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Chen Z, Ford KP, Islam MBAR, Wan H, Han H, Ramakrishnan A, Brown RJ, Villanueva V, Wang Y, Davis BT, Weiss C, Cui W, Gate D, Schwulst SJ. antiCD49d Ab treatment ameliorates age-associated inflammatory response and mitigates CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity after traumatic brain injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.596673. [PMID: 38948775 PMCID: PMC11212861 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.596673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Patients aged 65 years and older account for an increasing proportion of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Older TBI patients experience increased morbidity and mortality compared to their younger counterparts. Our prior data demonstrated that by blocking α4 integrin, anti-CD49d antibody (aCD49d Ab) abrogates CD8+ T-cell infiltration into the injured brain, improves survival, and attenuates neurocognitive deficits. Here, we aimed to uncover how aCD49d Ab treatment alters local cellular responses in the aged mouse brain. Consequently, mice incur age-associated toxic cytokine and chemokine responses long-term post-TBI. aCD49d Ab attenuates this response along with a T helper (Th)1/Th17 immunological shift and remediation of overall CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, aCD49d Ab reduces CD8+ T cells exhibiting higher effector status, leading to reduced clonal expansion in aged, but not young, mouse brains with chronic TBI. Together, aCD49d Ab is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating TBI in the older people. Graphic abstract Aged brains after TBI comprise two pools of CD8 + T cells . The aged brain has long been resided by a population of CD8 + T cells that's exhaustive and dysfunctional. Post TBI, due to BBB impairment, functional CD8 + T cells primarily migrate into the brain parenchyma. Aged, injury-associated microglia with upregulated MHC class I molecules can present neoantigens such as neuronal and/or myelin debris in the injured brains to functional CD8+ T, resulting in downstream CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. aCD49d Ab treatment exerts its function by blocking the migration of functional effector CD8 + T cell population, leading to less cytotoxicity and resulting in improved TBI outcomes in aged mice.
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Winford E, Lutshumba J, Martin BJ, Wilcock DM, Jicha GA, Nikolajczyk BS, Stowe AM, Bachstetter AD. Terminally differentiated effector memory T cells associate with cognitive and AD-related biomarkers in an aging-based community cohort. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:36. [PMID: 38867294 PMCID: PMC11167815 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The immune response changes during aging and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementia (ADRD). Terminally differentiated effector memory T cells (called TEMRA) are important during aging and AD due to their cytotoxic phenotype and association with cognitive decline. However, it is not clear if the changes seen in TEMRAs are specific to AD-related cognitive decline specifically or are more generally correlated with cognitive decline. This study aimed to examine whether TEMRAs are associated with cognition and plasma biomarkers of AD, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in a community-based cohort of older adults. METHODS Study participants from a University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (UK-ADRC) community-based cohort of aging and dementia were used to test our hypothesis. There were 84 participants, 44 women and 40 men. Participants underwent physical examination, neurological examination, medical history, cognitive testing, and blood collection to determine plasma biomarker levels (Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, total tau, Neurofilament Light chain (Nf-L), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)) and to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometry was used to analyze PBMCs from study participants for effector and memory T cell populations, including CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells (TCM), Naïve T cells, effector memory T cells (TEM), and effector memory CD45RA+ T cells (TEMRA) immune cell markers. RESULTS CD8+ TEMRAs were positively correlated with Nf-L and GFAP. We found no significant difference in CD8+ TEMRAs based on cognitive scores and no associations between CD8+ TEMRAs and AD-related biomarkers. CD4+ TEMRAs were associated with cognitive impairment on the MMSE. Gender was not associated with TEMRAs, but it did show an association with other T cell populations. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the accumulation of CD8+ TEMRAs may be a response to neuronal injury (Nf-L) and neuroinflammation (GFAP) during aging or the progression of AD and ADRD. As our findings in a community-based cohort were not clinically-defined AD participants but included all ADRDs, this suggests that TEMRAs may be associated with changes in systemic immune T cell subsets associated with the onset of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edric Winford
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St. Rm B459, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jenny Lutshumba
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St. Rm B459, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Barbara J Martin
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St. Rm B459, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Adam D Bachstetter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St. Rm B459, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Fujimori S, Ohigashi I. The role of thymic epithelium in thymus development and age-related thymic involution. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2024; 71:29-39. [PMID: 38735722 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.71.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The establishment of an adaptive immune system is critical for protecting our bodies from neoplastic cancers and invading pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. As a primary lymphoid organ, the thymus generates lymphoid T cells that play a major role in the adaptive immune system. T cell generation in the thymus is controlled by interactions between thymocytes and other thymic cells, primarily thymic epithelial cells. Thus, the normal development and function of thymic epithelial cells are important for the generation of immunocompetent and self-tolerant T cells. On the other hand, the degeneration of the thymic epithelium due to thymic aging causes thymic involution, which is associated with the decline of adaptive immune function. Herein we summarize basic and current knowledge of the development and function of thymic epithelial cells and the mechanism of thymic involution. J. Med. Invest. 71 : 29-39, February, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayumi Fujimori
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Winford E, Lutshumba J, Martin BJ, Wilcock DM, Jicha GA, Nikolajczyk BS, Stowe AM, Bachstetter AD. Terminally differentiated effector memory T cells associate with cognitive and AD-related biomarkers in an aging-based community cohort. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.27.568812. [PMID: 38077088 PMCID: PMC10705256 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.568812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose The immune response changes during aging and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementia (ADRD). Terminally differentiated effector memory T cells (called TEMRA) are important during aging and AD due to their cytotoxic phenotype and association with cognitive decline. However, it is not clear if the changes seen in TEMRAs are specific to AD-related cognitive decline specifically or are more generally correlated with cognitive decline. This study aimed to examine whether TEMRAs are associated with cognition and plasma biomarkers of AD, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in a community-based cohort of older adults. Methods Study participants from a University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (UK-ADRC) community-based cohort of aging and dementia were used to test our hypothesis. There were 84 participants, 44 women and 40 men. Participants underwent physical examination, neurological examination, medical history, cognitive testing, and blood collection to determine plasma biomarker levels (Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, total tau, Neurofilament Light chain (Nf-L), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)) and to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometry was used to analyze PBMCs from study participants for effector and memory T cell populations, including CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells (TCM), Naïve T cells, effector memory T cells (TEM), and effector memory CD45RA+ T cells (TEMRA) immune cell markers. Results CD8+ TEMRAs were positively correlated with Nf-L and GFAP. We found no significant difference in CD8+ TEMRAs based on cognitive scores and no associations between CD8+ TEMRAs and AD-related biomarkers. CD4+ TEMRAs were associated with cognitive impairment on the MMSE. Gender was not associated with TEMRAs, but it did show an association with other T cell populations. Conclusion These findings suggest that the accumulation of CD8+ TEMRAs may be a response to neuronal injury (Nf-L) and neuroinflammation (GFAP) during aging or the progression of AD and ADRD. As our findings in a community-based cohort were not clinically-defined AD participants but included all ADRDs, this suggests that TEMRAs may be associated with changes in systemic immune T cell subsets associated with the onset of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edric Winford
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jenny Lutshumba
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Barbara J. Martin
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Donna M. Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Clement M. The association of microbial infection and adaptive immune cell activation in Alzheimer's disease. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad015. [PMID: 38567070 PMCID: PMC10917186 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Early symptoms include the loss of memory and mild cognitive ability; however, as the disease progresses, these symptoms can present with increased severity manifesting as mood and behaviour changes, disorientation, and a loss of motor/body control. AD is one of the leading causes of death in the UK, and with an ever-increasing ageing society, patient numbers are predicted to rise posing a significant global health emergency. AD is a complex neurophysiological disorder where pathology is characterized by the deposition and aggregation of misfolded amyloid-beta (Aβ)-protein that in-turn promotes excessive tau-protein production which together drives neuronal cell dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. It is widely accepted that AD is driven by a combination of both genetic and immunological processes with recent data suggesting that adaptive immune cell activity within the parenchyma occurs throughout disease. The mechanisms behind these observations remain unclear but suggest that manipulating the adaptive immune response during AD may be an effective therapeutic strategy. Using immunotherapy for AD treatment is not a new concept as the only two approved treatments for AD use antibody-based approaches to target Aβ. However, these have been shown to only temporarily ease symptoms or slow progression highlighting the urgent need for newer treatments. This review discusses the role of the adaptive immune system during AD, how microbial infections may be contributing to inflammatory immune activity and suggests how adaptive immune processes can pose as therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Clement
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Amin J, Gee C, Stowell K, Coulthard D, Boche D. T Lymphocytes and Their Potential Role in Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Cells 2023; 12:2283. [PMID: 37759503 PMCID: PMC10528562 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia. People with DLB have an inferior prognosis compared to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the diseases overlap in their neuropathology and clinical syndrome. It is imperative that we enhance our understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of DLB. The impact of peripheral inflammation on the brain in dementia has been increasingly explored in recent years, with T lymphocyte recruitment into brain parenchyma identified in AD and Parkinson's disease. There is now a growing range of literature emerging on the potential role of innate and adaptive immune cells in DLB, including T lymphocytes. In this review, we examine the profile of T lymphocytes in DLB, focusing on studies of post-mortem brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood compartment. We present an integrated viewpoint on the results of these studies by proposing how changes to the T lymphocyte profile in the brain and periphery may relate to each other. Improving our understanding of T lymphocytes in DLB has the potential to guide the development of disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Amin
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Memory Assessment and Research Centre, Tom Rudd Unit, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO30 3JB, UK
| | - Claire Gee
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Memory Assessment and Research Centre, Tom Rudd Unit, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO30 3JB, UK
| | - Kiran Stowell
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Daisy Coulthard
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Abbaoui A, Fatoba O, Yamashita T. Meningeal T cells function in the central nervous system homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1181071. [PMID: 37608988 PMCID: PMC10440440 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1181071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a rising interest is given to neuroimmune communication in physiological and neuropathological conditions. Meningeal immunity is a complex immune environment housing different types of immune cells. Here, we focus on meningeal T cells, possibly the most explored aspect of neuro-immune cell interactions. Emerging data have shown that meningeal T cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. This review highlights how meningeal T cells may contribute to immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) and regulate neurobehavioral functions through the secretion of cytokines. Overall, this review assesses the recent knowledge of meningeal T cells and their effects on CNS functioning in both health and disease conditions and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Abbaoui
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Oluwaseun Fatoba
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Zhang Y, Miao Y, Tan J, Chen F, Lei P, Zhang Q. Identification of mitochondrial related signature associated with immune microenvironment in Alzheimer's disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:458. [PMID: 37434203 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction and immune responses are important factors in the pathogenesis of AD, but their crosstalk in AD has not been studied. In this study, the independent role and interaction of mitochondria-related genes and immune cell infiltration in AD were investigated using bioinformatics methods. METHODS The datasets of AD were obtained from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the data of mitochondrial genes was from MitoCarta3.0 database. Subsequently, differential expression genes (DEGs) screening and GSEA functional enrichment analysis were performed. The intersection of DEGs and mitochondrial related genes was used to obtain MitoDEGs. The MitoDEGs most relevant to AD were determined by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multiple support vector machine recursive feature elimination, as well as protein-protein interactions (PPI) network and random forest. The infiltration of 28 kinds of immune cells in AD was analyzed by ssGSEA, and the relationship between hub MitoDEGs and the proportion of immune infiltration was studied. The expression levels of hub MitoDEGs were verified in cell models and AD mice, and the role of OPA1 in mitochondrial damage and neuronal apoptosis was investigated. RESULTS The functions and pathways of DEGs were significantly enriched in AD, including immune response activation, IL1R pathway, mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative damage response and electron transport chain-oxphos system in mitochondria. Hub MitoDEGs closely related to AD were obtained based on PPI network, random forest and two machine learning algorithms. Five hub MitoDEGs associated with neurological disorders were identified by biological function examination. The hub MitoDEGs were found to be correlated with memory B cell, effector memory CD8 T cell, activated dendritic cell, natural killer T cell, type 17 T helper cell, Neutrophil, MDSC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell. These genes can also be used to predict the risk of AD and have good diagnostic efficacy. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of BDH1, TRAP1, OPA1, DLD in cell models and AD mice were consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis, and expression levels of SPG7 showed a downward trend. Meanwhile, OPA1 overexpression alleviated mitochondrial damage and neuronal apoptosis induced by Aβ1-42. CONCLUSIONS Five potential hub MitoDEGs most associated with AD were identified. Their interaction with immune microenvironment may play a crucial role in the occurrence and prognosis of AD, which provides a new insight for studying the potential pathogenesis of AD and exploring new targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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