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Richardson E, Bibi S, McLean F, Schimanski L, Rijal P, Ghraichy M, von Niederhäusern V, Trück J, Clutterbuck EA, O’Connor D, Luhn K, Townsend A, Peters B, Pollard AJ, Deane CM, Kelly DF. Computational mining of B cell receptor repertoires reveals antigen-specific and convergent responses to Ebola vaccination. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383753. [PMID: 39040106 PMCID: PMC11260629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of Ebolaviruses, such as Sudanvirus (SUDV) in Uganda in 2022, demonstrate that species other than the Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), which is currently the sole virus represented in current licensed vaccines, remain a major threat to global health. There is a pressing need to develop effective pan-species vaccines and novel monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics for Ebolavirus disease. In response to recent outbreaks, the two dose, heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen was developed and was tested in a large phase II clinical trial (EBL2001) as part of the EBOVAC2 consortium. Here, we perform bulk sequencing of the variable heavy chain (VH) of B cell receptors (BCR) in forty participants from the EBL2001 trial in order to characterize the BCR repertoire in response to vaccination with Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo. We develop a comprehensive database, EBOV-AbDab, of publicly available Ebolavirus-specific antibody sequences. We then use our database to predict the antigen-specific component of the vaccinee repertoires. Our results show striking convergence in VH germline gene usage across participants following the MVA-BN-Filo dose, and provide further evidence of the role of IGHV3-15 and IGHV3-13 antibodies in the B cell response to Ebolavirus glycoprotein. Furthermore, we found that previously described Ebola-specific mAb sequences present in EBOV-AbDab were sufficient to describe at least one of the ten most expanded BCR clonotypes in more than two thirds of our cohort of vaccinees following the boost, providing proof of principle for the utility of computational mining of immune repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Richardson
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Florence McLean
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pramila Rijal
- Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Ghraichy
- Divisions of Allergy and Immunology, University Children’s Hospital and Children’s Research Center, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentin von Niederhäusern
- Divisions of Allergy and Immunology, University Children’s Hospital and Children’s Research Center, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Trück
- Divisions of Allergy and Immunology, University Children’s Hospital and Children’s Research Center, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel O’Connor
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Luhn
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alain Townsend
- Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew J. Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dominic F. Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Adhikari A, Abayasingam A, Brasher NA, Kim HN, Lord M, Agapiou D, Maher L, Rodrigo C, Lloyd AR, Bull RA, Tedla N. Characterization of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis in patients infected with hepatitis C virus with different clinical outcomes. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29381. [PMID: 38235622 PMCID: PMC10953302 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Early neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and CD8 + T cell effector responses can lead to viral clearance. However, these functions alone are not sufficient to protect patients against HCV infection, thus undefined additional antiviral immune mechanisms are required. In recent years, Fc-receptor-dependent antibody effector functions, particularly, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) were shown to offer immune protection against several RNA viruses. However, its development and clinical role in patients with HCV infection remain unknown. In this study, we found that patients with chronic GT1a or GT3a HCV infection had significantly higher concentrations of anti-envelope 2 (E2) antibodies, predominantly IgG1 subclass, than patients that cleared the viruses while the latter had antibodies with higher affinities. 97% of the patients with HCV had measurable ADCP of whom patients with chronic disease showed significantly higher ADCP than those who naturally cleared the virus. Epitope mapping studies showed that patients with antibodies that target antigenic domains on the HCV E2 protein that are known to associate with neutralization function are also strongly associated with ADCP, suggesting antibodies with overlapping/dual functions. Correlation studies showed that ADCP significantly correlated with plasma anti-E2 antibody levels and neutralization function regardless of clinical outcome and genotype of infecting virus, while a significant correlation between ADCP and affinity was only evident in patients that cleared the virus. These results suggest ADCP was mostly driven by antibody titer in patients with chronic disease while maintained in clearers due to the quality (affinity) of their anti-E2 antibodies despite having lower antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Adhikari
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Infection and ImmunologyKathmandu Research Institute for Biological SciencesLalitpurNepal
| | - Arunasingam Abayasingam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nicholas A. Brasher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Molecular Surface Interaction Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Megan Lord
- Molecular Surface Interaction Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David Agapiou
- The Kirby InstituteUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lisa Maher
- The Kirby InstituteUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Chaturaka Rodrigo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- The Kirby InstituteUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rowena A. Bull
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- The Kirby InstituteUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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