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Gittus M, Chong J, Sutton A, Ong ACM, Fotheringham J. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of guidelines in rare diseases: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:140. [PMID: 37286999 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare diseases present a challenge to guideline implementation due to a low prevalence in the general population and the unfamiliarity of healthcare professionals. Existing literature in more common diseases references barriers and facilitators to guideline implementation. This systematic review aims to identify these barriers and facilitators in rare diseases from existing literature. METHODS A multi-stage strategy included searching MEDLINE PubMed, EMBASE Ovid, Web of Science and Cochrane library from the earliest date available to April 2021, Orphanet journal hand-search, a pearl-growing strategy from a primary source and reference/citation search was performed. The Integrated Checklist of Determinants of Practice which comprises of twelve checklists and taxonomies, informed by 57 potential determinants was selected as a screening tool to identify determinants that warrant further in-depth investigation to inform design of future implementation strategies. RESULTS Forty-four studies were included, most of which were conducted in the United States (54.5%). There were 168 barriers across 36 determinants (37 studies) and 52 facilitators across 22 determinants (22 studies). Fifteen diseases were included across eight WHO ICD-11 disease categories. Together individual health professional factors and guideline factors formed the majority of the reported determinants (59.5% of barriers and 53.8% of facilitators). Overall, the three most reported individual barriers were the awareness/familiarity with the recommendation, domain knowledge and feasibility. The three most reported individual facilitators were awareness/familiarity with the recommendation, agreement with the recommendation and ability to readily access the guidelines. Resource barriers to implementation included technology costs, ancillary staff costs and more cost-effective alternatives. There was a paucity of studies reporting influential people, patient advocacy groups or opinion leaders, or organisational factors influencing implementation. CONCLUSIONS Key barriers and facilitators to the implementation of clinical practice guidelines in the setting of rare diseases were at the individual health professional and guideline level. Influential people and organisational factors were relatively under-reported and warrant exploration, as does increasing the ability to access the guidelines as a potential intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gittus
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Trust, Sheffield, UK.
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Jiehan Chong
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anthea Sutton
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Albert C M Ong
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - James Fotheringham
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Trust, Sheffield, UK
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Kumar B, Zetumer S, Swee M, Endelman ELK, Suneja M, Davis B. Reducing Delays in Diagnosing Primary Immunodeficiency Through the Development and Implementation of a Clinical Decision Support Tool: A Study Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e32635. [PMID: 34587114 PMCID: PMC8767470 DOI: 10.2196/32635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary immunodeficiencies (PIs) are a set of heterogeneous chronic disorders characterized by immune dysfunction. They are diagnostically challenging because of their clinical heterogeneity, knowledge gaps among primary care physicians, and continuing shortages of clinically trained immunologists. As a result, patients with undiagnosed PIs are at increased risk for recurrent infections, cancers, and autoimmune diseases. Objective The aim of this research is to develop and implement a clinical decision support (CDS) tool for the identification of underlying PIs. Methods We will develop and implement a CDS tool for the identification of underlying PIs among patients who receive primary care through a health care provider at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. The CDS tool will function through an algorithm that is based on the Immune Deficiency Foundation’s 10 Warning Signs for Primary Immunodeficiency. Over the course of a year, we will use Lean Six Sigma principles and the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) framework to guide the project. The primary measure is the number of newly diagnosed PI patients per month. Secondary measures include the following: (1) the number of new patients identified by the CDS as being at high risk for PI, (2) the number of new PI cases in which immunoglobulin replacement or rotating antibiotics are started, (3) the cost of evaluation of each patient identified by the CDS tool as being at high risk for PIs, (4) the number of new consults not diagnosed with a PI, and (5) patient satisfaction with the process of referral to the Immunology Clinic. Results This study was determined to not be Human Subjects Research by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Iowa. Data collection will begin in August 2021. Conclusions The development and implementation of a CDS tool is a promising approach to identifying patients with underlying PI. This protocol assesses whether such an approach will be able to achieve its objective of reducing diagnostic delays. The disciplined approach, using Lean Six Sigma and the DMAIC framework, will guide implementation to maximize opportunities for a successful intervention that meets the study’s goals and objectives as well as to allow for replication and adaptation of these methods at other sites. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/32635
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Kumar
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, US
| | - Samuel Zetumer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, US
| | - Melissa Swee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, US
| | | | - Manish Suneja
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, US
| | - Benjamin Davis
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, US
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Suspitsin EN, Guseva MN, Kostik MM, Sokolenko AP, Skripchenko NV, Levina AS, Goleva OV, Dubko MF, Tumakova AV, Makhova MA, Lyazina LV, Bizin IV, Sokolova NE, Gabrusskaya TV, Ditkovskaya LV, Kozlova OP, Vahliarskaya SS, Kondratenko IV, Imyanitov EN. Next generation sequencing analysis of consecutive Russian patients with clinical suspicion of inborn errors of immunity. Clin Genet 2020; 98:231-239. [PMID: 32441320 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary immune deficiencies are usually attributed to genetic defects and, therefore, frequently referred to as inborn errors of immunity (IEI). We subjected the genomic DNA of 333 patients with clinical signs of IEI to next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of 344 immunity-related genes and, in some instances, additional genetic techniques. Genetic causes of the disease were identified in 69/333 (21%) of subjects, including 11/18 (61%) of children with syndrome-associated IEIs, 45/202 (22%) of nonsyndromic patients with Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) warning signs, 9/56 (16%) of subjects with periodic fever, 3/30 (10%) of cases of autoimmune cytopenia, 1/21 (5%) of patients with unusually severe infections and 0/6 (0%) of individuals with isolated elevation of IgE level. There were unusual clinical observations: twins with severe immunodeficiency carried a de novo CHARGE syndrome-associated SEMA3E c.2108C>T (p.S703L) allele; however, they lacked clinical features of CHARGE syndrome. Additionally, there were genetically proven instances of Netherton syndrome, Х-linked agammaglobulinemia, severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), IPEX and APECED syndromes, among others. Some patients carried recurrent pathogenic alleles, such as AIRE c.769C>T (p.R257*), NBN c.657del5, DCLRE1C c.103C>G (p.H35D), NLRP12 c.1054C>T (p.R352C) and c.910C>T (p.H304Y). NGS is a powerful tool for high-throughput examination of patients with malfunction of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Suspitsin
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina N Guseva
- Outpatient Department, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Immunology, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Kostik
- Department of Hospital Pediatrics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nataliya V Skripchenko
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Children, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Neuroinfections and Nervous System Pathology, Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Levina
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Children, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V Goleva
- Department of Virusology and Molecular Biology, Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita F Dubko
- Department of Hospital Pediatrics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Tumakova
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria A Makhova
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Ilya V Bizin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia E Sokolova
- Department of Hematology, First City Children Hospital, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Gabrusskaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liliya V Ditkovskaya
- I.M. Vorontsov Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga P Kozlova
- Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Vahliarskaya
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Russian Children Clinical Hospital, N.N. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Kondratenko
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Russian Children Clinical Hospital, N.N. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Oncology, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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El-Sayed ZA, Radwan N. Newborn Screening for Primary Immunodeficiencies: The Gaps, Challenges, and Outlook for Developing Countries. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2987. [PMID: 32082296 PMCID: PMC7002357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are genetically inherited diseases characterized by an increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, and malignancies. PIDs are under-diagnosed and the registered cases and reported prevalence are far below the estimated numbers especially in countries with large population and high consanguinity rates. Delays in diagnosis yield major morbidities and mortalities with resultant increased economic burden. Newborn screening using TRECs and KRECs, currently being implemented in some countries, is aimed through early diagnosis, to overcome the delays in the diagnosis and hence the poor outcome of some of the severe PIDs. However, the limited resources in developing countries challenges the implementation of newborn PID screening programs. There are considerable gaps in our knowledge that must be bridged. Setting the norms of TRECs and KRECs for each country is needed. Furthermore, some PIDs that might present in the neonatal period could not be detected by the current screening programs, and their diagnosis requires clinical expertise. Not to mention, local guidelines for the management of patients diagnosed by NBS should be set forth. Also, in the absence of NBS, clinicians should be aware of the early manifestations of PID. All these mandate conducting studies genuine to each country, developing programs for raising public awareness and clinical training of physicians to attain the required immunological skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab A El-Sayed
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesrine Radwan
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Focus on Chronic Variable Immunodeficiency for Primary Care Practitioners, the Gatekeepers to Optimal Health Outcomes for Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40124-019-00202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review sought to assess the extent and causes of suboptimal healthcare outcomes for chronic variable immunodeficiency (CVID).
Recent Findings
Significant improvements in diagnostic technology and treatment protocols over time were found, leading to reduced morbidity and mortality for those accessing therapies. Treatments continue to be largely non-curative with financing (mainly insurance coverage) an obstacle. Symptom recognition by primary care practitioners (PCP) remains a gating factor to treatment and a widespread and persistent barrier to optimal health outcomes.
Summary
CVID is a subtype of primary immunodeficiency (PIDD) associated with under-diagnosis. It has emerged as a health issue more prevalent than historically known. No symptom-recognition framework for early detection of CVID has been generally accepted; those proposed for primary immunodeficiencies have shown low sensitivity, low specificity or both. Positive trends in cases diagnosed have been aided by awareness campaigns and international collaborations. However, treatments for CVID will not realize full potential without effective, accepted frameworks for timely identification in the clinic.
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Odnoletkova I, Kindle G, Quinti I, Grimbacher B, Knerr V, Gathmann B, Ehl S, Mahlaoui N, Van Wilder P, Bogaerts K, de Vries E. The burden of common variable immunodeficiency disorders: a retrospective analysis of the European Society for Immunodeficiency (ESID) registry data. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:201. [PMID: 30419968 PMCID: PMC6233554 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) are a group of rare innate disorders characterized by specific antibody deficiency and increased rates of infections, comorbidities and mortality. The burden of CVID in Europe has not been previously estimated. We performed a retrospective analysis of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry data on the subset of patients classified by their immunologist as CVID and treated between 2004 and 2014. The registered deaths and comorbidities were used to calculate the annual average age-standardized rates of Years of Life Lost to premature death (YLL), Years Lost to Disability (YLD) and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY=YLL + YLD). These outcomes were expressed as a rate per 105 of the CVID cohort (the individual disease burden), and of the general population (the societal disease burden). Results Data of 2700 patients from 23 countries were analysed. Annual comorbidity rates: bronchiectasis, 21.9%; autoimmunity, 23.2%; digestive disorders, 15.6%; solid cancers, 5.5%; lymphoma, 3.8%, exceeded the prevalence in the general population by a factor of 34.0, 7.6, 8.1, 2.4 and 32.6, respectively. The comorbidities of CVID caused 8722 (6069; 12,363) YLD/105 in this cohort, whereas 44% of disability burden was attributable to infections and bronchiectasis. The total individual burden of CVID was 36,785 (33,078, 41,380) DALY/105. With estimated CVID prevalence of ~ 1/ 25,000, the societal burden of CVID ensued 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) DALY/105 of the general population. In exploratory analysis, increased mortality was associated with solid tumor, HR (95% CI): 2.69 (1.10; 6.57) p = 0.030, lymphoma: 5.48 (2.36; 12.71) p < .0001 and granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease: 4.85 (1.63; 14.39) p = 0.005. Diagnostic delay (median: 4 years) was associated with a higher risk of death: 1.04 (1.02; 1.06) p = .0003, bronchiectasis: 1.03 (1.01; 1.04) p = .0001, solid tumor: 1.08 (1.04; 1.11) p < .0001 and enteropathy: 1.02 (1.00; 1.05) p = .0447 and stayed unchanged over four decades (p = .228). Conclusions While the societal burden of CVID may seem moderate, it is severe to the individual patient. Delay in CVID diagnosis may constitute a modifiable risk factor of serious comorbidities and death but showed no improvement. Tools supporting timely CVID diagnosis should be developed with high priority. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0941-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Odnoletkova
- Plasma Protein Therapeutics Association, Boulevard Brand Whitlock 114b4, 1200, Brussels, Belgium. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Centre de recherche en Economie de la Santé, Gestion des Institutions de Soins et Sciences Infirmières, Ecole de Santé Publique, University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gerhard Kindle
- The ESID Registry Working Party.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Immunology and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Viviane Knerr
- The ESID Registry Working Party.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Gathmann
- The ESID Registry Working Party.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- The ESID Registry Working Party.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nizar Mahlaoui
- French National Reference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies (CEREDIH) and Pediatric Immuno-Haematology and Rheumatology Unit Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Van Wilder
- Centre de recherche en Economie de la Santé, Gestion des Institutions de Soins et Sciences Infirmières, Ecole de Santé Publique, University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Bogaerts
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, I-BioStat, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hasselt, I-BioStat, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Esther de Vries
- Department Tranzo, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153 (RP219), 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands.,Laboratory for Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, PO Box 90151 (route 90), 5000LC, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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