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Vitale S, Calapà F, Colonna F, Luongo F, Biffoni M, De Maria R, Fiori ME. Advancements in 3D In Vitro Models for Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2405084. [PMID: 38962943 PMCID: PMC11348154 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The process of drug discovery and pre-clinical testing is currently inefficient, expensive, and time-consuming. Most importantly, the success rate is unsatisfactory, as only a small percentage of tested drugs are made available to oncological patients. This is largely due to the lack of reliable models that accurately predict drug efficacy and safety. Even animal models often fail to replicate human-specific pathologies and human body's complexity. These factors, along with ethical concerns regarding animal use, urge the development of suitable human-relevant, translational in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitale
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
| | - Federica Calapà
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionaleUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
| | - Francesca Colonna
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
| | - Francesca Luongo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionaleUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionaleUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” – IRCCSLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
| | - Micol E. Fiori
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
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2
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Kamrani A, Nasiri H, Hassanzadeh A, Ahmadian Heris J, Mohammadinasab R, Sadeghvand S, Sadeghi M, Valedkarimi Z, Hosseinzadeh R, Shomali N, Akbari M. New immunotherapy approaches for colorectal cancer: focusing on CAR-T cell, BiTE, and oncolytic viruses. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:56. [PMID: 38243252 PMCID: PMC10799490 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality worldwide. There are several potential risk factors responsible for the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer, including age, family history, a history of inflammatory bowel disease, and lifestyle factors such as physical activity and diet. For decades, there has been a vast amount of study on treatment approaches for colorectal cancer, which has led to conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, surgery, etc. Considering the high prevalence and incidence rate, scholars believe there is an urgent need for an alternative, more efficacious treatment with fewer adverse effects than the abovementioned treatments. Immunotherapy has emerged as a potential treatment alternative in a few years and has become one of the fastest-evolving therapeutic methods. Immunotherapy works by activating or enhancing the immune system's power to identify and attack cancerous cells. This review summarizes the most crucial new immunotherapy methods under investigation for colorectal cancer treatment, including Immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, BiTEs, Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and Oncolytic virus therapy. Furthermore, this study discusses the application of combination therapy, precision medicine, biomarker discovery, overcoming resistance, and immune-related adverse effects. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kamrani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinasab
- Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Pediatrics Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tabriz university of medical science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Valedkarimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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3
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Del Duca F, Napoletano G, Volonnino G, Maiese A, La Russa R, Di Paolo M, De Matteis S, Frati P, Bonafè M, Fineschi V. Blood-brain barrier breakdown, central nervous system cell damage, and infiltrated T cells as major adverse effects in CAR-T-related deaths: a literature review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1272291. [PMID: 38259840 PMCID: PMC10800871 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1272291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background CAR-T-related deaths observed worldwide are rare. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are the subject of study, as are the findings that enable diagnosis. A systematic literature search of the PubMed database and a critical review of the collected studies were conducted from the inception of this database until January 2023. The aim of the study is to determine when death is related to CAR-T cell therapy and to develop a shareable diagnostic algorithm. Methods The database was searched by combining and meshing the terms ("CAR-t" OR "CART") AND ("Pathology" OR "Histology" OR "Histological" OR "Autopsy") AND ("Heart" OR "Cardiac" OR "Nervous System" OR "Kidney" OR "Liver") with 34 results and also the terms: [(Lethal effect) OR (Death)] AND (CAR-T therapy) with 52 results in titles, abstracts, and keywords [all fields]. One hundred scientific articles were examined, 14 of which were additional records identified through other sources. Fifteen records were included in the review. Results Neuronal death, neuronal edema, perivascular edema, perivascular and intraparenchymal hemorrhagic extravasation, as well as perivascular plasmatodendrosis, have been observed in cases with fatal cerebral edema. A cross-reactivity of CAR-T cells in cases of fatal encephalopathy can be hypothesized when, in addition to the increased vascular permeability, there is also a perivascular lymphocyte infiltrate, which appears to be a common factor among most authors. Conclusion Most CAR-T-related deaths are associated with blood-brain barrier breakdown, central nervous system cell damage, and infiltrated T cells. Further autopsies and microscopic investigations would shed more light on the lethal toxicity related to CAR-T cells. A differential diagnosis of CAR-T-related death is crucial to identifying adverse events. In this article, we propose an algorithm that could facilitate the comparison of findings through a systematic approach. Despite toxicity cases, CAR-T therapy continues to stand out as the most innovative treatment within the field of oncology, and emerging strategies hold the promise of delivering safer therapies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Del Duca
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Napoletano
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Volonnino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aniello Maiese
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena De Matteis
- Immunobiology of Transplants and Advanced Cellular Therapies Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Immunobiology of Transplants and Advanced Cellular Therapies Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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4
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Wala JA, Hanna GJ. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:1149-1168. [PMID: 37353377 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
We review chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for solid tumors. We discuss patient selection factors and aspects of clinical management. We describe challenges including physical and molecular barriers to trafficking CAR-Ts, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and difficulty finding cell surface target antigens. The application of new approaches in synthetic biology and cellular engineering toward solid tumor CAR-Ts is described. Finally, we summarize reported and ongoing clinical trials of CAR-T therapies for select disease sites such as head and neck (including thyroid cancer), lung, central nervous system (glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, glioma), sarcoma, genitourinary (prostate, renal, bladder, kidney), breast and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A Wala
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building 2nd Floor, Room 2-140, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Glenn J Hanna
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building 2nd Floor, Room 2-140, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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5
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Kleber J, Yang Zhou J, Weber F, Bitterer F, Hauer P, Kupke P, Kronenberg K, Geissler EK, Schlitt HJ, Hornung M, Hutchinson JA, Werner JM. Immune profile of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis selected for CRS-HIPEC therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3867-3873. [PMID: 37580610 PMCID: PMC10576707 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a treatment option for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal cancer (CRC), which is otherwise a terminal stage of disease. Nevertheless, survival outcomes are only marginally superior to other treatments. This fact highlights the need for better strategies to control intra-abdominal disease recurrence after CRS-HIPEC, including the complementary use of immunotherapies. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the immune phenotype of T cells in patients with PC. Fifty three patients with CRC (34 patients with PC and 19 patients without PC) were enrolled in a prospective study (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04108936). Peripheral blood and omental fat were collected to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and adipose tissue mononuclear cells (ATMCs). These cells were analysed by flow cytometry using a panel focused upon T cell memory differentiation and exhaustion markers. We found a more naïve profile for CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and intra-abdominal fat of PC patients compared to comparator group (CG) patients. Furthermore, there was an over-representation of CD4+ T cells expressing inhibitory receptors in adipose tissue of PC patients, but not in blood. Our description of intraperitoneal T cell subsets gives us a better understanding of how peritoneal carcinomatosis shapes local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kleber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jordi Yang Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Institute for Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Bitterer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Hauer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul Kupke
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kronenberg
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hornung
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - James A Hutchinson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens M Werner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Li L, Wang C, Li Q, Guan Y, Zhang X, Kong F, Feng Z, Lu Y, Wang D, Wang N. Exosomes as a modulator of immune resistance in human cancers. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:135-149. [PMID: 37543438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), exosomes secreted by cells form interactive networks between the tumor cells and immune cells, thereby regulating immune signaling cascades in the TME. As key messengers of cell-to-cell communication in the TME, exosomes not only take charge of tumor cell antigen presentation to the immune cells, but also regulate the activities of immune cells, inhibit immune function, and, especially, promote immune resistance, all of which affects the therapeutic outcomes of tumors. Exosomes, which are small-sized vesicles, possess some remarkable advantages, including strong biological activity, a lack of immunogenicity and toxicity, and a strong targeting ability. Based on these characteristics, research on exosomes as biomarkers or carriers of tumor therapeutic drugs has become a research hotspot in related fields. This review describes the role of exosomes in cell communications in the TME, summarizes the effectiveness of exosome-based immunotherapy in overcoming immune resistance in cancer treatment, and systematically summarizes and discusses the characteristics of exosomes from different cell sources. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of exosome-related therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Qiucheng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yue Guan
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Fange Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zixin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Di Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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7
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Greco L, Rubbino F, Dal Buono A, Laghi L. Microsatellite Instability and Immune Response: From Microenvironment Features to Therapeutic Actionability-Lessons from Colorectal Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1169. [PMID: 37372349 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) can be found in 15-20% of all colorectal cancers (CRC) and is the key feature of a defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system. Currently, MSI has been established as a unique and pivotal biomarker in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CRC. MSI tumors display a strong lymphocytic activation and a shift toward a tumoral microenvironment restraining metastatic potential and ensuing in a high responsiveness to immunotherapy of MSI CRC. Indeed, neoplastic cells with an MMR defect overexpress several immune checkpoint proteins, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1), that can be pharmacologically targeted, allowing for the revival the cytotoxic immune response toward the tumor. This review aims to illustrate the role of MSI in the tumor biology of colorectal cancer, focusing on the immune interactions with the microenvironment and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Greco
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Federica Rubbino
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Arianna Dal Buono
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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8
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Wong KK. Integrated transcriptomics and proteomics data analysis identifies CDH17 as a key cell surface target in colorectal cancer. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 105:107897. [PMID: 37247573 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy development against colorectal cancer (CRC) is hindered by the lack of cell surface target highly expressed in cancer cells but with restricted presence in normal tissues to minimize off-tumor toxicities. In this in silico analysis, a longlist of genes (n = 13,488) expressed in CRCs according to the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database were evaluated to shortlist for potential surface targets based on the following prerequisites: (i) Absent from the brain and lung tissues to minimize the likelihood of neurologic and pulmonary toxicities; (ii) Restricted expression profile in other normal human tissues; (iii) Genes that potentially encode cell surface proteins and; (iv) At least moderately expressed in CRC cases. Fifteen potential targets were shortlisted and subsequently ranked according to the combination of their transcript and protein expression levels in CRCs derived from multiple datasets (i.e. DepMap, TCGA, CPTAC-2, and HPA CRCs). The top-ranked target with the highest and homogenous expression in CRCs was cadherin 17 (CDH17). Downstream analysis of CRC transcriptomics and proteomics datasets showed that CDH17 was significantly correlated with carcinoembryonic antigen expression. Moreover, CDH17 expression was significantly lower in CRC cases with high microsatellite instability, as well as negatively associated with immune response gene sets and the expression of MHC class I and II molecules. CDH17 represents an optimal target for therapeutic development against CRCs, and this study provides a novel framework to identify key cell surface targets for therapeutic development against other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia.
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9
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Domínguez-Prieto V, Qian S, Villarejo-Campos P, Meliga C, González-Soares S, Guijo Castellano I, Jiménez-Galanes S, García-Arranz M, Guadalajara H, García-Olmo D. Understanding CAR T cell therapy and its role in ovarian cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1104547. [PMID: 37274261 PMCID: PMC10233107 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide in women and the most lethal gynecologic malignancy due to the lack of accurate screening tools for early detection and late symptom onset. The absence of early-onset symptoms often delays diagnosis until the disease has progressed to advanced stages, frequently when there is peritoneal involvement. Although ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy with different histopathologic types, treatment for advanced tumors is usually based on chemotherapy and cytoreduction surgery. CAR T cells have shown promise for the treatment of hematological malignancies, though their role in treating solid tumors remains unclear. Outcomes are less favorable owing to the low capacity of CAR T cells to migrate to the tumor site, the influence of the protective tumor microenvironment, and the heterogeneity of surface antigens on tumor cells. Despite these results, CAR T cells have been proposed as a treatment approach for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal and gastric origin. Local intraperitoneal administration of CAR T cells has been found to be superior to systemic administration, as this route is associated with increased tumor reduction, a more durable effect, protection against local relapse and distant metastases, and fewer systemic adverse effects. In this article we review the application of CAR T cells for the treatment of ovarian cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siyuan Qian
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cecilia Meliga
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara González-Soares
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mariano García-Arranz
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Guadalajara
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Wei Y, Song D, Wang R, Li T, Wang H, Li X. Dietary fungi in cancer immunotherapy: From the perspective of gut microbiota. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1038710. [PMID: 36969071 PMCID: PMC10032459 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1038710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are recently emerged as a new strategy in treating various kinds of cancers which are insensitive to standard therapies, while the clinical application of immunotherapy is largely compromised by the low efficiency and serious side effects. Gut microbiota has been shown critical for the development of different cancer types, and the potential of gut microbiota manipulation through direct implantation or antibiotic-based depletion in regulating the overall efficacy of cancer immunotherapies has also been evaluated. However, the role of dietary supplementations, especially fungal products, in gut microbiota regulation and the enhancement of cancer immunotherapy remains elusive. In the present review, we comprehensively illustrated the limitations of current cancer immunotherapies, the biological functions as well as underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota manipulation in regulating cancer immunotherapies, and the benefits of dietary fungal supplementation in promoting cancer immunotherapies through gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingka Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Li, ; Hui Wang,
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Li, ; Hui Wang,
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11
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Yu I, Dakwar A, Takabe K. Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Its Future as a Neoadjuvant, Adjuvant, and Primary Treatment in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020258. [PMID: 36672193 PMCID: PMC9856401 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) has made great strides within the past decade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a class of immunotherapy and have been shown to greatly improve patient outcomes in mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) CRC. Now, they are part of the standard of care for this subset of CRC. Because of this, there has been a growing interest in the efficacy and timing of immunotherapy for other subsets of CRC, including locally advanced, metastatic, and microsatellite stable (MSS). In this review, we aim to examine the three main classes of immunotherapy for CRC-immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer therapy (ACT), and tumor vaccines-and discuss the most recent advances and future directions for each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Anthony Dakwar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-845-5128
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