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Zhou B, Hong M, Jin L, Ling K. Exploring the relationship between creatine supplementation and renal function: insights from Mendelian randomization analysis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2364762. [PMID: 38874125 PMCID: PMC11232645 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2364762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creatine supplementation is ubiquitously consumed by fitness enthusiasts due to its perceived advantages in enhancing athletic performance. Although there is an increasing concern within this demographic regarding its possible impact on renal function, there is still a lack of rigorous scientific investigations into this alleged association. METHODS Data were collected through an online survey on the participants' demographics, creatine usage and concerns related to renal function. The reliability and validity of the survey were assessed using SPSS software. A total of 1129 participants responded to the survey, and chi-square tests were utilized for data analysis. To explore the potential association between creatine levels (as the exposure) and renal function (as the outcome), we utilized open-access genetic databases, and Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques were used to confirm this correlation. RESULTS Chi-square analysis revealed no significant association between creatine usage and renal function among the participants. Our MR analysis further supported this finding, demonstrating no significant association between creatine levels and six indicators assessing renal function (IVW, all with p values exceeding 0.05). Similar p values were consistently observed across other MR methods, confirming the absence of a statistical correlation. CONCLUSIONS This MR study offers compelling evidence indicating that creatine levels are not statistically associated with renal function, suggesting the potential to alleviate concerns within the fitness community and emphasizing the significance of evidence-based decision-making when considering nutritional supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical, Jiaxing, China
| | - Minping Hong
- Department of Radiology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical, Jiaxing, China
| | - Liqin Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Keng Ling
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing, China
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Liu Q, Zhang L, Chen Z, He Y, Huang Y, Qiu C, Zhu C, Zhou D, Gan Z, Gao X, Wan G. Metabolic Profiling of Cochlear Organoids Identifies α-Ketoglutarate and NAD + as Limiting Factors for Hair Cell Reprogramming. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2308032. [PMID: 38993037 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cochlear hair cells are the sensory cells responsible for transduction of acoustic signals. In mammals, damaged hair cells do not regenerate, resulting in permanent hearing loss. Reprogramming of the surrounding supporting cells to functional hair cells represent a novel strategy to hearing restoration. However, cellular processes governing the efficient and functional hair cell reprogramming are not completely understood. Employing the mouse cochlear organoid system, detailed metabolomic characterizations of the expanding and differentiating organoids are performed. It is found that hair cell differentiation is associated with increased mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity and reactive oxidative species generation. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicate reduced expression of oxidoreductases and tricyclic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. The metabolic decoupling between ETC and TCA cycle limits the availability of the key metabolic cofactors, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Reduced expression of NAD+ in cochlear supporting cells by PGC1α deficiency further impairs hair cell reprogramming, while supplementation of α-KG and NAD+ promotes hair cell reprogramming both in vitro and in vivo. These findings reveal metabolic rewiring as a central cellular process during hair cell differentiation, and highlight the insufficiency of key metabolites as a metabolic barrier for efficient hair cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Linqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Yihan He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Yuhang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Cui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Chengwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Danxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Zhenji Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Xia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Saito S, Cao DY, Maekawa T, Tsuji NM, Okuno A. Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris C60 Upregulates Macrophage Function by Modifying Metabolic Preference in Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1928. [PMID: 38792006 PMCID: PMC11120145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris C60 is a probiotic strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which induces various immune modifications in myeloid lineage cells. These modifications subsequently regulate T cell function, resulting in enhanced immunity both locally and systemically. Here, we report that C60 suppresses tumor growth by enhancing macrophage function via metabolic alterations, thereby increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in a murine melanoma model. Intragastric (i.g.) administration of C60 significantly reduced tumor volume compared to saline administration in mice. The anti-tumor function of intratumor (IT) macrophage was upregulated in mice administered with C60, as evidenced by an increased inflammatory phenotype (M1) rather than an anti-inflammatory/reparative (M2) phenotype, along with enhanced antigen-presenting ability, resulting in increased tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Through this functional modification, we identified that C60 establishes a glycolysis-dominant metabolism, rather than fatty acid oxidation (FAO), in IT macrophages, leading to increased intracellular ATP levels. To address the question of why orally supplemented C60 exhibits functions in distal places, we found a possibility that bacterial cell wall components, which could be distributed throughout the body from the gut, may induce stimulatory signals in peripheral macrophages via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling activation. Thus, C60 strengthens macrophage anti-tumor immunity by promoting a predominant metabolic shift towards glycolysis upon TLR-mediated stimulation, thereby increasing substantial energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Saito
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Division of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 3290431, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Duo-Yao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Toshio Maekawa
- iFoodMed Inc., Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 3000873, Japan;
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Immune Homeostasis, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 1738610, Japan;
| | - Noriko M. Tsuji
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Immune Homeostasis, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 1738610, Japan;
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 1738610, Japan
- Department of Food Science, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama 3528510, Japan
| | - Alato Okuno
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Design, Shibata Gakuen University, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368530, Japan
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Alanazi S, Doonan J, Lumb FE, Alenzi N, Jabbar S, Al-Riyami L, Suckling CJ, Harnett W, Watson DG. Reduction in creatine metabolites in macrophages exposed to small molecule analogues of the anti-inflammatory parasitic worm product ES-62. Parasite Immunol 2024; 46:e13026. [PMID: 38372616 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
ES-62, a protein secreted by Acanthocheilonema viteae, is anti-inflammatory by virtue of covalently attached phosphorylcholine (PC) residues and thus a library of drug-like small molecule analogues (SMAs) based on its PC moieties has been designed for therapeutic purposes. Two members, SMAs 11a and 12b, were previously found to suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) exposed to cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG), agonists for Toll-like receptor 9. In order to explore the mechanism of action underlying such activities, an untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics screen was undertaken. Stimulation of BMMs with CpG produced significant metabolic changes relating to glycolysis and the TCA cycle but the SMAs had little impact on this. Also, the SMAs did not promote alterations in metabolites known to be associated with macrophage M1/M2 polarization. Rather, BMMs exposed to SMAs 11a or 12b prior to CpG treatment, or even alone, revealed downregulation of metabolites of creatine, a molecule whose major role is in the transport of high energy phosphate from the mitochondria to the cytosol. These data therefore provide insight into a possible mechanism of action of molecules with significant therapeutic potential that has not previously been described for parasitic worm products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alanazi
- King Saud University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - F E Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - N Alenzi
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Jabbar
- Department of Biology, University of Kirkuk, College of Science, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - L Al-Riyami
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - C J Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - W Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - D G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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