1
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Tongmuang N, Cai KQ, An J, Novy M, Jensen LE. Floxed Il1rl2 Locus with mCherry Reporter Element Reveals Distinct Expression Patterns of the IL-36 Receptor in Barrier Tissues. Cells 2024; 13:787. [PMID: 38727323 PMCID: PMC11083296 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-36 cytokines are emerging as beneficial in immunity against pathogens and cancers but can also be detrimental when dysregulated in autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions. Interest in targeting IL-36 activity for therapeutic purposes is rapidly growing, yet many unknowns about the functions of these cytokines remain. Thus, the availability of robust research tools is essential for both fundamental basic science and pre-clinical studies to fully access outcomes of any manipulation of the system. For this purpose, a floxed Il1rl2, the gene encoding the IL-36 receptor, mouse strain was developed to facilitate the generation of conditional knockout mice. The targeted locus was engineered to contain an inverted mCherry reporter sequence that upon Cre-mediated recombination will be flipped and expressed under the control of the endogenous Il1rl2 promoter. This feature can be used to confirm knockout in individual cells but also as a reporter to determine which cells express the IL-36 receptor IL-1RL2. The locus was confirmed to function as intended and further used to demonstrate the expression of IL-1RL2 in barrier tissues. Il1rl2 expression was detected in leukocytes in all barrier tissues. Interestingly, strong expression was observed in epithelial cells at locations in direct contact with the environment such as the skin, oral mucosa, the esophagus, and the upper airways, but almost absent from epithelial cells at more inward facing sites, including lung alveoli, the small intestine, and the colon. These findings suggest specialized functions of IL-1RL2 in outward facing epithelial tissues and cells. The generated mouse model should prove valuable in defining such functions and may also facilitate basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopprarat Tongmuang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kathy Q. Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jiahui An
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mariah Novy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Liselotte E. Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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2
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Anzaghe M, Niles MA, Korotkova E, Dominguez M, Kronhart S, Ortega Iannazzo S, Bechmann I, Bachmann M, Mühl H, Kochs G, Waibler Z. Interleukin-36γ is causative for liver damage upon infection with Rift Valley fever virus in type I interferon receptor-deficient mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194733. [PMID: 37720217 PMCID: PMC10502725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) are pro-inflammatory cytokines which can also exert anti-inflammatory effects via the regulation of interleukin (IL)-1 family members. Several studies showed that interferon receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice develop severe liver damage upon treatment with artificial agonists such as acetaminophen or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. In order to investigate if these mechanisms also play a role in an acute viral infection, experiments with the Bunyaviridae family member Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) were performed. Upon RVFV clone (cl)13 infection, IFNAR-deficient mice develop a severe liver injury as indicated by high activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histological analyses. Infected IFNAR-/- mice expressed high amounts of IL-36γ within the liver, which was not observed in infected wildtype (WT) animals. In line with this, treatment of WT mice with recombinant IL-36γ induced ALT activity. Furthermore, administration of an IL-36 receptor antagonist prior to infection prevented the formation of liver injury in IFNAR-/- mice, indicating that IL-36γ is causative for the observed liver damage. Mice deficient for adaptor molecules of certain pattern recognition receptors indicated that IL-36γ induction was dependent on mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein and the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor. Consequently, cell type-specific IFNAR knockouts revealed that type I IFN signaling in myeloid cells is critical in order to prevent IL-36γ expression and liver injury upon viral infection. Our data demonstrate an anti-inflammatory role of type I IFN in a model for virus-induced hepatitis by preventing the expression of the novel IL-1 family member IL-36γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Anzaghe
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Marc A. Niles
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ingo Bechmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Malte Bachmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heiko Mühl
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoe Waibler
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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3
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Li M, Jiang W, Wang Z, Lu Y, Zhang J. New insights on IL‑36 in intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:275. [PMID: 37206554 PMCID: PMC10189745 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily, which includes three receptor agonists and one antagonist and exhibits a familial feature of inflammatory regulation. Distributed among various tissues, such as the skin, lung, gut and joints, the mechanism of IL-36 has been most completely investigated in the skin and has been used in clinical treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis. Meanwhile, the role of IL-36 in the intestine has also been under scrutiny and has been shown to be involved in the regulation of various intestinal diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer are the most predominant inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the intestine, and multiple studies have identified a complex role for IL-36 in both of them. Indeed, inhibiting IL-36 signaling is currently regarded as a promising therapeutic approach. Therefore, the present review briefly describes the composition and expression of IL-36 and focuses on the role of IL-36 in intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. The targeted therapies that are currently being developed for the IL-36 receptor are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Zehui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Yihan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Jun Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 8th Floor, 8th Building, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
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4
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Poudel M, Bhattarai PY, Shrestha P, Choi HS. Regulation of Interleukin-36γ/IL-36R Signaling Axis by PIN1 in Epithelial Cell Transformation and Breast Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153654. [PMID: 35954317 PMCID: PMC9367291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Members of the interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine family exhibit dual functions in the regulation of inflammation and cancer. Recent studies have shown the critical role of IL-36γ, the newly identified IL-1 family member, in the regulation of cellular processes implicated in the progression of cancer. Therefore, the underlying mechanism of IL-36γ in tumor development is of considerable interest. Here, we identified the pivotal role of IL-36γ in the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Consistently, IL-36γ was found to promote epithelial cell transformation via the activation of c-Fos, c-Jun, and AP-1 transcription factors, followed by the IL36R-mediated MEK/ERK and JNK/c-Jun cascades. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate the critical role of PIN1 in the regulation of IL-36γ-induced mammary gland tumorigenesis. Abstract Given the increasing recognition of the relationship between IL-1 cytokines, inflammation, and cancer, the significance of distinct members of the IL-1 cytokine family in the etiology of cancer has been widely researched. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of the IL-36γ/IL-36R axis during breast cancer progression, which has not yet been elucidated. Initially, we determined the effects of IL-36γ on the proliferation and epithelial cell transformation of JB6 Cl41 mouse epidermal and MCF7 human breast cancer cells using BrdU incorporation and anchorage-independent growth assays. We found that treatment with IL-36γ increased the proliferation and colony formation of JB6 Cl41 and MCF7 cells. Analysis of the mechanism underlying the neoplastic cell transformation revealed that IL-36γ induced IL-36R-mediated phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and c-Jun, resulting in increased c-Fos, c-Jun, and AP-1 activities in JB6 Cl41 and MCF7 cells. Furthermore, the IL-36γ-induced tumorigenic capacity of MCF7 cells was considerably enhanced by PIN1, following MEK/ERK and JNK/c-Jun signaling. Interestingly, blocking PIN1 activity using juglone suppressed the IL-36γ-induced increase in the anchorage-independent growth of 4T1 metastatic mouse breast cancer cells. Finally, in a syngeneic mouse model, IL-36γ-induced tumor growth in the breast mammary gland was significantly inhibited following PIN1 knockout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong Seok Choi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-622306379; Fax: +82-622225414
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Tsujikawa R, Thapa J, Okubo T, Nakamura S, Zhang S, Furuta Y, Higashi H, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydia trachomatis L2/434/Bu Favors Hypoxia for its Growth in Human Lymphoid Jurkat Cells While Maintaining Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:265. [PMID: 35859064 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The role of lymphocytes as a cornerstone of the inflammatory response in the invasive pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) LGV (L1-3) infection is unclear. Therefore, we assessed whether the adaptation of CtL2 to immortal lymphoid Jurkat cells under hypoxic conditions occurred through proinflammatory cytokine profile modification. The quantities of inclusion-forming units with chlamydial 16S rDNA confirmed that CtL2 grew well under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions in the cells. Confocal microscopic imaging and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of bacterial progeny in the inclusions and showed that the inclusions were larger under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions; this was supported by the results of 3D image construction. Furthermore, PCR-based analysis of proinflammatory cytokines revealed that the gene expression levels under hypoxic conditions were significantly higher than those under normoxic conditions. In particular, the expression of two genes (CXCL8 and CXCR3) was significantly diminished under normoxic conditions. Taken together, the results indicated that hypoxia promoted CtL2 growth in Jurkat cells while maintaining the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, Ct LGV infection in lymphocytes under hypoxic conditions might be crucial to a complete understanding of the invasive pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Tsujikawa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, and Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Saicheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furuta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
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6
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Shang Y, Yang HX, Li X, Zhang Y, Chen N, Jiang XL, Zhang ZH, Zuo RM, Wang H, Lan XQ, Ren J, Wu YL, Cui ZY, Nan JX, Lian LH. Modulation of IL-36-based inflammatory feedback loop through hepatocytes-derived IL-36R-P2X7R axis improves steatosis in alcoholic steatohepatitis. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4378-4399. [PMID: 35481896 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE IL-36 is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and itself promotes inflammatory responses, shaping an IL-36-based inflammation loop. Although, hepatocytes, as "epithelial cell-like" hepatic parenchymal cells, produce IL-36 responses to drug-induced liver injury, little is known about the mechanistic role of the IL-36 signalling during the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). Regarding IL-36/IL-36R and P2X7R coregulates the inflammatory response, we elucidated the modulation of IL-36R-P2X7R-TLRs axis affected hepatocytes steatosis and IL-36-based inflammatory feedback loop that accompanies the onset of ASH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J mice were subjected to chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding or acute gavage with multiple doses of ethanol to establish ASH, followed by pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of IL-36R and P2X7R. AML12 cells or mouse primary hepatocytes were stimulated with alcohol, LPS plus ATP or Poly(I:C) plus ATP, followed by silencing of IL-36γ, IL-36R or P2X7R. KEY RESULTS P2X7R and IL-36R deficiency blocked the inflammatory loop, especially made by IL-36 cytokines, in hepatocytes of mice suffering from ASH. Pharmacological inhibition to P2X7R or IL-36R alleviated lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in ASH. IL-36R was indispensable for P2X7R modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ASH and IL-36 led to a vicious cycle of P2X7R-driven inflammation in alcohol-exposed hepatocytes. TLR ligands promoted IL-36γ production in hepatocytes based on the synergism of P2X7R. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Blockade of IL-36-based inflammatory feedback loop via IL-36R-P2X7R-TLRs-modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation circumvented the steatosis and inflammation that accompanies the onset of ASH, suggesting that targeting IL-36 might serve as a novel therapeutic approach to combat ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rong-Mei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Lan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
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7
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The role of IL-36 subfamily in intestinal disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:223-230. [PMID: 35166319 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 is a subfamily, of the IL-1 super-family and includes IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-38 and IL-36Ra. IL-36 cytokines are involved in the pathology of multiple tissues, including skin, lung, oral cavity, intestine, kidneys and joints. Recent studies suggest that IL-36 signaling regulates autoimmune disease in addition to antibacterial and antiviral responses. Most research has focused on IL-36 in skin diseases such as psoriasis, however, studies on intestinal diseases are also underway. This review outlines what is known about the bioactivity of the IL-36 subfamily and its role in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, gut dysbacteriosis and infection, and proposes that IL-36 may be a target for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat intestinal diseases.
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8
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Ohno M, Imai T, Chatani M, Nishida A, Inatomi O, Kawahara M, Hoshino T, Andoh A. The anti-inflammatory and protective role of interleukin-38 in inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:64-71. [PMID: 35068683 PMCID: PMC8764106 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 exerts an anti-inflammatory function by binding to several cytokine receptors, including the IL-36 receptor. In this study, we evaluated IL-38 expression in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and investigated its functions. IL-38 mRNA expression in endoscopic biopsy samples was evaluated using quantitative PCR. IL-38 protein expression was analyzed using immunohistochemical technique. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was induced in C57BL/6 background IL-38KO mice. The IL-38 mRNA and protein expression were enhanced in the active mucosa of ulcerative colitis, but not in Crohn's disease. The ratio of IL-36γ to IL-38 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in the active mucosa of UC patients. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that B cells are the major cellular source of IL-38 in the colonic mucosa. IL-38 dose-dependently suppressed the IL-36γ-induced mRNA expression of CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8) in HT-29 and T84 cells. IL-38 inhibited the IL-36γ-induced activation of nuclear-factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases in HT-29 cells. DSS-colitis was significantly exacerbated in IL-38KO mice compared to wild type mice. In conclusion, IL-38 may play an anti-inflammatory and protective role in the pathophysiology of IBD, in particular ulcerative colitis, through the suppression of IL-36-induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ohno
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Imai
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Motoharu Chatani
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
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9
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Me R, Gao N, Zhang Y, Lee PSY, Wang J, Liu T, Standiford TJ, Mi QS, Yu FSX. IL-36α Enhances Host Defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in C57BL/6 Mouse Corneas. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2868-2877. [PMID: 34686582 PMCID: PMC8612993 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The IL-36 cytokines are known to play various roles in mediating the immune response to infection in a tissue- and pathogen-dependent manner. The present study seeks to investigate the role of IL-36R signaling in C57BL/6 mouse corneas in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. IL-36α-/-, IL-36γ-/-, and IL-36R-/- mice had significantly more severe keratitis than wild-type mice. At six hours postinfection, IL-36α pretreatment augmented P. aeruginosa-induced expression of IL-1Ra, IL-36γ, LCN2, and S100A8/A9. At one day postinfection, exogenous IL-36α suppressed, whereas IL-36α deficiency promoted, the expression of IL-1β. At three days postinfection, exogenous IL-36α suppressed Th1 but promoted Th2 immune response. IL-36α stimulated the infiltration of IL-22-expressing immune cells, and IL-22 neutralization resulted in more severe keratitis. IL-36α alone stimulated dendritic cell infiltration in B6 mouse corneas. Taken together, our study suggests that IL-36R signaling plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa keratitis by promoting the innate immune defense, Th2, and/or Th22/IL-22 immune responses. Exogenous IL-36α might be a potential therapy for improving the outcome of P. aeruginosa keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Me
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Patrick S Y Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Jie Wang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; and
| | - Tingting Liu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; and
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; and
| | - Fu-Shin X Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI;
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10
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Elias M, Zhao S, Le HT, Wang J, Neurath MF, Neufert C, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. IL-36 in chronic inflammation and fibrosis - bridging the gap? J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144336. [PMID: 33463541 DOI: 10.1172/jci144336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and consists of three agonists and one receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). The three endogenous agonists, IL-36α, -β, and -γ, act primarily as proinflammatory cytokines, and their signaling through the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) promotes immune cell infiltration and secretion of inflammatory and chemotactic molecules. However, IL-36 signaling also fosters secretion of profibrotic soluble mediators, suggesting a role in fibrotic disorders. IL-36 isoforms and IL-36 have been implicated in inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and allergic rhinitis. Moreover, IL-36 has been connected to fibrotic disorders affecting the kidney, lung, and intestines. This review summarizes the expression, cellular source, and function of IL-36 in inflammation and fibrosis in various organs, and proposes that IL-36 modulation may prove valuable in preventing or treating inflammatory and fibrotic diseases and may reveal a mechanistic link between inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Elias
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongnga T Le
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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11
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Differential Expression of IL-36 Family Members and IL-38 by Immune and Nonimmune Cells in Patients with Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5140691. [PMID: 30643810 PMCID: PMC6311241 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5140691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IL-1 family includes IL-38 (IL-1F10) and the subfamily of IL-36 and is the central mediators of inflammatory diseases, including pustular psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gut inflammation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate on tissue of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra, and IL-38 gene and cell expression and its correlation with clinical activity. Patients and Methods. A cross-sectional and comparative study was performed. Seventy patients with IBD and 30 noninflamed non-IBD controls were enrolled. Gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Protein expression was detected by double-staining immunohistochemistry. Results. The mRNA expression of IL-36 family members but not IL-38 was increased in colonic mucosa from patients with active ulcerative colitis versus Crohn's disease group and noninflammatory control group (P<0.05). However, only gene expression of IL-38 was increased in tissue from patients with inactive ulcerative colitis versus active disease and control group (P<0.005). Conversely, gene expression of IL-36Ra was significantly higher in colonic tissue from patients with active versus inactive ulcerative colitis and noninflamed control group (P<0.05). A differential protein overexpression of IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra, and IL-38 by intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and/or versus dendritic cells (pDCs) was found in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease compared with noninflamed controls. Conclusion. IL-38 and IL-36 family members' expression was increased by immune and nonimmune cells in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. These cytokines and IL-36Ra might represent novel therapeutic targets in patients with gut inflammation.
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12
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Weinstein AM, Giraldo NA, Petitprez F, Julie C, Lacroix L, Peschaud F, Emile JF, Marisa L, Fridman WH, Storkus WJ, Sautès-Fridman C. Association of IL-36γ with tertiary lymphoid structures and inflammatory immune infiltrates in human colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 68:109-120. [PMID: 30315348 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-1 family cytokines play a dual role in the gut, with different family members contributing either protective or pathogenic effects. IL-36γ is an IL-1 family cytokine involved in polarizing type-1 immune responses. However, its function in the gut, including in colorectal cancer pathogenesis, is not well appreciated. In a murine model of colon carcinoma, IL-36γ controls tertiary lymphoid structure formation and promotes a type-1 immune response concurrently with a decrease in expression of immune checkpoint molecules in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate that IL-36γ plays a similar role in driving a pro-inflammatory phenotype in human colorectal cancer. We analyzed a cohort of 33 primary colorectal carcinoma tumors using imaging, flow cytometry, and transcriptomics to determine the pattern and role of IL-36γ expression in this disease. In the colorectal tumor microenvironment, we observed IL-36γ to be predominantly expressed by M1 macrophages and cells of the vasculature, including smooth muscle cells and high endothelial venules. This pattern of IL-36γ expression is associated with a CD4+ central memory T cell infiltrate and an increased density of B cells in tertiary lymphoid structures, as well as with markers of fibrosis. Conversely, expression of the antagonist to IL-36 signaling, IL-1F5, was associated with intratumoral expression of checkpoint molecules, including PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4, which can suppress the immune response. These data support a role for IL-36γ in the physiologic immune response to colorectal cancer by sustaining inflammation within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah M Weinstein
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France.
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Nicolas A Giraldo
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Pathology Department, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Florent Petitprez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identités des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Julie
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Hopital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France
- EA4340, Université de Versailles SQY, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne, France
| | - Laetitia Lacroix
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Peschaud
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Hopital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France
- EA4340, Université de Versailles SQY, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Hopital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France
- EA4340, Université de Versailles SQY, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne, France
| | - Laetitia Marisa
- Programme Cartes d'Identités des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Wolf H Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
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13
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Bassoy EY, Towne JE, Gabay C. Regulation and function of interleukin-36 cytokines. Immunol Rev 2018; 281:169-178. [PMID: 29247994 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines include 3 agonists, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ that bind to a common receptor composed of IL-36R and IL-1RAcP to stimulate inflammatory responses. IL-36Ra is a natural antagonist that binds to IL-36R, but does not recruit the co-receptor IL-1RAcP and does not stimulate any intracellular responses. The IL-36 cytokines are expressed predominantly by epithelial cells and act on a number of cells including immune cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Processing of the N-terminus is required for full agonist or antagonist activity for all IL-36 members. The role of IL-36 has been extensively demonstrated in the skin where it can act on keratinocytes and immune cells to induce a robust inflammatory response that has been implicated in psoriatic disorders. Emerging data also suggest a role for this cytokine family in pulmonary and intestinal physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yonca Bassoy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties & Department of Pathology-Immunology, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer E Towne
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties & Department of Pathology-Immunology, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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A cytokine network involving IL-36γ, IL-23, and IL-22 promotes antimicrobial defense and recovery from intestinal barrier damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5076-E5085. [PMID: 29760082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718902115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut epithelium acts to separate host immune cells from unrestricted interactions with the microbiota and other environmental stimuli. In response to epithelial damage or dysfunction, immune cells are activated to produce interleukin (IL)-22, which is involved in repair and protection of barrier surfaces. However, the specific pathways leading to IL-22 and associated antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production in response to intestinal tissue damage remain incompletely understood. Here, we define a critical IL-36/IL-23/IL-22 cytokine network that is instrumental for AMP production and host defense. Using a murine model of intestinal damage and repair, we show that IL-36γ is a potent inducer of IL-23 both in vitro and in vivo. IL-36γ-induced IL-23 required Notch2-dependent (CD11b+CD103+) dendritic cells (DCs), but not Batf3-dependent (CD11b-CD103+) DCs or CSF1R-dependent macrophages. The intracellular signaling cascade linking IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) to IL-23 production by DCs involved MyD88 and the NF-κB subunits c-Rel and p50. Consistent with in vitro observations, IL-36R- and IL-36γ-deficient mice exhibited dramatically reduced IL-23, IL-22, and AMP levels, and consequently failed to recover from acute intestinal damage. Interestingly, impaired recovery of mice deficient in IL-36R or IL-36γ could be rescued by treatment with exogenous IL-23. This recovery was accompanied by a restoration of IL-22 and AMP expression in the colon. Collectively, these data define a cytokine network involving IL-36γ, IL-23, and IL-22 that is activated in response to intestinal barrier damage and involved in providing critical host defense.
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15
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Jensen LE. Interleukin-36 cytokines may overcome microbial immune evasion strategies that inhibit interleukin-1 family signaling. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/492/eaan3589. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Tomuschat C, O'Donnell AM, Coyle D, Puri P. Altered expression of IL36γ and IL36 receptor (IL1RL2) in the colon of patients with Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2017; 33:181-186. [PMID: 27853811 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-016-4011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hirschsprung's disease associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). Altered intestinal epithelial barrier function and abnormal microbiota are implicated in the pathogenesis of HAEC. IL-36γ, a member of the IL-1 superfamily, is involved in host defense and contributes to proinflammatory responses and development of inflammatory diseases. The IL36 receptor (IL1RL2) is an important mediator molecule in the inflammatory response. Animal data suggests that IL1RL2 is involved in mucosal healing. We designed this study to investigate the hypothesis that the IL-36γ axis is altered in HSCR. METHODS We investigated IL-36γ and IL1RL2 expression in ganglionic and aganglionic bowel of HSCR patients (n = 10) and controls (n = 10). qPCR, Western blotting and confocal immunofluorescence were performed. MAIN RESULTS qPCR and Western blot analysis revealed that IL-36γ is strongly expressed in the aganglionic and ganglionic colon of patients with HSCR. ILR1L2 expression was significantly decreased in HSCR specimens compared to controls (p < 0.05). Confocal microscopy revealed a markedly increased expression of IL36γ in the colonic epithelium of patients with HSCR compared to controls. IL1RL2 was localized in the colonic epithelium and showed a markedly decreased expression in all HSCR specimens. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we report for the first time the expression of IL36γ and ILRL2 in the colon of patients with HSCR. The increased expression of IL36γ and the markedly decreased expression of IL1RL2 in the aganglionic and ganglionic bowel in HSCR may result in an increased inflammatory response and altered mucosal response healing leading to the susceptibility to develop HAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tomuschat
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie O'Donnell
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - David Coyle
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland. .,School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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17
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Wang W, Yu X, Wu C, Jin H. IL-36γ inhibits differentiation and induces inflammation of keratinocyte via Wnt signaling pathway in psoriasis. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1002-1007. [PMID: 28924372 PMCID: PMC5599924 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.20809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte inflammation and differentiation that has a major impact on patients' quality of life. IL-36γ, a member of IL-36 cytokine family, is highly expressed in psoriasis and plays an important role in inflammation response and differentiation. However, the function of IL-36γ in differentiation and inflammation of keratinocyte in psoriasis has not been clearly identified. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of IL-36γ on differentiation and inflammation in HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells were divided into three groups: (1) Control group; (2) IL-36γ (100 ng/mL) group; (3) IL-36γ (100 ng/mL) + IWP-2 (1μM) group. Real time PCR was used to detect gene expression; the inflammation cytokines were examined by ELISA. We showed that treatment of HaCaT cells with IL-36γ significantly upregulated the expression levels of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and ki-67. IL-36γ also promoted the production of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6, suppressed the expression of filaggrin, involucrin, keratin 1 and keratin 5. Meanwhile, we demonstrated the role of IWP-2, an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, in IL-36γ-treated HaCaT cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that IL-36γ inhibits differentiation and induces inflammation of keratinocyte via Wnt signaling pathway in psoriasis, this indicated that downregulation of IL-36γ may be a potential therapeutic option in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongzhong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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