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Li L, Matsui Y, Prahl MK, Cassidy AG, Golan Y, Jigmeddagva U, Ozarslan N, Lin CY, Buarpung S, Gonzalez VJ, Chidboy MA, Basilio E, Lynch KL, Song D, Jegatheesan P, Rai DS, Govindaswami B, Needens J, Rincon M, Myatt L, Taha TY, Montano M, Ott M, Greene WC, Gaw SL. Neutralizing and binding antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 with hybrid immunity in pregnancy. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:156. [PMID: 39191763 PMCID: PMC11349990 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 has not been well studied in pregnancy. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) and binding antibodies in pregnant individuals who received mRNA vaccination, natural infection, or both. A third vaccine dose augmented nAb levels compared to the two-dose regimen or natural infection alone; this effect was more pronounced in hybrid immunity. There was reduced anti-Omicron nAb, but the maternal-fetal transfer efficiency remained comparable to that of other variants. Vaccine-induced nAbs were transferred more efficiently than infection-induced nAbs. Anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG was associated with nAb against wild-type (Wuhan-Hu-1) following breakthrough infection. Both vaccination and infection-induced anti-RBD IgA, which was more durable than anti-nucleocapsid IgA. IgA response was attenuated in pregnancy compared to non-pregnant controls. These data provide additional evidence of augmentation of humoral immune responses in hybrid immunity in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yusuke Matsui
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Michael Hulton Center for HIV Cure Research at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary K Prahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arianna G Cassidy
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yarden Golan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Unurzul Jigmeddagva
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nida Ozarslan
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Y Lin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sirirak Buarpung
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Veronica J Gonzalez
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Megan A Chidboy
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emilia Basilio
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara L Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dongli Song
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Priya Jegatheesan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Daljeet S Rai
- Stanford-O'Connor Family Medicine Residency Program, Division of Family Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Balaji Govindaswami
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jordan Needens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Monica Rincon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Taha Y Taha
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Michael Hulton Center for HIV Cure Research at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mauricio Montano
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Michael Hulton Center for HIV Cure Research at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Michael Hulton Center for HIV Cure Research at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Warner C Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Michael Hulton Center for HIV Cure Research at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Gaw
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Khalifeh M, Rubin LG, Dayya D, Cerise J, Skinner K, Maloney M, Walworth C, Petropoulos CJ, Wrin T, Chun K, Weinberger B. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and breast milk. J Perinatol 2024; 44:28-34. [PMID: 38092879 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We quantified neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody against spike protein (nAb) levels after vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in maternal serum, cord blood, and breast milk and determined whether they correlate with levels of spike protein binding antibody. STUDY DESIGN Women (n = 100) were enrolled on admission for delivery. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined by anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. Levels of nAb and binding antibodies against spike receptor binding domain were measured in maternal blood, cord blood, and milk. RESULTS Maternal nAb levels were higher after vaccine and infection than vaccine alone but waned rapidly. Levels of nAb in cord blood and milk correlated with maternal levels and were higher in cord blood than maternal. Spike protein binding antibody levels correlated with nAb. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 vaccination near delivery may boost antibody-mediated immunity in the peripartum period. Neutralizing antibodies are passed transplacentally and into milk. Spike protein binding antibody may be a feasible proxy for nAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Khalifeh
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Phelps Hospital, Northwell Health, Sleepy Hollow, NY, USA
| | - Lorry G Rubin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - David Dayya
- Division of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, Department of Surgery, Phelps Hospital, Northwell Health, Sleepy Hollow, NY, USA
| | - Jane Cerise
- Biostatistics Unit, Office of Academic Affairs, Northwell School, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Karen Skinner
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Phelps Hospital, Northwell Health, Sleepy Hollow, NY, USA
| | - Mona Maloney
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Phelps Hospital, Northwell Health, Sleepy Hollow, NY, USA
| | - Charles Walworth
- Labcorp-Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Terri Wrin
- Labcorp-Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kelly Chun
- Labcorp-Esoterix, Calabasas, CA, 91301, USA
| | - Barry Weinberger
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
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