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Szabó E, Faragó A, Bodor G, Gémes N, Puskás LG, Kovács L, Szebeni GJ. Identification of immune subsets with distinct lectin binding signatures using multi-parameter flow cytometry: correlations with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380481. [PMID: 38774868 PMCID: PMC11106380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cell surface glycosylation can influence protein-protein interactions with particular relevance to changes in core fucosylation and terminal sialylation. Glycans are ligands for immune regulatory lectin families like galectins (Gals) or sialic acid immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs). This study delves into the glycan alterations within immune subsets of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Evaluation of binding affinities of Galectin-1, Galectin-3, Siglec-1, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL, recognizing core fucosylation), and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA, specific for α-2,6-sialylation) was conducted on various immune subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from control and SLE subjects. Lectin binding was measured by multi-parameter flow cytometry in 18 manually gated subsets of T-cells, NK-cells, NKT-cells, B-cells, and monocytes in unstimulated resting state and also after 3-day activation. Stimulated pre-gated populations were subsequently clustered by FlowSOM algorithm based on lectin binding and activation markers, CD25 or HLA-DR. Results Elevated AAL, SNA and CD25+/CD25- SNA binding ratio in certain stimulated SLE T-cell subsets correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scores. The significantly increased frequencies of activated AALlow Siglec-1low NK metaclusters in SLE also correlated with SLEDAI-2K indices. In SLE, activated double negative NKTs displayed significantly lower core fucosylation and CD25+/CD25- Siglec-1 binding ratio, negatively correlating with disease activity. The significantly enhanced AAL binding in resting SLE plasmablasts positively correlated with SLEDAI-2K scores. Conclusion Alterations in the glycosylation of immune cells in SLE correlate with disease severity, which might represent potential implications in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Szabó
- Institute of Genetics, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Faragó
- Astridbio Technologies Ltd, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Bodor
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School and Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Institute of Genetics, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- Institute of Genetics, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School and Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Institute of Genetics, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Astridbio Technologies Ltd, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Keisham S, Saito S, Kowashi S, Tateno H. Droplet-Based Glycan and RNA Sequencing for Profiling the Distinct Cellular Glyco-States in Single Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301338. [PMID: 38164999 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plate-based single-cell glycan and RNA sequencing (scGR-seq) is previously developed to realize the integrated analysis of glycome and transcriptome in single cells. However, the sample size is limited to only a few hundred cells. Here, a droplet-based scGR-seq is developed to address this issue by adopting a 10x Chromium platform to simultaneously profile ten thousand cells' glycome and transcriptome in single cells. To establish droplet-based scGR-seq, a comparative analysis of two distinct cell lines is performed: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and normal pancreatic duct cells. Droplet-based scGR-seq revealed distinct glycan profiles between the two cell lines that showed a strong correlation with the results obtained by flow cytometry. Next, droplet-based scGR-seq is applied to a more complex sample: peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) containing various immune cells. The method can systematically map the glycan signature for each immune cell in PBMC as well as glycan alterations by cell lineage. Prediction of the association between the glycan expression and the gene expression using regression analysis ultimately leads to the identification of a glycan epitope that impacts cellular functions. In conclusion, the droplet-based scGR-seq realizes the high-throughput profiling of the distinct cellular glyco-states in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Keisham
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, Multicellular System Regulation Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Sayoko Saito
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, Multicellular System Regulation Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Satori Kowashi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, Multicellular System Regulation Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, Multicellular System Regulation Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
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Muchowicz A, Bartoszewicz A, Zaslona Z. The Exploitation of the Glycosylation Pattern in Asthma: How We Alter Ancestral Pathways to Develop New Treatments. Biomolecules 2024; 14:513. [PMID: 38785919 PMCID: PMC11117584 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma has reached epidemic levels, yet progress in developing specific therapies is slow. One of the main reasons for this is the fact that asthma is an umbrella term for various distinct subsets. Due to its high heterogeneity, it is difficult to establish biomarkers for each subset of asthma and to propose endotype-specific treatments. This review focuses on protein glycosylation as a process activated in asthma and ways to utilize it to develop novel biomarkers and treatments. We discuss known and relevant glycoproteins whose functions control disease development. The key role of glycoproteins in processes integral to asthma, such as inflammation, tissue remodeling, and repair, justifies our interest and research in the field of glycobiology. Altering the glycosylation states of proteins contributing to asthma can change the pathological processes that we previously failed to inhibit. Special emphasis is placed on chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1), an enzyme capable of modifying LacNAc- and LacdiNAc-containing glycans. The expression and activity of CHIT1 are induced in human diseased lungs, and its pathological role has been demonstrated by both genetic and pharmacological approaches. We propose that studying the glycosylation pattern and enzymes involved in glycosylation in asthma can help in patient stratification and in developing personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zbigniew Zaslona
- Molecure S.A., Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland; (A.M.); (A.B.)
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4
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Pascoal C, Francisco R, Mexia P, Pereira BL, Granjo P, Coelho H, Barbosa M, dos Reis Ferreira V, Videira PA. Revisiting the immunopathology of congenital disorders of glycosylation: an updated review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350101. [PMID: 38550576 PMCID: PMC10972870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in several biological processes, such as the immune response. Alterations in glycosylation can modulate the course of various pathologies, such as the case of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of more than 160 rare and complex genetic diseases. Although the link between glycosylation and immune dysfunction has already been recognized, the immune involvement in most CDG remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. In this study, we provide an update on the immune dysfunction and clinical manifestations of the 12 CDG with major immune involvement, organized into 6 categories of inborn errors of immunity according to the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). The immune involvement in phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2)-CDG - the most frequent CDG - was comprehensively reviewed, highlighting a higher prevalence of immune issues during infancy and childhood and in R141H-bearing genotypes. Finally, using PMM2-CDG as a model, we point to links between abnormal glycosylation patterns in host cells and possibly favored interactions with microorganisms that may explain the higher susceptibility to infection. Further characterizing immunopathology and unusual host-pathogen adhesion in CDG can not only improve immunological standards of care but also pave the way for innovative preventive measures and targeted glycan-based therapies that may improve quality of life for people living with CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Pascoal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Francisco
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mexia
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Luís Pereira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Granjo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Coelho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mariana Barbosa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa dos Reis Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Videira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
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Xin Z, Wen X, Zhou M, Lin H, Liu J. Identification of molecular characteristics of FUT8 and alteration of core fucosylation in kidney renal clear cell cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2299-2319. [PMID: 38277230 PMCID: PMC10911337 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney renal clear cell cancer (KIRC) is a type of urological cancer that occurs worldwide. Core fucosylation (CF), as the most common post-translational modification, is involved in the tumorigenesis. METHODS The alterations of CF-related genes were summarized in pan-cancer. The "ConsensusClusterPlus" package was utilized to identify two CF-related KIRC subtypes. The "ssgsea" function was chosen to estimate the CF score, signaling pathways and cell deaths. Multiple algorithms were applied to assess immune responses. The "oncoPredict" was utilized to estimate the drug sensitivity. The IHC and subgroup analysis was performed to reveal the molecular features of FUT8. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were scrutinized to evaluate the CF state. RESULTS In pan-cancer, there was a noticeable alteration in the expression of CF-related genes. In KIRC, two CF-related subtypes (i.e., C1, C2) were obtained. In comparison to C2, C1 exhibited a higher CF score and correlated with poorer overall survival. Additionally, the TME of C2 demonstrated increased activity in neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells, and B cells, alongside a higher presence of silent mast cells, NK cells, and endothelial cells. Compared to normal samples, higher expression of FUT8 is observed in KIRC. The mutation of SETD2 was more frequent in low-FUT8 samples while the mutation of DNAH9 was more frequent in high-FUT8 samples. scRNA-seq analyses revealed that the CF score was predominantly higher in endothelial cells and fibroblast cells. CONCLUSIONS Two CF-related subtypes with distinct prognosis and TME were identified in KIRC. FUT8 exhibited elevated expression in KIRC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Xin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Liaoning Province, The Center for the Transformation Medicine of Kidney Disease of Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Liaoning Province, The Center for the Transformation Medicine of Kidney Disease of Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Mengying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Liaoning Province, The Center for the Transformation Medicine of Kidney Disease of Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Hongli Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Liaoning Province, The Center for the Transformation Medicine of Kidney Disease of Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Mei S, He G, Chen Z, Zhang R, Liao Y, Zhu M, Xu D, Shen Y, Zhou B, Wang K, Wang C, Zhu E, Chen C. Probiotic-Fermented Distillers Grain Alters the Rumen Microbiome, Metabolome, and Enzyme Activity, Enhancing the Immune Status of Finishing Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3774. [PMID: 38136811 PMCID: PMC10740804 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 30 Simmental crossbred cattle (6.50 months old, 265.0 ± 22.48 kg) were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 heads per group, and fed for 45 days. The diet treatments consisted of the Control group without PFDG supplementation, the PFDG-15% group with 15% PFDG substituting for 15% concentrate, and PFDG-30% group with 30% PFDG substituting for 30% concentrate. The results showed that compared with the Control group, the average daily gain (ADG) of the cattle in the PFDG-30% group decreased significantly (0.890 vs. 0.768 kg/d, p = 0.005). The serum malondialdehyde content of cattle in the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups decreased significantly (p = 0.047) compared to that of the Control group. However, the serum superoxide dismutase activity of cattle in the PFDG-30% group was significantly higher than that of the Control group (p = 0.047). Meanwhile, both the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups (1758.47 vs. 2061.30 μg/mL) showed higher serum levels of immunoglobulin G, while the interleukin-10 concentration was lower in the PFDG-30% group (p = 0.027). In addition, the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups shifted the rumen microbiota by improving the abundances of F082 (related to propionic acid production) and fiber-degrading bacteria (Lachnospiraceae_UGG-009 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001) and reducing the abundance of the disease-associated bacteria Selenomonas. A Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis illustrated that three key metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism, were enriched in the PFDG-15% group, but eight key metabolic pathways, including arachidonic acid metabolism, were enriched in the PFDG-30% group. Importantly, both the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups increased (p < 0.01) the activities of cellulase, lipase, and protease in the rumen. Finally, the different bacterial abundance in the rumen was associated with changes in the ADG, serum antioxidant capacity, immune status, rumen enzyme activity, and metabolites. These results suggest that PFDG alters rumen microbiome abundance, metabolome, and enzyme activity for enhancing serum antioxidant capacity and the immune status, but when the supplemental level reaches 30%, it has a negative effect on ADG and the anti-inflammatory factors in finishing cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.M.); (G.H.); (Z.C.); (R.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (D.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Z.); (K.W.); (C.W.); (E.Z.)
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Nimmerjahn F, Vidarsson G, Cragg MS. Effect of posttranslational modifications and subclass on IgG activity: from immunity to immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1244-1255. [PMID: 37414906 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses are characterized by complex mixtures of polyclonal antibody species varying in their isotype, target epitope specificity and affinity. Posttranslational modifications occurring during antibody production in both the antibody variable and constant domain create further complexity and can modulate antigen specificity and antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, respectively. Finally, modifications of the antibody backbone after secretion may further impact antibody activity. An in-depth understanding of how these posttranslational modifications impact antibody function, especially in the context of individual antibody isotypes and subclasses, is only starting to emerge. Indeed, only a minute proportion of this natural variability in the humoral immune response is currently reflected in therapeutic antibody preparations. In this Review, we summarize recent insights into how IgG subclass and posttranslational modifications impact IgG activity and discuss how these insights may be used to optimize therapeutic antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Chen W, Li Y, Ruan GX, Huang H, Zhang R, Wang J, Ouyang Y, Li Y, Xu S, Ou X. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 is essential for early B lymphopoiesis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Li YJ, Chen CY, Yang JH, Chiu YF. Modulating cholesterol-rich lipid rafts to disrupt influenza A virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982264. [PMID: 36177026 PMCID: PMC9513517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is widely disseminated across different species and can cause recurrent epidemics and severe pandemics in humans. During infection, IAV attaches to receptors that are predominantly located in cell membrane regions known as lipid rafts, which are highly enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. Following IAV entry into the host cell, uncoating, transcription, and replication of the viral genome occur, after which newly synthesized viral proteins and genomes are delivered to lipid rafts for assembly prior to viral budding from the cell. Moreover, during budding, IAV acquires an envelope with embedded cholesterol from the host cell membrane, and it is known that decreased cholesterol levels on IAV virions reduce infectivity. Statins are commonly used to inhibit cholesterol synthesis for preventing cardiovascular diseases, and several studies have investigated whether such inhibition can block IAV infection and propagation, as well as modulate the host immune response to IAV. Taken together, current research suggests that there may be a role for statins in countering IAV infections and modulating the host immune response to prevent or mitigate cytokine storms, and further investigation into this is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jyun Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-How Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ya-Fang Chiu,
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Golay J, Andrea AE, Cattaneo I. Role of Fc Core Fucosylation in the Effector Function of IgG1 Antibodies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929895. [PMID: 35844552 PMCID: PMC9279668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of fucose on IgG1 Asn-297 N-linked glycan is the modification of the human IgG1 Fc structure with the most significant impact on FcɣRIII affinity. It also significantly enhances the efficacy of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by natural killer (NK) cells in vitro, induced by IgG1 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The effect of afucosylation on ADCC or antibody dependent phagocytosis (ADCP) mediated by macrophages or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) is less clear. Evidence for enhanced efficacy of afucosylated therapeutic mAbs in vivo has also been reported. This has led to the development of several therapeutic antibodies with low Fc core fucose to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases, seven of which have already been approved for clinical use. More recently, the regulation of IgG Fc core fucosylation has been shown to take place naturally during the B-cell immune response: A decrease in α-1,6 fucose has been observed in polyclonal, antigen-specific IgG1 antibodies which are generated during alloimmunization of pregnant women by fetal erythrocyte or platelet antigens and following infection by some enveloped viruses and parasites. Low IgG1 Fc core fucose on antigen-specific polyclonal IgG1 has been linked to disease severity in several cases, such as SARS-CoV 2 and Dengue virus infection and during alloimmunization, highlighting the in vivo significance of this phenomenon. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about human IgG1 Fc core fucosylation and its regulation and function in vivo, in the context of both therapeutic antibodies and the natural immune response. The parallels in these two areas are informative about the mechanisms and in vivo effects of Fc core fucosylation, and may allow to further exploit the desired properties of this modification in different clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Division of Hematology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Josée Golay,
| | - Alain E. Andrea
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Thérapies Moléculaires, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Saint Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Irene Cattaneo
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Division of Hematology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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