- Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, PRT
| | - Nídia Pereira
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, PRT
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Wang L, Li P, Zhang X, Gu Z, Pan X, Wu Y, Li H. The role of basic leucine zipper transcription factor E4BP4 in cancer: a review and update. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:91. [PMID: 38193973 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the genes of tumor cells and the disorder of immune microenvironment are the main factors of tumor development. The sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs affect the treatment of tumor. Nuclear transcription factor E4BP4 is dysregulated in a variety of malignant tumors. It can suppress the transcription of NFKBIA, RASSF8, SOSTDC1, FOXO-induced genes (TRAIL, FAS, GADD45a and GADD45b) and Hepcidin, up-regulate RCAN1-1 and PRNP, activate mTOR and p38 in cancer cells. Also, E4BP4 can regulate tumor immune microenvironment. TGFb1/Smad3/E4BP4/ IFNγ axis in NK cells plays an important role in antitumor immunotherapy. Over expression of E4BP4 inhibited the development of Th17 cells by directly binding to the RORγt promoter. Moreover, recent studies have shown that E4BP4 inhibited the expression of multidrug resistance genes. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism of E4BP4 in cancer cellular process, the effects of E4BP4 in cancer immunotherapy and antitumor drug resistance, to provide theoretical basis for tumor treatment strategies targeting E4BP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peifen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenwu Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Ghanem P, Murray JC, Marrone KA, Scott SC, Feliciano JL, Lam VK, Hann CL, Ettinger DS, Levy BP, Forde PM, Shah AA, Mecoli C, Brahmer J, Cappelli LC. Improved lung cancer clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003471. [PMID: 37914179 PMCID: PMC10619011 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Concomitant autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) can add morbidity and complicate treatment decisions for patients with lung cancer. We evaluated the tumour characteristics at diagnosis and clinical outcomes in lung cancer patients with or without ARD. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 10 963 patients with lung cancer, treated at Johns Hopkins. Clinical data including tumour characteristics and outcomes were extracted from the cancer registry. Data on patients' history of 20 ARD were extracted from the electronic medical record. Logistic regression was used to compare tumour characteristics between those with and without ARD; Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were performed to compare survival outcomes. RESULTS ARD was present in 3.6% of patients (n=454). The mean age at diagnosis was 69 (SD 10) and 68 (SD 12) in patients with and without ARD (p=0.02). Female sex and smoking history were significantly associated with a history of ARD (OR: 1.75, OR: 1.46, p<0.05). Patients with ARD were more likely to be diagnosed with stage 1 lung cancer (36.8% vs 26.9%, p<0.001) and with smaller tumour size (OR: 0.76, p=0.01), controlling for sex, race and histology. Notably, lung cancer patients with ARD had a significantly prolonged median overall survival (OS) (7.11 years vs 1.7 years, p<0.001), independent of stage. CONCLUSION Patients with ARD and lung cancer had better OS compared with their counterparts, independent of cancer stage and treatments and were less likely to have advanced stage lung cancer at diagnosis. Additional studies are needed to investigate the differential immunological anti-tumour immune activity and genomic variations in patients with and without ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ghanem
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph C Murray
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen A Marrone
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan C Scott
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josephine L Feliciano
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vincent K Lam
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine L Hann
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David S Ettinger
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin P Levy
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick M Forde
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ami A Shah
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Mecoli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie Brahmer
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura C Cappelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Carbone ML, Capone A, Guercio M, Reddel S, Silvestris DA, Lulli D, Ramondino C, Peluso D, Quintarelli C, Volpe E, Failla CM. Insight into immune profile associated with vitiligo onset and anti-tumoral response in melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197630. [PMID: 37680638 PMCID: PMC10482109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is an efficient treatment for metastatic melanoma. Development of vitiligo upon immunotherapy represents a specific immune-related adverse event (irAE) diagnosed in 15% of patients and associated with a positive clinical response. Therefore, a detailed characterization of immune cells during vitiligo onset in melanoma patients would give insight into the immune mechanisms mediating both the irAE and the anti-tumor response. Methods To better understand these aspects, we analyzed T cell subsets from peripheral blood of metastatic melanoma patients undergoing treatment with anti-programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 antibodies. To deeply characterize the antitumoral T cell response concomitant to vitiligo onset, we analyzed T cell content in skin biopsies collected from melanoma patients who developed vitiligo. Moreover, to further characterize T cells in vitiligo skin lesion of melanoma patients, we sequenced T cell receptor (TCR) of cells derived from biopsies of vitiligo and primary melanoma of the same patient. Results and discussion Stratification of patients for developing or not developing vitiligo during anti-PD-1 therapy revealed an association between blood reduction of CD8-mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT), T helper (h) 17, natural killer (NK) CD56bright, and T regulatory (T-reg) cells and vitiligo onset. Consistently with the observed blood reduction of Th17 cells in melanoma patients developing vitiligo during immunotherapy, we found high amount of IL-17A expressing cells in the vitiligo skin biopsy, suggesting a possible migration of Th17 cells from the blood into the autoimmune lesion. Interestingly, except for a few cases, we found different TCR sequences between vitiligo and primary melanoma lesions. In contrast, shared TCR sequences were identified between vitiligo and metastatic tissues of the same patient. These data indicate that T cell response against normal melanocytes, which is involved in vitiligo onset, is not typically mediated by reactivation of specific T cell clones infiltrating primary melanoma but may be elicited by T cell clones targeting metastatic tissues. Altogether, our data indicate that anti-PD-1 therapy induces a de novo immune response, stimulated by the presence of metastatic cells, and composed of different T cell subtypes, which may trigger the development of vitiligo and the response against metastatic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luigia Carbone
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Capone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Santa Lucia Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Guercio
- Department of Oncology-Hematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Reddel
- Department of Oncology-Hematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Lulli
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Ramondino
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Peluso
- Department of Biology, University “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Oncology-Hematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Volpe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Santa Lucia Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Maria Failla
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Pan Z, Zhang Y, Xu X, Sheng Y, Zhu Z, Zhou F, Wen L. Transcriptome sequencing reveals novel molecular features of SLE severity. Front Genet 2023; 14:1121359. [PMID: 37554401 PMCID: PMC10406386 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1121359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibodies, immune complex deposition, and tissue/organ damage. In this study, we aimed to identify molecular features and signaling pathways associated with SLE severity using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and clinical parameters. Methods: We analyzed transcriptome profiles of 45 SLE patients, grouped into mild (mSLE, SLEDAI ≤ 9) and severe (sSLE, SLEDAI > 9) based on SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores. We also collected clinical data on anti-dsDNA, ANA, ESR, CRP, snRNP, AHA, and anti-Smith antibody status for each patient. Results: By comparing gene expression across groups, we identified 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 7 upregulated (CEACAM6, UCHL1, ARFGEF3, AMPH, SERPINB10, TACSTD2, and OTX1) and 5 downregulated (SORBS2, TRIM64B, SORCS3, DRAXIN, and PCDHGA10) DEGs in sSLE compared to mSLE. Furthermore, using the CIBERSORT algorithm, we found that Treg cells were significantly decreased in sSLE and negatively correlated with AMPH expression, which was mainly expressed in Treg cells from SLE patients according to public scRNA-seq data (GSE135779). Discussion: Overall, our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying SLE severity and provide insight into potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaobing Pan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yujun Sheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Leilei Wen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Tufail M, Wu C. Exploring the Burden of Cancer in Pakistan: An Analysis of 2019 Data. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:333-343. [PMID: 37185935 PMCID: PMC10272049 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a growing burden in Pakistan in recent times, posing a significant cause for concern. The World Health Organization has reported a steady increase in the incidence of cancer in Pakistan. According to the present study, breast cancer (24.1%), oral cavity (9.6%), colorectum (4.9%), esophagus (4.2%), and liver cancer (3.9%) were the five most prevalent cancers. Males were more likely to have oral cavity cancer (14.9%), colorectum cancer (6.8%), liver cancer (6.4%), prostate cancer (6.0%), and lung cancer (6.0%). In women (41.6%), breast (6.9%), oral cavity (5.5%), cervix (4.7%), and uterus cancer (4.1%) were the most common cancers. Middle-aged people (43.0%) were most likely to develop cancer, followed by seniors (30.0%) and adults (20.0%). Children and adolescents were most likely to develop cancers of the central nervous system (CNS), leukemia (18.7%), and Hodgkin (17.3%), followed by breast, oral cavity, colorectum, and prostate at other ages. Most patients were from Punjab (40.4%) and Sindh (32.2%). Approximately 30.0% of patients were diagnosed at stage III and stage IV. In terms of registered cases, breast cancer, oral cavity cancer, colon cancer, esophagus cancer, and liver cancer are among the highest. In the future, this information may prove useful for assessing the effectiveness of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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11
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Yunusova NV, Popova NO, Udintseva IN, Klyushina TS, Kazantseva DV, Smirnova LP. The Role of Intravesicular Proteins and the Protein Corona of Extracellular Vesicles in the Development of Drug-Induced Polyneuropathy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3302-3314. [PMID: 37185740 PMCID: PMC10136474 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as membrane structures of cellular origin participating in intercellular communication are involved in the molecular mechanisms of the development of various variants of polyneuropathy. Taking into account the increasing role of the protein corona of EVs and protein-protein interactions on the surface of EVs in the pathogenesis of various diseases, we focused our attention in this review on the role of intravesicular proteins and the protein corona of EVs in the development of chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy (CIPN). It has been shown that EVs are effectively internalized by the mechanisms of endocytosis and macropinocytosis by neurocytes and glial cells, carry markers of insulin resistance, functionally active proteins (receptors, cytokines, enzymes), and may be involved in the pathogenesis of CIPN. The mechanisms of CIPN associated with the EVs protein corona can be related with the accumulation of heavy chains of circulating IgG in it. G-class immunoglobulins in EVs are likely to have myelin hydrolyzing, superoxide dismutase, and oxidoreductase enzymatic activities. Moreover, circulating IgG-loaded EVs are a place for complement activation that can lead to membrane attack complex deposition in neuroglia and neurons. The mechanisms of CIPN development that are not associated with IgG in the EVs protein corona are somehow related to the fact that many anticancer drugs induce apoptosis of tumor cells, neurons, and neuroglial cells by various mechanisms. This process may be accompanied by the secretion of EVs with modified cargo (HSPs, 20S proteasomes, miRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Yunusova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634009, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Natalia O Popova
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634009, Russia
| | - Irina N Udintseva
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634009, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Klyushina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Daria V Kazantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634009, Russia
| | - Liudmila P Smirnova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634009, Russia
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12
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Kim JE, Kim E, Lee JW. Differential ligand binding/trafficking for distinct CTLA-4 fates: is it an expandable mechanism? Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1-2. [PMID: 36357521 PMCID: PMC9794800 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Elkoshi Z. The Contrasting Seasonality Patterns of Some Cancer-Types and Herpes Zoster Can Be Explained by a Binary Classification of Immunological Reactions. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6761-6771. [PMID: 36544697 PMCID: PMC9762256 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s392082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A binary classification of the pathogenic immune reactions as anti-inflammatory high-Treg reactions or pro-inflammatory low-Treg reactions explains both the relatively low incidence rate of several types of cancer, and the relatively high incidence rate of herpes zoster cases diagnosed in the summer compared to cases diagnosed in the winter (in regions with temperate climate). This binary model also elucidates the longer survival of cancer patients diagnosed during the summer compared to these diagnosed in the winter. The three key elements of this explanation are: (a) the effect of sunlight on Treg production; (b) the evolvement of cancer from a low-Treg condition at early stage, to a high-Treg condition at advanced stage, and (c) the evolvement of herpes zoster from a high-Treg condition at pre-exudative stage to a low-Treg condition at acute exudative stage. A significant proportion of indolent tumors at the time of diagnosis (>20%) is a prerequisite for a beneficial effect of sunlight on cancer incidence rate and prognosis. This prerequisite restricts the beneficial effect of diagnosis during summer to certain types of cancer. Clinical implication: the prognosis of early stage tumors may be improved by a course of corticosteroid (or other immunosuppressant) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Research and Development Department, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Haifa, Israel,Correspondence: Zeev Elkoshi, Email
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A Review of the Safety of Interleukin-17A Inhibitor Secukinumab. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111365. [PMID: 36355537 PMCID: PMC9695424 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Secukinumab is an anti-interleukin (IL)-17A IgG1-κ monoclonal antibody approved for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Its efficacy is well documented, but the complete safety profile of secukinumab, especially on long-term use, needs to be studied. IL-17 inhibitors increase the risk of infections, especially respiratory tract infections and candidiasis, and inflammatory bowel disease; the causal relationships are well described. However, evidence regarding the other adverse events is scarce, and causal associations between the adverse events and the biologic remain unresolved. This review aims to present a narrative perspective on the safety of secukinumab and identify some key areas where the safety of secukinumab may potentially be useful in understanding the scope of secukinumab therapy and making informed clinical decisions.
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