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Koch PF, Ludwig K, Krenzien F, Hillebrandt KH, Schöning W, Pratschke J, Raschzok N, Sauer IM, Moosburner S. miRNA as potential biomarkers after liver transplantation: A systematic review. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2024; 38:100831. [PMID: 38237243 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2024.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is a life-saving therapy for end-stage liver disease patients, but acute cellular rejection (ACR) and graft complications remain significant postoperative challenges. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes, but their diagnosis rely currently on invasive biopsy sampling, thus prompting the search for non-invasive Biomarkers. MicroRNA (miRNA) have emerged as promising biomarkers in various pathological conditions, and their potential utility in diagnosing acute cellular rejection after liver transplantation has gained significant interest. METHODS This systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry analyzes studies exploring miRNA as biomarkers for ACR and graft dysfunction in liver transplantation (PROSPERO ID CRD42023465278). The Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias was employed. Population data, identified miRNA and their dynamic regulation, as well as event prediction were compared. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review. Various investigated miRNAs were upregulated in association with acute cellular rejection, like miR-122, miR-155, miR-181, miR-483-3p, and miR-885-5p, demonstrating great biomarker potential. Additionally, several studies conducted target gene analysis, revealing insights into cellular mechanisms linked to ACR. Moreover, various miRNA were also capable of predicting different organ complications following transplantation, expanding their versatility. Remaining challenges include the standardization of miRNA profiling, the need for functional validation, and the necessity for long-term studies. CONCLUSION The results highlight the potential of miRNA as specific, non-invasive biomarkers for ACR and graft dysfunction following liver transplantation. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and establish standardized diagnostic panels to incorporate them into clinical practice and explore miRNA-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia F Koch
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Ludwig
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl H Hillebrandt
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Schöning
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon Moosburner
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Gaál Z. Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1942. [PMID: 38339220 PMCID: PMC10856342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-23 nucleotide long, evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this review, involvement of miRNAs is summarized in the differentiation and function of immune cells, in anti-infective immune responses, immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases. Roles of miRNAs in anticancer immunity and in the transplantation of solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells are also discussed. Major focus is put on the translational clinical applications of miRNAs, including the establishment of noninvasive biomarkers for differential diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. Patient selection and response prediction to biological therapy is one of the most promising fields of application. Replacement or inhibition of miRNAs has enormous therapeutic potential, with constantly expanding possibilities. Although important challenges still await solutions, evaluation of miRNA fingerprints may contribute to an increasingly personalized management of immune dysregulation with a remarkable reduction in toxicity and treatment side effects. More detailed knowledge of the molecular effects of physical exercise and nutrition on the immune system may facilitate self-tailored lifestyle recommendations and advances in prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Gaál
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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