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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yuan S, Zhang J. The potential immunological mechanisms of sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1434688. [PMID: 39040114 PMCID: PMC11260823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1434688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is described as a life-threatening organ dysfunction and a heterogeneous syndrome that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care settings. Severe sepsis could incite an uncontrollable surge of inflammatory cytokines, and the host immune system's immunosuppression could respond to counter excessive inflammatory responses, characterized by the accumulated anti-inflammatory cytokines, impaired function of immune cells, over-proliferation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, depletion of immune effector cells by different means of death, etc. In this review, we delve into the underlying pathological mechanisms of sepsis, emphasizing both the hyperinflammatory phase and the associated immunosuppression. We offer an in-depth exploration of the critical mechanisms underlying sepsis, spanning from individual immune cells to a holistic organ perspective, and further down to the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, we outline the strengths of artificial intelligence in analyzing extensive datasets pertaining to septic patients, showcasing how classifiers trained on various clinical data sources can identify distinct sepsis phenotypes and thus to guide personalized therapy strategies for the management of sepsis. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent, reliable biomarkers for hyperinflammatory and immunosuppressive states, facilitating more precise and expedited diagnosis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kruglikov IL, Scherer PE. Is the endotoxin-complement cascade the major driver in lipedema? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00087-0. [PMID: 38688780 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Lipedema is a poorly understood disorder of adipose tissue characterized by abnormal but symmetrical deposition of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) in proximal extremities. Here, we propose that the underlying cause for lipedema could be triggered by a selective accumulation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS; also known as endotoxin) in gluteofemoral WAT. Together with a malfunctioning complement system, this induces low-grade inflammation in the depot and raises its uncontrollable expansion. Correspondingly, more attention should be paid in future research to the endotoxemia prevalent in patients with lipedema. We would like to propose that proper management of endotoxemia can reduce the progression and even improve the state of disease in patients with lipedema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA.
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Li T, Xu B, Li W, Cheng X, Tantai W, Zheng H, Zhao L, Li N, Han C. Allosteric inhibitor of SHP2 enhances macrophage endocytosis and bacteria elimination by increasing caveolae activation and protects against bacterial sepsis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107096. [PMID: 38320736 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The uncontrolled bacterial infection-induced cytokine storm and sequential immunosuppression are commonly observed in septic patients, which indicates that the activation of phagocytic cells and the efficient and timely elimination of bacteria are crucial for combating bacterial infections. However, the role of dysregulated immune cells and their disrupted function in sepsis remains unclear. Here, we found that macrophages exhibited the impaired endocytosis capabilities in sepsis by Single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing. Caveolae protein Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) of macrophages was inactivated by SHP2 rapidly during Escherichia coli (E.coli) infection. Allosteric inhibitor of SHP2 effectively maintains Cav-1 phosphorylation to enhance macrophage to endocytose and eliminate bacteria. Additionally, TLR4 endocytosis of macrophage was also enhanced upon E.coli infection by SHP099, inducing an increased and rapidly resolved inflammatory response. In vivo, pretreatment or posttreatment with inhibitor of SHP2 significantly reduced the bacterial burden in organs and mortality of mice subjected E.coli infection or CLP-induced sepsis. The cotreatment of inhibitor of SHP2 with an antibiotic conferred complete protection against mortality in mice. Our findings suggest that Cav-1-mediated endocytosis and bacterial elimination may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, highlighting inhibitor of SHP2 as a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaotao Cheng
- Suzhou Jizhi Medical Corporation, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Wenjing Tantai
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200210, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200210, China.
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chaofeng Han
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Histology and Embryology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Dai P, He J, Wei Y, Xu M, Zhao J, Zhou X, Tang H. High Dose of Estrogen Protects the Lungs from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Downregulating the Angiotensin II Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-01973-z. [PMID: 38386131 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We explored the sex difference in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and the role and mechanism of estrogen (E2) and angiotensin II (Ang II) in LIRI. We established a model of LIRI in mice. E2, Ang II, E2 inhibitor (fulvestrant), and angiotensin II receptor blocker (losartan) were grouped for treatment. The lung wet/dry weight ratio, natural killer (NK) cells (by flow cytometry), neutrophils (by flow cytometry), expression of key proteins (by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and immunofluorescence), and expression of related protein mRNA (by qPCR) were detected. The ultrastructure of the alveolar epithelial cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. We found that E2 and Ang II played an important role in the progression of LIRI. The two signaling pathways showed obvious antagonism, and E2 regulates LIRI in the different sexes by downregulating Ang II, leading to a better prognosis. E2 and losartan reduced the inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue and key inflammatory factors in serum while fulvestrant and Ang II had the opposite effect. The protective effect of E2 was related with AKT, p38, COX2, and HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jutong He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hexiao Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Dalton CM, Schlegel C, Hunter CJ. Caveolin-1: A Review of Intracellular Functions, Tissue-Specific Roles, and Epithelial Tight Junction Regulation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1402. [PMID: 37998001 PMCID: PMC10669080 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a vital protein for many cellular processes and is involved in both the positive and negative regulation of these processes. Cav1 exists in multiple cellular compartments depending on its role. Of particular interest is its contribution to the formation of plasma membrane invaginations called caveolae and its involvement in cytoskeletal interactions, endocytosis, and cholesterol trafficking. Cav1 participates in stem cell differentiation as well as proliferation and cell death pathways, which is implicated in tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, Cav1 has tissue-specific functions that are adapted to the requirements of the cells within those tissues. Its role has been described in adipose, lung, pancreatic, and vascular tissue and in epithelial barrier maintenance. In both the intestinal and the blood brain barriers, Cav1 has significant interactions with junctional complexes that manage barrier integrity. Tight junctions have a close relationship with Cav1 and this relationship affects both their level of expression and their location within the cell. The ubiquitous nature of Cav1 both within the cell and within specific tissues is what makes the protein important for ongoing research as it can assist in further understanding pathophysiologic processes and can potentially be a target for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody M. Dalton
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Oklahoma Children’s Hospital, 1200 Everett Drive, ET NP 2320, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.S.); (C.J.H.)
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, 800 Research Parkway, Suite 449, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Camille Schlegel
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Oklahoma Children’s Hospital, 1200 Everett Drive, ET NP 2320, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.S.); (C.J.H.)
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, 800 Research Parkway, Suite 449, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Catherine J. Hunter
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Oklahoma Children’s Hospital, 1200 Everett Drive, ET NP 2320, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.S.); (C.J.H.)
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, 800 Research Parkway, Suite 449, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Qian W, Cao Y. An overview of the effects and mechanisms of m6 A methylation on innate immune cells in sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041990. [PMID: 36505499 PMCID: PMC9731128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis is a severe clinical syndrome caused by dysregulated systemic inflammatory responses to infection. Methylation modification, as a crucial mechanism of RNA functional modification, can manipulate the immunophenotype and functional activity of immune cells to participate in sepsis progression. This study aims to explore the mechanism of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification in immune cell-mediated sepsis through keyword search. Methods Literature retrieval. Results and Discussion Literature retrieval reveals that m6A methylation is implicated in sepsis-induced lung injury and myocardial injury,as well as sepsis-related encephalopathy. Furthermore, it is found that m6A methylation can regulate sepsis by inhibiting the chemotaxis of neutrophils and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and suppressing macrophage phagocytosis, thereby playing a role in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Qian
- Emergency Department, Shangjinnanfu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Yu Cao,
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