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Galasso L, Cerrito L, Maccauro V, Termite F, Mignini I, Esposto G, Borriello R, Ainora ME, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA. Inflammatory Response in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Double-Edged Weapon. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7191. [PMID: 39000296 PMCID: PMC11241080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent among primary liver tumors (90%) and one of the main causes of cancer-related death. It develops usually in a chronically inflamed environment, ranging from compensatory parenchymal regeneration to fibrosis and cirrhosis: carcinogenesis can potentially happen in each of these stages. Inflammation determined by chronic viral infection (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis delta viruses) represents an important risk factor for HCC etiology through both viral direct damage and immune-related mechanisms. The deregulation of the physiological liver immunological network determined by viral infection can lead to carcinogenesis. The recent introduction of immunotherapy as the gold-standard first-line treatment for HCC highlights the role of the immune system and inflammation as a double-edged weapon in both HCC carcinogenesis and treatment. In this review we highlight how the inflammation is the key for the hepatocarcinogenesis in viral, alcohol and metabolic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Galasso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Cerrito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Maccauro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Termite
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Mignini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Esposto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Borriello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Ainora
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Zhou Z, Mai Y, Zhang G, Wang Y, Sun P, Jing Z, Li Z, Xu Y, Han B, Liu J. Emerging role of immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy: Advancing next-generation CAR-T cell immunotherapy by combination. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217079. [PMID: 38936505 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a stress-driven form of regulated cell death (RCD) in which dying tumor cells' specific signaling pathways are activated to release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to the robust anti-tumor immune response as well as a reversal of the tumor immune microenvironment from "cold" to "hot". Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, as a landmark in anti-tumor immunotherapy, plays a formidable role in hematologic malignancies but falls short in solid tumors. The Gordian knot of CAR-T cells for solid tumors includes but is not limited to, tumor antigen heterogeneity or absence, physical and immune barriers of tumors. The combination of ICD induction therapy and CAR-T cell immunotherapy is expected to promote the intensive use of CAR-T cell in solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of ICD, stress-responsive mechanism, and the synergistic effect of various ICD-based therapies with CAR-T cells to effectively improve anti-tumor capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yumiao Mai
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Pan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhaohe Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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Ma Q, Durga P, Wang FXC, Yao HP, Wang MH. Pharmaceutical innovation and advanced biotechnology in the biotech-pharmaceutical industry for antibody-drug conjugate development. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104057. [PMID: 38844064 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), from prototypes in the 1980s to first- and second-generation products in the 2000s, and now in their multiformats, have progressed tremendously to meet oncological challenges. Currently, 13 ADCs have been approved for medical practice, with over 200 candidates in clinical trials. Moreover, ADCs have evolved into different formats, including bispecific ADCs, probody-drug conjugates, pH-responsive ADCs, target-degrading ADCs, and immunostimulating ADCs. Technologies from biopharmaceutical industries have a crucial role in the clinical transition of these novel biotherapeutics. In this review, we highlight several features contributing to the prosperity of bioindustrial ADC development. Various proprietary technologies from biopharmaceutical companies are discussed. Such advances in biopharmaceutical industries are the backbone for the success of ADCs in development and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ma
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urological Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Comprehensive Genitourinary Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Puro Durga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | | | - Hang-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Ming-Hai Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA.
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Kabagwira J, Fuller RN, Vallejos PA, Sugiono CS, Andrianarijaona VM, Chism JB, O'Leary MP, Molina DC, Langridge W, Senthil M, Wall NR. Amplifying Curcumin's Antitumor Potential: A Heat-Driven Approach for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:63-78. [PMID: 38313386 PMCID: PMC10838088 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s448024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) present a significant clinical challenge with poor prognosis, often unresponsive to systemic chemotherapy. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a treatment approach for select patients. The use of curcumin, a natural compound with antitumor properties, in HIPEC is of interest due to its lower side effects compared to conventional drugs and potential for increased efficacy through direct delivery to the peritoneal cavity. Methods An in vitro hyperthermic model was developed to simulate clinical HIPEC conditions. Three colon cancer cell lines (SK-CO-1, COLO205, SNU-C1) representing different genetic mutations (p53, KRAS, BRAF) were treated with either curcumin (25 µM) or mitomycin-C (1 µM) for 1, 2, or 3 hours. Post-treatment, cells were incubated at 37°C (normothermia) or 42°C (hyperthermia). Cell viability and proliferation were assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-treatment using Annexin V/PI, MTT assay, trypan blue exclusion, and Hoffman microscopy. Results Hyperthermia significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of curcumin, evidenced by a two-fold reduction in cell viability compared to normothermia across all cell lines. In the SNU-C1 cell line, which harbors a p53 mutation, mitomycin-C failed to significantly impact cell viability, unlike curcumin, suggesting mutation-specific differences in treatment response. Discussion The findings indicate that hyperthermia augments the antitumor effects of curcumin in vitro, supporting the hypothesis that curcumin could be a more effective HIPEC agent than traditional drugs like mitomycin-C. Mutation-associated differences in response to treatments were observed, particularly in p53 mutant cells. While further studies are needed, these preliminary results suggest that curcumin in HIPEC could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC patients with peritoneal metastases. This approach may offer improved outcomes with fewer side effects, particularly in genetically distinct CRC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janviere Kabagwira
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ryan N Fuller
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Vallejos
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Chase S Sugiono
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Jazmine Brianna Chism
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael P O'Leary
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - David Caba Molina
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - William Langridge
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Maheswari Senthil
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Irvine Medical Center, University of California, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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