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Kaboutari M, Asle-Rousta M, Mahmazi S. Protective effect of menthol against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, augmenting expression of BDNF and α7-nACh receptor, and improving spatial memory. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 981:176916. [PMID: 39154831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that can occur in people with acute or chronic liver disease. Here, we investigated the effects of menthol, a natural monoterpene, on HE induced by thioacetamide (TA) in male Wistar rats. The rats received 200 mg/kg of TA twice a week for four weeks and were administered 10 mg/kg of menthol intraperitoneally daily for the same period. The results showed that menthol treatment reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the livers and hippocampi of the rats that received TA. It also lowered the levels of ammonium and liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT in the serum of these animals and prevented liver histopathological damage. In addition, the expression and activity of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampus of HE model rats were decreased by menthol. Likewise, this monoterpene reduced the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the hippocampus while increasing the expression of BDNF and α7-nACh receptor. Menthol also reduced neuronal death in the hippocampal cornu ammonis-1 and dentate gyrus regions and reduced astrocyte swelling, which led to improved learning and spatial memory in rats with HE. In conclusion, the study suggests that menthol may have strong protective effects on the liver and brain, making it a potential treatment for HE and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Kaboutari
- Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Mahmazi
- Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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Casares N, Cuadrado-Tejedor M, García-Osta A, Lasarte JJ. The immune system: uncharted pathways between senses and the brain. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1173-1174. [PMID: 37905850 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Casares
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain (Casares N, Lasarte JJ)
| | - Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor
- Division of Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain (Cuadrado-Tejedor M, García-Osta A)
- Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain (Cuadrado-Tejedor M)
| | - Ana García-Osta
- Division of Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain (Cuadrado-Tejedor M, García-Osta A)
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain (Casares N, Lasarte JJ)
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Li X, Su Z, Wang C, Wu W, Zhang Y, Wang C. Mapping the evolution of inhaled drug delivery research: Trends, collaborations, and emerging frontiers. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103864. [PMID: 38141779 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled drug delivery is a unique administration route known for its ability to directly target pulmonary or brain regions, facilitating rapid onset and circumventing the hepatic first-pass effect. To characterize current global trends and provide a visual overview of the latest trends in inhaled drug delivery research, bibliometric analysis of data acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection database was performed via VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Inhaled drug delivery can not only be utilized in respiratory diseases but also has potential in other types of diseases for both fundamental and clinical applications. Overall, we provide an overview of present trends, collaborations, and newly discovered frontiers of inhaled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 404120, PR China
| | - Zhengxing Su
- Sichuan Kelun Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co. Ltd, Chengdu 611138, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Wen Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 404120, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, PR China.
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, PR China.
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Ribeiro J, Lopes I, Gomes AC. A New Perspective for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Exosome-like Liposomes to Deliver Natural Compounds and RNA Therapies. Molecules 2023; 28:6015. [PMID: 37630268 PMCID: PMC10458935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increment of the aging population in recent years, neurodegenerative diseases exert a major global disease burden, essentially as a result of the lack of treatments that stop the disease progression. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an example of a neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people globally, with no effective treatment. Natural compounds have emerged as a viable therapy to fill a huge gap in AD management, and in recent years, mostly fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic, RNA-based therapeutics have become a hot topic in the treatment of several diseases. Treatments of AD face significant limitations due to the complex and interconnected pathways that lead to their hallmarks and also due to the necessity to cross the blood-brain barrier. Nanotechnology has contributed to surpassing this bottleneck in the treatment of AD by promoting safe and enhanced drug delivery to the brain. In particular, exosome-like nanoparticles, a hybrid delivery system combining exosomes and liposomes' advantageous features, are demonstrating great potential in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ribeiro
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA)/Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.R.); (I.L.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Sustainability (IB-S), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ivo Lopes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA)/Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.R.); (I.L.)
| | - Andreia Castro Gomes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA)/Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.R.); (I.L.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Sustainability (IB-S), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Zhao J, Wang X, He Y, Xu P, Lai L, Chung Y, Pan X. The Role of T Cells in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Crit Rev Immunol 2023; 43:15-23. [PMID: 37943150 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory decline and cognitive impairment, which is related to hallmark protein aggregates, amyloid-β (Аβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles; the latter are accumulated with hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Immune cells play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Although the role of T cells in AD remains controversial, studies have shown that T cell deficiency is associated with increased AD pathology. In contrast, transplantation of T cells reduces AD pathology. T cells can help B cells generate anti-Аβ antibody to neutralize the toxin of Аβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau. T cells also activate macrophages to phagocytose misfolded proteins including Аβ and Tau. Recent data have also shown that AD animals have a damaged thymic microenvironment, especially thymic epithelial cells (TECs), resulting in decreased T cell numbers, which contribute to AD pathology. Therefore, regulation of T cell regeneration, for example by rejuvenating the thymic microenvironment, has the potential to be used in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; ImStem Biotechnology, Inc., 400 Farmington Avenue R1808, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yusheng He
- ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Laijun Lai
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Younggie Chung
- ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; ImStem Biotechnology, Inc., 400 Farmington Avenue R1808, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
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