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Zhou MT, Zhang P, Mao Q, Wei XQ, Yang L, Zhang XM. Current research status of transarterial therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3752-3760. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
With continuous advancements in interventional radiology, considerable progress has been made in transarterial therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in recent years, and an increasing number of research papers on transarterial therapies for HCC have been published. In this editorial, we comment on the article by Ma et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology: “Efficacy and predictive factors of transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib plus programmed cell death protein-1 inhibition for unresectable HCC”. We focus specifically on the current research status and future directions of transarterial therapies. In the future, more studies are needed to determine the optimal transarterial local treatment for HCC. With the emergence of checkpoint immunotherapy modalities, it is expected that the results of trials of transarterial local therapy combined with systemic therapy will bring new hope to HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ting Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Medical Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Medical Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qi Mao
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Medical Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wei
- School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Medical Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Medical Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
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Li X, Tang Z, Pang Q, Wang X, Bai T, Chen J, Wei M, Wei T, Li L, Wu F. The Role of Timing of Progression and Early Salvage Surgery in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with TACE Plus TKIs and PD‑1 Inhibitors. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:1641-1652. [PMID: 39206421 PMCID: PMC11352608 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s481816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (iuHCC) has been improved by TACE with TKIs and PD-1 inhibitors (TTP). However, the role of timing of tumor progression and and early salvage surgery during TTP therapy remains unclear. Patients and Methods The data of 151 patients who received TTP for iuHCC consecutively between November 2019 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The X-Tile software was used to determine the optimal threshold of progression timing to differentiate the post-progression survival (PPS) for patients with tumor progression, ultimately yielding 9 months as the optimal cut-off time. Early tumor progression was defined as patients with tumor recurrence (surgical patients) or progressive disease by mRECIST (nonsurgical patients) within 9 months of initial treatment. Accordingly, early salvage surgery was defined as salvage surgery performed within 9 months of the initial treatment. Results Out of all the patients, 55 (36.4%) patients showed early tumor progression, 33 (34.4%) showed late tumor progression, and 63 (41.7%) showed non-progression. Patients who experienced early tumor progression had a median PPS of 5.2 months, while those with late tumor progression had a median PPS of 16.8 months (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed a robust independent correlation between early tumor progression and PPS (HR = 3.279, 95% CI: 1.591-6.756; P = 0.001). Patients who received early salvage surgery showed a considerably lower early tumor progression rate when compared with patients who did not receive early surgery (12.5% vs 42.9%, P = 0.002). The multivariable analysis revealed that early salvage surgery was an independent factor influencing early tumor progression (OR = 0.246; 95% CI: 0.078-0.773; P = 0.016). Conclusion Early tumor progression is associated with worse PPS in patients with iuHCC receiving TTP therapy. Early salvage surgery can further improve patient outcomes by lowering the incidence of early progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Hao L, Li S, Ye F, Wang H, Zhong Y, Zhang X, Hu X, Huang X. The current status and future of targeted-immune combination for hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1418965. [PMID: 39161764 PMCID: PMC11330771 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1418965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and the third leading cause of death worldwide. surgery, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), systemic therapy, local ablation therapy, radiotherapy, and targeted drug therapy with agents such as sorafenib. However, the tumor microenvironment of liver cancer has a strong immunosuppressive effect. Therefore, new treatments for liver cancer are still necessary. Immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), along with high levels of immunosuppressive cytokines, induce T cell inhibition and are key mechanisms of immune escape in HCC. Recently, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as monotherapy or in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenesis drugs, chemotherapy agents, and topical therapies has offered great promise in the treatment of liver cancer. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in ICIs combined with targeted drugs (targeted-immune combination) and other targeted-immune combination regimens for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC (aHCC) or unresectable HCC (uHCC), and provide an outlook on future prospects. The literature reviewed spans the last five years and includes studies identified using keywords such as "hepatocellular carcinoma," "immune checkpoint inhibitors," "targeted therapy," "combination therapy," and "immunotherapy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Hao
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fanghang Ye
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxin Zhong
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huang
- Department of Urology/Andrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Fang H, Ke Q, Wu S, Tu Q, Wang L. Immune-targeted therapy with transarterial chemo(embolization) for unresectable HCC: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1421520. [PMID: 39156893 PMCID: PMC11329924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1421520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Transarterial chemo(embolization) is preferred for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC); however, because of emerging immune-targeted therapies, its efficacy is at stake. This systematic review pioneers to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of transarterial chemo(embolization) combined with immune-targeted therapy for uHCC patients. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies comparing immune-targeted therapy with or without transarterial chemo(embolization) until 31 May 2024. The complete response (CR) rate, objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) were considered to be the primary outcomes calculated for the clinical outcomes of transarterial chemo(embolization) combined with immune-targeted therapy, along with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The incidence of treatment-related severe adverse events was set as the major measure for the safety outcome. Results Sixteen studies, encompassing 1,789 patients receiving transarterial chemo(embolization) plus immune-targeted therapy and 1,215 patients receiving immune-targeted therapy alone, were considered eligible. The combination of transarterial chemo(embolization) and immune-targeted therapy demonstrated enhanced outcomes in CR (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.35-3.31), ORR (OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 2.15-3.61), DCR (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.72-3.52), PFS (HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.50-0.70), and OS (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.44-0.59), albeit accompanied by a surge in ALT (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.28-3.68) and AST (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.42-3.65). The advantages of additional transarterial chemo(embolization) to immune-targeted therapy were also verified in subgroups of first-line treatment, intervention techniques, with or without extrahepatic metastasis, Child-Pugh grade A or B, and with or without tumor thrombus. Conclusion The combination of transarterial chemo(embolization) and immune-targeted therapy seems to bolster local control and long-term efficacy in uHCC, albeit at the expense of hepatic complications. Systematic review registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier 474669.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiao Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shiji Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Tumor Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Wang M, Xu X, Wang K, Diao Y, Xu J, Gu L, Yao L, Li C, Lv G, Yang T. Conversion therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine: Current status, challenges and opportunities. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2159-2169. [PMID: 38695305 PMCID: PMC11247552 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent malignancy of the digestive tract, is characterized by a high mortality rate and poor prognosis, primarily due to its initial diagnosis at an advanced stage that precludes any surgical intervention. Recent advancements in systemic therapies have significantly improved oncological outcomes for intermediate and advanced-stage HCC, and the combination of locoregional and systemic therapies further facilitates tumor downstaging and increases the likelihood of surgical resectability for initially unresectable cases following conversion therapies. This shift toward high conversion rates with novel, multimodal treatment approaches has become a principal pathway for prolonged survival in patients with advanced HCC. However, the field of conversion therapy for HCC is marked by controversies, including the selection of potential surgical candidates, formulation of conversion therapy regimens, determination of optimal surgical timing, and application of adjuvant therapy post-surgery. Addressing these challenges and refining clinical protocols and research in HCC conversion therapy is essential for setting the groundwork for future advancements in treatment strategies and clinical research. This narrative review comprehensively summarizes the current strategies and clinical experiences in conversion therapy for advanced-stage HCC, emphasizing the unresolved issues and the path forward in the context of precision medicine. This work not only provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of treatment modalities for conversion therapy but also paves the way for future studies and innovations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Da Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical University (Navy Medical University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Xue‐Jun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region of PLAUrumuqiXinjiangChina
| | - Ke‐Chun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical University (Navy Medical University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Yong‐Kang Diao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical University (Navy Medical University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Jia‐Hao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical University (Navy Medical University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐Hui Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical University (Navy Medical University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Lan‐Qing Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical University (Navy Medical University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical University (Navy Medical University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Guo‐Yue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery CenterFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical University (Navy Medical University)ShanghaiChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery CenterFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
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Dawood ZS, Brown ZJ, Alaimo L, Lima HA, Shaikh C, Katayama ES, Munir MM, Moazzam Z, Endo Y, Woldesenbet S, Pawlik TM. Comparison of tumor response and outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after multimodal treatment including immune checkpoint inhibitors - a systematic review and meta-analysis. HPB (Oxford) 2024; 26:618-629. [PMID: 38369433 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and radiotherapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well-defined. We performed a meta-analysis to characterize tumor response and survival associated with multimodal treatment of HCC. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched (1990-2022). Random-effect meta-analysis was conducted to compare efficacy of treatment modalities. Odds ratios (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were reported. RESULTS Thirty studies (4170 patients) met inclusion criteria. Triple therapy regimen (ICI + TKI + TACE) had the highest overall disease control rate (DCR) (87%, 95% CI 83-91), while ICI + radiotherapy had the highest objective response rate (ORR) (72%, 95% CI 54%-89%). Triple therapy had a higher DCR than ICI + TACE (OR 4.49, 95% CI 2.09-9.63), ICI + TKI (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.63-5.82), and TKI + TACE (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.61-5.20). Triple therapy demonstrated improved overall survival versus ICI + TKI (SMD 0.72, 95% CI 0.37-1.07) and TKI + TACE (SMD 1.13, 95% CI 0.70-1.48) (both p < 0.05). Triple therapy had a greater incidence of adverse events (AEs) compared with ICI + TKI (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.29-0.91; p = 0.02), but no difference in AEs versus ICI + TACE or TKI + TACE (both p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of ICIs, TKIs and TACE demonstrated superior tumor response and survival and should be considered for select patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiba S Dawood
- Medical College, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Zachary J Brown
- Department of Surgery, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Laura Alaimo
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Henrique A Lima
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chanza Shaikh
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erryk S Katayama
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad M Munir
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zorays Moazzam
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yutaka Endo
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Selamawit Woldesenbet
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Liu H, Wang C, Wang R, Cao H, Cao Y, Huang T, Lu Z, Xiao H, Hu M, Wang H, Zhao J. New insights into mechanisms and interventions of locoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Chin J Cancer Res 2024; 36:167-194. [PMID: 38751435 PMCID: PMC11090796 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2024.02.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for a significant number of cancer-related deaths worldwide and its incidence is increasing. Locoregional treatments, which are precision procedures guided by imaging to specifically target liver tumors, play a critical role in the management of a substantial portion of HCC cases. These therapies have become an essential element of the HCC treatment landscape, with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) being the treatment of choice for patients with intermediate to advanced stages of the disease. Other locoregional therapies, like radiofrequency ablation, are highly effective for small, early-stage HCC. Nevertheless, the advent of targeted immunotherapy has challenged these established treatments. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable efficacy in clinical settings. However, their specific uses and the development of resistance in subsequent treatments have led clinicians to reevaluate the future direction of HCC therapy. This review concentrates on the distinct features of both systemic and novel locoregional therapies. We investigate their effects on the tumor microenvironment at the molecular level and discuss how targeted immunotherapy can be effectively integrated with locoregional therapies. We also examine research findings from retrospective studies and randomized controlled trials on various combined treatment regimens, assessing their validity to determine the future evolution of locoregional therapies within the framework of personalized, comprehensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Liu
- Department of General surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ruiqiang Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hengsong Cao
- Department of General surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yongfang Cao
- Department of General surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Tian Huang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Zhengqing Lu
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of General surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Mengcheng Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211103, China
| | - Hanjin Wang
- Department of General surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213001, China
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Oikawa R, Ito K, Takemura N, Mihara F, Kokudo N. How to do it: rescue duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction techniques to avoid severe biliary complications of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Today 2024; 54:387-395. [PMID: 37815642 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
There are few reports on duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction for complex liver resection with limited bile duct resection. We performed duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction in two patients undergoing limited bile duct resection where Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) was difficult. An external biliary drainage tube was placed routinely at the anastomotic site to prevent stenosis. In case 1, the tumor-infiltrated part of the left hepatic duct (LHD) was resected and the LHD was repaired using duct-to-duct reconstruction with interrupted sutures. In case 2, after the tumor-infiltrated part of the LHD and posterior hepatic duct (PHD) were resected, T-tube reconstruction was performed on the PHD, and the LHD was anastomosed using interrupted sutures for the posterior wall and a round ligament patch for the anterior wall. Our literature review suggests that an external biliary drainage tube with stenting over the anastomosis may reduce the risk of biliary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Oikawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kyoji Ito
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takemura
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Fuminori Mihara
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
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Zeng Y, Huang J, Pang J, Pan S, Wu Y, Jie Y, Li X, Chong Y. The occurrence of immune-related adverse events is an independent risk factor both for serum HBsAg increase and HBV reactivation in HBsAg-positive cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitor combinational therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330644. [PMID: 38558804 PMCID: PMC10979302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested the potential of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of chronic HBV infection. However, since phase III clinical trials have not yet been announced, additional clinical insights may be obtained by observing changes in serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV-DNA levels in cancer patients undergoing PD-1 inhibitor therapy. Objective To explore the effects of PD-1 inhibitor combinational therapy on serum HBsAg and HBV-DNA levels, investigate the incidence of HBsAg loss, HBV reactivation (HBVr), and immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and identify the risk factors associated with significant HBsAg fluctuations and HBVr. Methods A retrospective study including 1195 HBsAg-positive cancer patients who received PD-1 inhibitors between July 2019 and June 2023 was conducted, and 180 patients were enrolled in this study. Serum HBsAg levels before and after PD-1 inhibitor administration were compared across different subgroups. The Pearson χ2 or Fisher exact test was performed to investigate the relationships between categorical variables. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to identify the risk factors associated with significant HBsAg fluctuations and HBVr. Results With the concurrent use of antiviral agents, serum HBsAg levels decreased (Z=-3.966, P < 0.0001) in 129 patients and increased (t=-2.047, P=0.043) in 51 patients. Additionally, 7 patients (3.89%) achieved serum HBsAg loss. Virus replication was suppressed in most of the enrolled patients. When divided patients into different subgroups, significant HBsAg decreases after PD-1 inhibitor administration were discovered in lower baseline HBsAg group (Z=-2.277, P=0.023), HBeAg-seronegative group (Z=-2.200, P=0.028), non-irAEs occurrence group (Z=-2.007, P=0.045) and liver cancer group (Z=-1.987, P=0.047). Of note, 11 patients and 36 patients experienced HBVr (6.11%) and irAEs (20%), respectively, which could lead to discontinuation or delayed use of PD-1 inhibitors. After multivariable analysis, HBeAg-seropositive (OR, 7.236 [95% CI, 1.757-29.793], P=0.01) and the occurrence of irAEs (OR, 4.077 [95% CI, 1.252-13.273], P=0.02) were identified as the independent risk factors for significant HBsAg increase, the occurrence of irAEs (OR, 5.560 [95% CI, 1.252-13.273], P=0.01) was identified as the only independent risk factor for HBVr. Conclusion PD-1 inhibitors combined with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) may exert therapeutic potential for chronic HBV infection in cancer patients. However, attention also should be paid to the risk of significant elevation in HBsAg levels, HBVr, and irAEs associated with PD-1 inhibitor combinational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfu Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuankai Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Jie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutian Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang H, Cong T, Luo Y, Yang C, Ren J, Li X. Prognostic Effect of Sarcopenia in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Targeted with Interventional Therapy Combined with Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:175-189. [PMID: 38283695 PMCID: PMC10822115 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s444530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigated the association between sarcopenia and the prognosis and adverse events of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing interventional therapy combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Methods Between January 2019 and December 2022, patients with unresectable HCC who received interventional therapy combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy were included in this study. Total skeletal muscle area at the L3 level was normalized for height in m2 as the skeletal muscle index (SMI). All patients were divided into low and high SMI group according to the median SMI. Results Ninety-six consecutive patients were included eventually, with 49 patients in the high-SMI group and 47 patients in the low-SMI group. In the low-SMI group, the median overall survival (OS) was 459.00 days (95% CI, 334.76-583.24 days), and the 3-, 6-, and 12-month OS rates were 100%, 89.4% and 68.1%, respectively. In the high-SMI group, the median OS was not reached, and the 3-, 6-, and 12-month OS rates were 100%, 98% and 79.5%, respectively (p<0.05). SMI and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) C stage were independent prognostic factors for OS (p<0.05). In the low-SMI group, 26 patients had treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), resulting in dose adjustment or treatment suspension for 10 patients. In the high-SMI group, 33 patients had TRAEs, and 18 patients received dose adjustment or treatment suspension; the between-group difference was nonsignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion SMI is associated with the prognosis of HCC patients receiving interventional therapy combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy, and sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for OS. However, sarcopenia does not seem to predict the occurrence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Cong
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingen Luo
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinrui Ren
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
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Long Y, Huang J, Liao J, Zhang D, Huang Z, He X, Zhang L. Safety and Survival Outcomes of Liver Resection following Triple Combination Conversion Therapy for Initially Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5878. [PMID: 38136422 PMCID: PMC10741919 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple combination conversion therapy, involving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has shown an encouraging objective response rate (ORR) and successful conversion surgery rate in initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the safety and long-term survival outcomes of subsequent liver resection after successful conversion still remain to be validated. From February 2019 to February 2023, 726 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study (75 patients received hepatectomy after conversion therapy [CLR group], and 651 patients underwent pure hepatectomy [LR group]). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the preoperative baseline characteristics. After PSM, 68 patients in the CLR group and 124 patients in the LR group were analyzed, and all the matching variables were well-balanced. Compared with the LR group, the CLR group experienced longer Pringle maneuver time, longer operation time, and longer hospital stays. In addition, the CLR group had significantly higher incidence rates of intra-abdominal bleeding, biliary leakage, post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), and Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa complications than the LR group. There were no significant statistical differences in overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.724; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.356-1.474; p = 0.374) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR 1.249; 95% CI 0.807-1.934; p = 0.374) between the two groups. Liver resection following triple combination conversion therapy in initially unresectable HCC may achieve favorable survival outcomes with manageable safety profiles; presenting as a promising treatment option for initially unresectable HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Long
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.L.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Jue Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.L.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Jianguo Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.L.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Dongbo Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China;
| | - Ziqi Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.L.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaodong He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.L.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.L.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
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12
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Gao B, Yang F, Zheng D, Hu S, Liu J, Liu H, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang R, Zhao Y, Cui C, Fang C, Yang J, Su S, Han Y, Yang X, Li B. Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Plus Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:2265-2276. [PMID: 38107541 PMCID: PMC10725696 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s443041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (triple therapy) compared to TACE alone (monotherapy) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Material and Methods Data of consecutive advanced HCC patients receiving triple therapy or monotherapy at our center between January 2019 and December 2022 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) and subgroup analyses were performed to reduce the bias between the two groups. The primary outcomes of the study were the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary outcomes were the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). Results A total of 104 patients were enrolled in this study: 41 in the triple therapy group and 63 in the monotherapy group. After PSM analysis, each group included 37 patients. The median OS and PFS were significantly longer in the triple therapy group than in the monotherapy group in the whole cohort (median OS, 18.8 vs 11.7 months, P = 0.022; median PFS, 10.5 vs 6.4 months, P = 0.012) and after PSM (median OS, 19.6 vs 12.5 months, P = 0.030; median PFS, 10.5 vs 6.7 months, P = 0.008). Furthermore, the treatment modality was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.449, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.240-0.840, P = 0.012) and PFS (HR: 0.406, 95% CI: 0.231-0.713, P = 0.002) according to the multivariate cox regression analysis. A greater ORR was also observed in the triple therapy group (ORR: 56.7% vs 32.4%, P = 0.035). No significant difference was observed in DCR between the two groups (83.7% vs 72.9%, P = 0.259). Conclusion The triple therapy was superior to the monotherapy regarding OS, PFS, and ORR of advanced HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjian Gao
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Yang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfa Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - LinXin Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cui
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Su
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunwei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Li H, Wang J, Zhang G, Kuang D, Li Y, He X, Xing C, Wang Y, Shi M, Han X, Ren J, Duan X. Transarterial chemoembolization combined donafenib with/without PD-1 for unresectable HCC in a multicenter retrospective study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277329. [PMID: 38090566 PMCID: PMC10711098 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aims This multicenter retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with donafenib and a programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor (TACE+DP) and TACE combined with donafenib (TACE+D) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Methods The clinical data of 388 patients with uHCC who received TACE+DP or TACE+D as first-line treatment at six Chinese academic centers from July 2021 to July 2022 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Patients in the TACE+DP group received an intravenous administration of a PD-1 inhibitor every three weeks and oral donafenib (0.2 g) twice daily until intolerable toxicity or disease progression. Patients in the TACE+D group received the same dose of donafenib for 3-5 days after TACE. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. The tumor response was compared between the two groups according to modified RECIST criteria. Adverse events were also analyzed between the two groups. Results The TACE+D group included 157 patients and the TACE+DP group included 166 patients. Patients in the TACE+DP group had a longer median OS (18.1 vs. 13.2 months, P<0.001) and longer median PFS (10.6 vs. 7.9 months, P<0.001) than those in the TACE+D group. Patients in the TACE+DP group achieved a greater objective response rate (ORR; 50.6% vs. 41.4%, P=0.019) and greater disease control rate (DCR) (89.2% vs. 82.8%, P=0.010) than those in the TACE+D group. No significant differences were found in the incidence or severity of adverse events between the TACE+DP and TACE+D groups (any grade: 92.9% vs. 94.6%, P=0.270; grade 3 or 4: 33.8% vs. 37.3%, P=0.253). Conclusion With favorable safety and tolerability, TACE combined with donafenib and PD-1 inhibitors significantly improved PFS, OS, and ORR compared to TACE combined with donafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guokun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Donglin Kuang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanliang Li
- Department of Interventional and Oncology, Dengzhou People's Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Medical Imaging, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Cheng Xing
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianzhuang Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuhua Duan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Jiang Y, Guo L, Han L, Li H, Li C, Wen L, Song Y, Wang Z, Wang P, Guo Q, Zhao W, Liu M, Chen J, Wu Z, Yan Y, Xu K, Gu T, Wu X, He K, Su K, Han Y. Thymidine kinase 1 appears to be a marker for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on a large-scale, multicenter study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14271-14282. [PMID: 37561208 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the role of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis and to develop a nomogram for predicting HCC prognosis. METHOD In this study, 1066 HCC patients were enrolled between August 2018 and April 2022. TK1 levels were measured within one week before enrollment, and the relationship with HCC prognosis was evaluated. Next, all patients were randomly assigned to the training set (70%, n = 746) and the validation set (30%, n = 320). We used multivariate Cox analysis to find independent prognostic factors in the training set to construct a nomogram. The predictive power of the nomogram was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The optimal critical value of TK1 was determined as 2.35 U/L using X-tile software. RESULT Before and after propensity score matching (PSM), the median overall survival (mOS) of the low-TK1 group (< 2.35 U/L) remained significantly longer than that of the high-TK1 group (≥ 2.35 U/L) (48.1 vs 16.5 months, p < 0.001; 75.7 vs 19.8 months, p = 0.001). Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis showed that the low TK1 level was an independent positive prognostic indicator. Additionally, the area under the ROC curve for predicting the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates was 0.770, 0.758, and 0.805, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TK1 could serve as a prognostic marker for HCC. In addition, the nomogram showed good predictive capability for HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Changlun Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Lianbin Wen
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yanqiong Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610042, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Clinical Skills Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wenxi Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Mengxiang Liu
- School of Humanities and Management, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yushan Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Tao Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Kun He
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ke Su
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Yunwei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Yu B, Zhang N, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Wang L. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibodies with Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy or Transarterial Chemoembolization for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1735-1748. [PMID: 37822726 PMCID: PMC10563810 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s431917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and anti-PD-1 antibodies with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has shown encouraging anti-tumor effects in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We explored the efficacy and safety of TKIs and anti-PD-1 antibodies combined with HAIC or TACE in HCC. Methods Data from 302 HCC patients receiving HAIC combined with TKIs and anti-PD-1 antibodies (HAIC-TP group) and 446 HCC patients receiving TACE combined with TKIs and anti-PD-1 antibodies (TACE-TP group) were retrospectively collected. Clinicopathological characteristics, tumor response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were compared between two groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to minimize bias. Results The HAIC-TP group exhibited better objective response rate (RECIST: 33.1% versus 7.8%, P < 0.001; mRECIST: 51.4% versus 17.5%, P < 0.001), longer PFS (12.4 months versus 8.2 months, P < 0.001), and longer OS (not reached versus 13.8 months, P < 0.001) than TACE-TP group. Surgery was performed after combination therapy in 34 patients of the HAIC-TP group and in 7 patients of the TACE-TP group (P < 0.001). Similar results were also observed in the PSM analysis. Multivariate analysis indicated type of treatment, alpha-fetoprotein, ALBI grade, portal vein tumor thrombus, and extrahepatic status were risk factors for poor prognosis. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain occurred more frequently in the HAIC-TP group, whereas liver dysfunction occurred more frequently in the TACE-TP group. All AEs were acceptable and manageable as a result of treatment interruption or dose modification. Conclusion The combination of HAIC with TKIs and anti-PD-1 antibodies is an effective and safe therapeutic regimen over TACE-based combination therapy for patients with HCC. A prospective study with a large sample size is required to validate the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingran Yu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfa Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Duan X, Li H, Kuang D, Chen P, Zhang K, Li Y, He X, Xing C, Wang H, Liu Y, Xie L, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Zhu P, Dong H, Xie J, Li H, Wang Y, Shi M, Jiang G, Xu Y, Zhou S, Shang C, Ren J, Han X. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization plus apatinib with or without camrelizumab for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:915-926. [PMID: 37012542 PMCID: PMC10386927 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor and immune checkpoint inhibitor in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was limited. This study aimed to evaluate the role of TACE plus apatinib (TACE + A) and TACE combined with apatinib plus camrelizumab (TACE + AC) in patients with unresectable HCC. METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed patients with unresectable HCC who received TACE + A or TACE + AC in 20 centers of China from January 1, 2019 to June 31, 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) at 1:1 was performed to reduce bias. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were collected. RESULTS A total of 960 eligible patients with HCC were included in the final analysis. After PSM, there were 449 patients in each group, and the baseline characteristics were balanced between two groups. At data cutoff, the median follow-up time was 16.3 (range: 11.9-21.4) months. After PSM, the TACE + AC group showed longer median OS (24.5 vs 18.0 months, p < 0.001) and PFS (10.8 vs 7.7 months, p < 0.001) than the TACE + A group; the ORR (49.9% vs 42.5%, p = 0.002) and DCR (88.4% vs 84.0%, p = 0.003) of the TACE + AC group were also higher than those in the TACE + A group. Fever, pain, hypertension and hand-foot syndrome were the more common TRAEs in two groups. CONCLUSIONS Both TACE plus apatinib and TACE combined with apatinib plus camrelizumab were feasible in patients with unresectable HCC, with manageable safety profiles. Moreover, TACE combined with apatinib plus camrelizumab showed additional benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Duan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jian She Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jian She Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Donglin Kuang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jian She Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jian She Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanliang Li
- Department of Interventional and Oncology, Dengzhou People's Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Medical Imaging, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Cheng Xing
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaoxian Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Limin Xie
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shangqiu First People's Hospital, Shangqiu, Henan, China
| | - Shixi Zhang
- Department of Infection, Shangqiu Municipal Hospital, Shangqiu, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anyang District Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Peixin Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, General Hospital of Pingmei Shenma Group, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Honglin Dong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The People's Hospital of Anyang City, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Jichen Xie
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Puyang City, Puyang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Guangbin Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Suizhou Central Hospital, Suizhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yandong Xu
- Department of CT-MRI, Erdos Central Hospital, Erdos, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Chunyu Shang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Siping Central People's Hospital, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Jianzhuang Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jian She Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jian She Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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Jiang N, Zhong B, Huang J, Li W, Zhang S, Zhu X, Ni C, Shen J. Transarterial chemoembolization combined with molecularly targeted agents plus immune checkpoint inhibitors for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205636. [PMID: 37583693 PMCID: PMC10425157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To retrospectively evaluate and compare treatment effectiveness and safety between transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with molecularly targeted agents plus immune checkpoint inhibitors (TACE+T+I) and TACE combined with molecularly targeted agents (TACE+T) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with unresectable HCC from January 2018 to June 2022. The patients were screened based on the inclusion criteria and were divided into the triple combination group (TACE+T+I) and the double combination group (TACE+T). The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events (AEs). The secondary outcomes were objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). Risk factors associated with PFS and OS were determined by Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 87 patients were enrolled in this study, including 42 patients in the TACE+T+I group and 45 patients in the TACE+T group. Over a median follow-up of 29.00 and 26.70 months, patients who received TACE+T+I therapy achieved a significantly longer median OS (24.00 vs. 21.40 months, p = 0.007) and median PFS (9.70 vs. 7.00 months, p = 0.017); no grade 4 AEs or treatment-related death occurred in the two groups. Grade 3 AEs attributed to systemic agents in the two groups showed no significant difference (19.0% vs. 15.6%, p = 0.667). Patients in the TACE+T+I group demonstrated better tumor response when compared with patients in the TACE+T group, with an ORR of 52.4% vs. 17.8% (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed in DCR between the two groups (83.3% vs. 77.8%, p = 0.514). Cox regression analysis showed that only the treatment method was an independent factor of OS, and both age and treatment method were independent factors related to PFS. Conclusion Compared with TACE plus molecularly targeted agents (TACE+T), the triple therapy (TACE+T+I) could improve survival and tumor response in unresectable HCC with manageable toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caifang Ni
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Kim JH, Kim JH, Yoon HK, Ko GY, Shin JH, Gwon DI, Ko HK, Chu HH, Kim SH, Kim GH, Kim Y, Aljerdah S. Transarterial chemoembolization for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma without macrovascular invasion or extrahepatic metastasis: analysis of factors prognostic of clinical outcomes. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1072922. [PMID: 37346065 PMCID: PMC10281503 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1072922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the safety and efficacy of TACE and factors predicting survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without macrovascular invasion (MVI) or extrahepatic spread (EHS). Methods This single-center retrospective study included 236 treatment-naïve patients who underwent TACE as first-line treatment for advanced HCC without MVI or EHS between January 2007 and December 2021. Results Following TACE, the median overall survival (OS) was 24 months. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that tumor number ≥4 (risk point: 3), maximal tumor size >10 cm (risk point: 2), Child-Pugh class B (risk point: 2), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration ≥400 ng/mL (risk point: 2), and presence of HCC rupture (risk point: 2) were risk factors significantly associated with OS. The expected median OS among patients with <2, 2-4, and 5-9 risk points were 72, 29, and 12 months respectively. The major complication rates were significantly lower in patients with maximal tumor size ≤10 cm than in those with maximal tumor size >10 cm (4% [5/138] vs 21% [21/98], p = 0.001). Conclusion TACE may be safe and effective in selected patients with advanced HCC without MVI or EHS, with a median OS of 24 months. Patients with limited tumor burden, compensated liver function, absence of HCC rupture, and favorable biologic markers may benefit the most from TACE. TACE is not recommended for patients with huge HCCs (>10 cm) because of its high rate of major complications (21%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Kim
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-Gu, Republic of Korea
- Ajou University Hospital, College of Medicine, Ajou University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Yoon
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Ko
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Shin
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Gwon
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Kyu Ko
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Chu
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kim
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Ha Kim
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghun Kim
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shakir Aljerdah
- College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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Xin Y, Zhang X, Liu N, Peng G, Huang X, Cao X, Zhou X, Li X. Efficacy and safety of lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitor with or without transarterial chemoembolization in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:753-764. [PMID: 37038024 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical benefit and tolerability of triple therapy of lenvatinib, programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) versus dual therapy of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. METHODS Between October 2018 and September 2021, patients with unresectable HCC who received triple therapy of lenvatinib, PD-1 inhibitor, and TACE or dual therapy of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor participated in this study. The efficacy was evaluated by survival and therapeutic response, and the tolerability was evaluated by the frequency and severity of key adverse events (AEs). RESULTS In total, 118 eligible patients with unresectable HCC who received combination therapy were included in this study. Among them, 60 patients received triple therapy of lenvatinib, PD-1 inhibitor, and TACE (L-P-T group), and 58 eligible patients received dual therapy of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor (L-P group). Patients who received triple therapy had better overall survival (OS) [median, 29.0 vs. 17.8 months, p < 0.01] and progression-free survival (PFS) [median, 16.2 vs. 10.2 months, p < 0.01] than those who received dual therapy. The objective response rate (76.7 vs. 44.9%, p < 0.01) and disease control rate (96.7 vs. 75.9%, p < 0.01) in the L-P-T group were higher than in the L-P group, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that the treatment option and BCLC stage were independent prognostic factors for OS, while treatment option and tumor number were independent prognostic factors for PFS. The incidence and severity of AEs in the L-P-T group were comparable to those in the L-P group (any grade, 95.0 vs. 94.8%, p = 1.00; grade ≥ 3, 30.0 vs. 27.6%, p = 0.93). CONCLUSION Triple therapy of lenvatinib, PD-1 inhibitor, and TACE may achieve more favorable survival benefits than dual therapy of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor in unresectable HCC patients with manageable safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Xin
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaojing Cao
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
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Li X, Chen J, Wang X, Bai T, Lu S, Wei T, Tang Z, Huang C, Zhang B, Liu B, Li L, Wu F. Outcomes and prognostic factors in initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated using conversion therapy with lenvatinib and TACE plus PD-1 inhibitors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1110689. [PMID: 36793614 PMCID: PMC9923097 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors for patients using conversion therapy with lenvatinib combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (LTP) for initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (iuHCC). Methods Data on 94 consecutive patients with iuHCC who received LTP conversion therapy from November 2019 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Early tumor response was reported when patients showed complete or partial response at the time of their first follow-up (4-6 weeks) after initial treatment, in accordance with mRECIST. The endpoints consisted of conversion surgery rate, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Early tumor response was found in 68 patients (72.3%) and not in the remaining 26 patients (27.7%) in the entire cohort. Early responders had a significantly higher conversion surgery rate than non-early responders (44.1% vs. 7.7%, p=0.001). Early tumor response was the only factor independently associated with successful conversion resection, as indicated by multivariate analysis (OR=10.296; 95% CI: 2.076-51.063; p=0.004). Survival analysis showed that early responders had longer PFS (15.4 vs. 7.8 months, p=0.005) and OS (23.1 vs. 12.5 months, p=0.004) than non-early responders. Early responders who underwent conversion surgery also had significantly longer median PFS and OS (not reached, not reached) than those who did not (11.2 months, p=0.004; 19.4 months, p<0.001). In multivariate analyses, early tumor response was identified as an independent prognostic factor for longer OS (HR=0.404, 95% CI: 0.171-0.954; p=0.039). Successful conversion surgery was also an independent predictive factor for longer PFS (HR=0.248, 95% CI: 0.099-0.622; p=0.003) and OS (HR=0.147, 95% CI: 0.039-0.554; p=0.005). Conclusions Early tumor response is an important predictive marker for successful conversion surgery and prolonged survival in patients with iuHCC treated using LTP conversion therapy. Conversion surgery is necessary to improve survival during conversion therapy, particularly for early responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Shaolong Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Zhihong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Chengwen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
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Guo B, Chen Q, Liu Z, Chen X, Zhu P. Adjuvant therapy following curative treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma: current dilemmas and prospects. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1098958. [PMID: 37139151 PMCID: PMC10149944 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1098958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Curative surgical treatments, mainly liver resection, are still one of the optimal options for patients with early-, mid-, and even progression-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the recurrence rate within 5 years after surgery is as high as 70%, especially in patients with high risk factors for recurrence, most of whom experience early recurrence within 2 years. Effective adjuvant therapy may improve prognosis, previous studies found that adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization, antiviral, and traditional Chinese medicine et al. were helpful in preventing HCC recurrence. Nevertheless, due to controversial results or lack of high-level evidence, there is no standardized postoperative management protocol worldwide at present. Continued exploration of effective postoperative adjuvant treatments to improve surgical prognosis is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhu,
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