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Wu Z, Liu C, Yin S, Ma J, Sun R, Cao G, Lu Y, Liu J, Su L, Song R, Wang Y. P75NTR regulates autophagy through the YAP-mTOR pathway to increase the proliferation of interfollicular epidermal cells and promote wound healing in diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167012. [PMID: 38176461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.167012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is delayed in diabetic patients. Increased autophagy and dysfunction of interfollicular epidermal (IFE) cells are closely associated with delayed healing of diabetic wounds. Autophagy plays an important role in all stages of wound healing, but its role in diabetic wound healing and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we found that diabetic mice had delayed wound healing and increased autophagy in wounds compared with normal mice and that chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy, decreased the level of autophagy, improved the function of IFE cells, and accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice. Treatment of IFE cells with advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) resulted in increased microtubule-associated protein chain (LC3) expression and decreased prostacyclin-62 (P62) expression, indicating increased autophagy in AGE-treated IFE cells. Moreover, P75NTR reduced autophagy in IFE cells in the presence of AGEs and significantly increased the proliferation of IFE cells. In addition, P75NTR participated in regulating autophagy in IFE cells and in wounds in diabetic mice through the YAP-mTOR signalling pathway, which increased the functional activity of the cells and the healing rate of wounds in diabetic mice. Thus, our study suggests that P75NTR protects IFE cells against AGEs by affecting autophagy and accelerating wound healing in diabetic mice, providing a basis for understanding the role of autophagy in diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Siyuan Yin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Jiaxu Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Guoqi Cao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yongpan Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Linqi Su
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Ru Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China.
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China.
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Bi X, Liu S, Liu D, Li C. Elucidating the role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and its receptor Tyrosine Receptor Kinase B (TrkB) in the development and symptoms of endometriosis. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38287513 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2285709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMs) is a common disease among women of reproductive age, and as of now, the clinical understanding of the etiology of this disease remains unclear. The occurrence of EMs has a profound impact on the reproductive health of women, making early diagnosis and treatment of this disease a pressing challenge in clinical practice. Recent studies have found that Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), in combination with its high-affinity receptor Tyrosine Receptor Kinase B (TrkB), participates in the development of EMs and the appearance of clinically relevant symptoms by activating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway, the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway, and the Phospholipase C-gamma (PLCγ) signaling pathway, or by interacting with other factors. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis related to EMs, this article reviews the roles of BDNF and TrkB in EMs, particularly in terms of aberrant apoptosis and autophagy, cell invasion, proliferation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions, as well as their relationship with the symptoms associated with EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Bi
- Department of Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Shulan Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Gaomi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Gaomi, P.R. China
| | - Degao Liu
- Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Changzhong Li
- Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Department of Gynaecology, Shandong provincial hospital affiliated to Shandong first medical university, Jinan, China
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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3
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Hu M, Scheffel J, Elieh-Ali-Komi D, Maurer M, Hawro T, Metz M. An update on mechanisms of pruritus and their potential treatment in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4177-4197. [PMID: 37555911 PMCID: PMC10725374 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), which include mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), are a group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by clonal accumulation of neoplastic T-lymphocytes in the skin. Severe pruritus, one of the most common and distressing symptoms in primary CTCL, can significantly impair emotional well-being, physical functioning, and interpersonal relationships, thus greatly reducing quality of life. Unfortunately, effectively managing pruritus remains challenging in CTCL patients as the underlying mechanisms are, as of yet, not fully understood. Previous studies investigating the mechanisms of itch in CTCL have identified several mediators and their corresponding antagonists used for treatment. However, a comprehensive overview of the mediators and receptors contributing to pruritus in primary CTCL is lacking in the current literature. Here, we summarize and review the mediators and receptors that may contribute to pruritus in primary CTCL to explore the mechanisms of CTCL pruritus and identify effective therapeutic targets using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Studies were included if they described itch mediators and receptors in MF and SS. Overall, the available data suggest that proteases (mainly tryptase), and neuropeptides (particularly Substance P) may be of greatest interest. At the receptor level, cytokine receptors, MRGPRs, and TRP channels are most likely important. Future drug development efforts should concentrate on targeting these mediators and receptors for the treatment of CTCL pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hu
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Hawro
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Institute and Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Martin Metz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
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Piccini I, Chéret J, Tsutsumi M, Sakaguchi S, Ponce L, Almeida L, Funk W, Kückelhaus M, Kajiya K, Paus R, Bertolini M. Preliminary evidence that Merkel cells exert chemosensory functions in human epidermis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1848-1855. [PMID: 37587642 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanotransduction of light-touch sensory stimuli is considered to be the main physiological function of epidermal Merkel cells (MCs). Recently, however, MCs have been demonstrated to be also thermo-sensitive, suggesting that their role in skin physiologically extends well beyond mechanosensation. Here, we demonstrate that in healthy human skin epidermal MCs express functional olfactory receptors, namely OR2AT4, just like neighbouring keratinocytes. Selective stimulation of OR2AT4 by topical application of the synthetic odorant, Sandalore®, significantly increased Piccolo protein expression in MCs, as assessed by quantitative immunohistomorphometry, indicating increased vesicle trafficking and recycling, and significantly reduced nerve growth factor (NGF) immunoreactivity within MCs, possibly indicating increased neurotrophin release upon OR2AT4 activation. Live-cell imaging showed that Sandalore® rapidly induces a loss of FFN206-dependent fluorescence in MCs, suggesting OR2AT4-dependent MC depolarization and subsequent vesicle secretion. Yet, in contrast to keratinocytes, OR2AT4 stimulation by Sandalore® altered neither the number nor the proliferation status of MCs. These preliminary ex vivo findings demonstrate that epidermal MCs also exert OR-dependent chemosensory functions in human skin, and invite one to explore whether these newly identified properties are dysregulated in selected skin disorders, for example, in pruritic dermatoses, and if these novel MC functions can be therapeutically targeted to maintain/promote skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Piccini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Jeremy Chéret
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Moe Tsutsumi
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Saito Sakaguchi
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Leslie Ponce
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Luis Almeida
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Funk
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Kentaro Kajiya
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- CUTANEON - Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marta Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
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Triaca V, Fico E, Rosso P, Ralli M, Corsi A, Severini C, Crevenna A, Agostinelli E, Rullo E, Riminucci M, Colizza A, Polimeni A, Greco A, Tirassa P. Pilot Investigation on p75ICD Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112622. [PMID: 35681602 PMCID: PMC9179539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor (p75NTR) expression and cleavage product p75NTR Intracellular Domain (p75ICD) as potential oncogenic and metastatic markers in human Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC). p75NTR is highly expressed in Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) of the laryngeal epithelia and it has been proposed as a marker for stemness, cell migration, and chemo-resistance in different squamous carcinomas. To investigate the clinical significance of p75NTR cleavage products in solid tumors, full-length and cleaved p75NTR expression was analyzed in laryngeal primary tumors from different-stage LSCC patients, diagnosed at the Policlinico Umberto I Hospital. Molecular and histological techniques were used to detect the expressions of p75NTR and p75ICD, and ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2), a CSC marker. We found regulated p75NTR cleavage during squamous epithelial tumor progression and tissue invasion. Our preliminary investigation suggests p75ICD expression and localization as possible features of tumorigenesis and metastaticity. Its co-localization with ABCG2 in squamous cells in the parenchyma invaded by the tumor formation allows us to hypothesize p75NTR and p75ICD roles in tumor invasion and CSC spreading in LSCC patients. These data might represent a starting point for a comprehensive analysis of p75NTR cleavage and of its clinical relevance as a potential molecular LSCC signature, possibly helping diagnosis, and improving prognosis and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Triaca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), International Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.T.)
| | - Elena Fico
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Pamela Rosso
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (E.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Alvaro Crevenna
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, International Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Emma Rullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (E.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (E.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrea Colizza
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.T.)
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6
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Li S, Zenkel M, Kruse FE, Gießl A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U. Identification, Isolation, and Characterization of Melanocyte Precursor Cells in the Human Limbal Stroma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073756. [PMID: 35409129 PMCID: PMC8998324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Given their vital role in the homeostasis of the limbal stem cell niche, limbal melanocytes have emerged as promising candidates for tissue engineering applications. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a population of melanocyte precursors in the limbal stroma, compared with melanocytes originating from the limbal epithelium, using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) with positive (CD117/c-Kit microbeads) or negative (CD326/EpCAM or anti-fibroblast microbeads) selection approaches. Both approaches enabled fast and easy isolation and cultivation of pure limbal epithelial and stromal melanocyte populations, which differed in phenotype and gene expression, but exhibited similar functional properties regarding proliferative potential, pigmentation, and support of clonal growth of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPCs). In both melanocyte populations, limbus-specific matrix (laminin 511-E8) and soluble factors (LEPC-derived conditioned medium) stimulated melanocyte adhesion, dendrite formation, melanogenesis, and expression of genes involved in UV protection and immune regulation. The findings provided not only a novel protocol for the enrichment of pure melanocyte populations from limbal tissue applying easy-to-use MACS technology, but also identified a population of stromal melanocyte precursors, which may serve as a reservoir for the replacement of damaged epithelial melanocytes and an alternative resource for tissue engineering applications.
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Saltari A, Dzung A, Quadri M, Tiso N, Facchinello N, Hernández-Barranco A, Garcia-Silva S, Nogués L, Stoffel CI, Cheng PF, Turko P, Eichhoff OM, Truzzi F, Marconi A, Pincelli C, Peinado H, Dummer R, Levesque MP. Specific Activation of the CD271 Intracellular Domain in Combination with Chemotherapy or Targeted Therapy Inhibits Melanoma Progression. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6044-6057. [PMID: 34645608 PMCID: PMC9397645 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CD271 (NGFR) is a neurotrophin receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis receptor (TNFR) family. Upon ligand binding, CD271 can mediate either survival or cell death. Although the role of CD271 as a marker of tumor-initiating cells is still a matter of debate, its role in melanoma progression has been well documented. Moreover, CD271 has been shown to be upregulated after exposure to both chemotherapy and targeted therapy. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of CD271 by a short β-amyloid-derived peptide (Aβ(25-35)) in combination with either chemotherapy or MAPK inhibitors induces apoptosis in 2D and 3D cultures of eight melanoma cell lines. This combinatorial treatment significantly reduced metastasis in a zebrafish xenograft model and led to significantly decreased tumor volume in mice. Administration of Aβ(25-35) in ex vivo tumors from immunotherapy- and targeted therapy-resistant patients significantly reduced proliferation of melanoma cells, showing that activation of CD271 can overcome drug resistance. Aβ(25-35) was specific to CD271-expressing cells and induced CD271 cleavage and phosphorylation of JNK (pJNK). The direct protein-protein interaction of pJNK with CD271 led to PARP1 cleavage, p53 and caspase activation, and pJNK-dependent cell death. Aβ(25-35) also mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) accumulation, which induced CD271 overexpression. Finally, CD271 upregulation inhibited mROS production, revealing the presence of a negative feedback loop in mROS regulation. These results indicate that targeting CD271 can activate cell death pathways to inhibit melanoma progression and potentially overcome resistance to targeted therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: The discovery of a means to specifically activate the CD271 death domain reveals unknown pathways mediated by the receptor and highlights new treatment possibilities for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Saltari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Dzung
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marika Quadri
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Hernández-Barranco
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Garcia-Silva
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Nogués
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Corinne Isabelle Stoffel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phil F. Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Turko
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ossia M. Eichhoff
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Truzzi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P. Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Corresponding Author: Mitchell P. Levesque, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Wagistrasse 18, Zurich 8952, Switzerland. E-mail:
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Liu Z, Wu H, Huang S. Role of NGF and its receptors in wound healing (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:599. [PMID: 33884037 PMCID: PMC8056114 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an important and complicated process that includes four highly integrated and overlapping phases, haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodelling. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was the first member of a family of neurotrophic factors to be discovered, and is an essential neurotrophic factor for the development and maintenance of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Several studies have proposed that NGF and its receptors, tropomyosin-related kinase receptor 1 and NGF receptor, are involved in the wound healing process, and are important components of the healing of several wounds both in vivo and in vitro. Topical application of NGF significantly promotes the healing of different types of wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers and corneal wounds. The present review summarizes the status of NGF and its receptors in current literature, and discusses data obtained in the last few years on the healing action of NGF in cutaneous, corneal and oral wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Harris M, Potgieter J, Ishfaq K, Shahzad M. Developments for Collagen Hydrolysate in Biological, Biochemical, and Biomedical Domains: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2806. [PMID: 34070353 PMCID: PMC8197487 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The collagen hydrolysate, a proteinic biopeptide, is used for various key functionalities in humans and animals. Numerous reviews explained either individually or a few of following aspects: types, processes, properties, and applications. In the recent developments, various biological, biochemical, and biomedical functionalities are achieved in five aspects: process, type, species, disease, receptors. The receptors are rarely addressed in the past which are an essential stimulus to activate various biomedical and biological activities in the metabolic system of humans and animals. Furthermore, a systematic segregation of the recent developments regarding the five main aspects is not yet reported. This review presents various biological, biochemical, and biomedical functionalities achieved for each of the beforementioned five aspects using a systematic approach. The review proposes a novel three-level hierarchy that aims to associate a specific functionality to a particular aspect and its subcategory. The hierarchy also highlights various key research novelties in a categorical manner that will contribute to future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Harris
- Massey Agrifood (MAF) Digital Labs, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan;
| | - Johan Potgieter
- Massey Agrifood (MAF) Digital Labs, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Kashif Ishfaq
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan;
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10
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Sato K, Asai TT, Jimi S. Collagen-Derived Di-Peptide, Prolylhydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp): A New Low Molecular Weight Growth-Initiating Factor for Specific Fibroblasts Associated With Wound Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:548975. [PMID: 33330443 PMCID: PMC7728856 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.548975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cells and soluble factors are involved in the wound healing process, which can be divided into inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing, especially during the proliferative phase, and show heterogeneity depending on lineage, tissue distribution, and extent of differentiation. Fibroblasts from tissue stem cells rather than from healthy tissues infiltrate wounds and proliferate. Some fibroblasts in the wound healing site express the mesenchymal stem cell marker, p75NTR. In the cell culture system, fibroblasts attached to collagen fibrils stop growing, even in the presence of protein growth factors, thus mimicking the quiescent nature of fibroblasts in healthy tissues. Fibroblasts in wound healing sites proliferate and are surrounded by collagen fibrils. These facts indicate presence of new growth-initiating factor for fibroblasts attached to collagen fibrils at the wound healing site, where the collagen-derived peptide, prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp), is generated. Pro-Hyp triggers the growth of p75NTR-positive fibroblasts cultured on collagen gel but not p75NTR-negative fibroblasts. Thus, Pro-Hyp is a low molecular weight growth-initiating factor for specific fibroblasts that is involved in the wound healing process. Pro-Hyp is also supplied to tissues by oral administration of gelatin or collagen hydrolysate. Thus, supplementation of gelatin or collagen hydrolysate has therapeutic potential for chronic wounds. Animal studies and human clinical trials have demonstrated that the ingestion of gelatin or collagen hydrolysate enhances the healing of pressure ulcers in animals and humans and improves delayed wound healing in diabetic animals. Therefore, the low molecular weight fibroblast growth-initiating factor, Pro-Hyp, plays a significant role in wound healing and has therapeutic potential for chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sato
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko T Asai
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shiro Jimi
- Central Laboratory for Pathology and Morphology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Vidal A, Redmer T. Decoding the Role of CD271 in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092460. [PMID: 32878000 PMCID: PMC7564075 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of melanoma, the most aggressive type of skin cancer, is triggered by driver mutations that are acquired in the coding regions of particularly BRAF (rat fibrosarcoma serine/threonine kinase, isoform B) or NRAS (neuroblastoma-type ras sarcoma virus) in melanocytes. Although driver mutations strongly determine tumor progression, additional factors are likely required and prerequisite for melanoma formation. Melanocytes are formed during vertebrate development in a well-controlled differentiation process of multipotent neural crest stem cells (NCSCs). However, mechanisms determining the properties of melanocytes and melanoma cells are still not well understood. The nerve growth factor receptor CD271 is likewise expressed in melanocytes, melanoma cells and NCSCs and programs the maintenance of a stem-like and migratory phenotype via a comprehensive network of associated genes. Moreover, CD271 regulates phenotype switching, a process that enables the rapid and reversible conversion of proliferative into invasive or non-stem-like states into stem-like states by yet largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we summarize current findings about CD271-associated mechanisms in melanoma cells and illustrate the role of CD271 for melanoma cell migration and metastasis, phenotype-switching, resistance to therapeutic interventions, and the maintenance of an NCSC-like state.
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12
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Asai TT, Yoshikawa K, Sawada K, Fukamizu K, Koyama YI, Shigemura Y, Jimi S, Sato K. Mouse skin fibroblasts with mesenchymal stem cell marker p75 neurotrophin receptor proliferate in response to prolyl-hydroxyproline. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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13
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Dubrovsky G, Ha D, Thomas AL, Zhu M, Hubacher J, Itoh T, Dunn JCY. Electroacupuncture to Increase Neuronal Stem Cell Growth. Med Acupunct 2020; 32:16-23. [PMID: 32104523 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2019.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuropathic intestinal disorders continue to pose a significant burden, and current treatment options do not target the underlying cellular deficiencies. The goal of this study is to determine whether acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA) can affect the growth of neuronal cells. Methods: Three groups of Lewis rats received 25 minutes of acupuncture twice a week for 10 weeks. The 3 groups of rats received treatment with either sham acupuncture (SA), real acupuncture (RA), or EA. After 10 weeks of treatment, skin and intestinal tissue were collected and analyzed for histology and mRNA expression of neuronal marker genes. Results: Compared with rats that received SA, rats that received RA and EA showed a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of multiple neuronal genes in the skin. No significant histologic changes were seen. Conclusions: Acupuncture and EA result in significant changes in the expression of genes implicated as markers for neural stem cells, neural cell development, and neurons. This may, therefore, provide a novel avenue for developing treatments in patients suffering from intestinal aganglionic and neuropathic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genia Dubrovsky
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Don Ha
- Santa Monica Acupuncture Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anne-Laure Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Minji Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Tatsuo Itoh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - James C Y Dunn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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14
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Bray ER, Chéret J, Yosipovitch G, Paus R. Schwann cells as underestimated, major players in human skin physiology and pathology. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:93-101. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Bray
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Miami Itch Center University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester Manchester UK
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Liu Z, Cao Y, Liu G, Yin S, Ma J, Liu J, Zhang M, Wang Y. p75 neurotrophin receptor regulates NGF-induced myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis through MRTF-A. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111504. [PMID: 31325438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are characterized by de novo expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and play a key role in tissue repair and remodeling. In addition to TGF-β1, recent studies have shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) has effects on myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis. However, the regulatory mechanism remains poorly defined. NGF effects are mediated by the specific expression of the NGF neurotrophic tropomyosin-receptor kinase A (TrkA) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Using NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell lines, we examined the induction of myofibroblast differentiation stimulated by NGF. Our findings showed that p75NTR was in keeping with the expression of α-SMA. Herein, we investigated the role of p75NTR in NGF-induced myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis in these cells using lentivirus transfection to overexpress and knock down. Our results showed that p75NTR was preferentially expressed and was sufficient to induce actin cytoskeleton remodeling, which was required for NGF-induced α-SMA expression. Furthermore, NGF induced nuclear translocation of MRTF-A, an effect that was regulated by p75NTR, and required for α-SMA and collagen-I expression in myofibroblasts. Using a novel MRTF-A pathway inhibitor, CCG-203971, we further demonstrated the requirement of MRTF-A nuclear localization and activity in NGF-induced α-SMA expression. In conclusion, we conclude that p75NTR regulates NGF-induced myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis through MRTF-A. Regulation of NGF-p75NTR interactions represents a promising therapy for fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yongqian Cao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Guijun Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Siyuan Yin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaxu Ma
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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16
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Abels C, Soeberdt M. Can we teach old drugs new tricks?—Repurposing of neuropharmacological drugs for inflammatory skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1002-1009. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Abels
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel Bielefeld Germany
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17
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Abstract
The skin provides the primary protection for the body against external injuries and is essential in the maintenance of general homeostasis. During ageing, resident cells become senescent and the extracellular matrix, mainly in the dermis, is progressively damaged affecting the normal organization of the skin and its capacity for repair. In parallel, extrinsic factors such as ultraviolet irradiation, pollution, and intrinsic factors such as diabetes or vascular disease can further accelerate this phenomenon. Indeed, numerous mechanisms are involved in age-induced degradation of the skin and these also relate to non-healing or chronic wounds in the elderly. In particular, the generation of reactive oxygen species seems to play a major role in age-related skin modifications. Certainly, targeting both the hormonal status of the skin or its surface nutrition can slow down age-induced degradation of the skin and improve healing of skin damage in the elderly. Skin care regimens that prevent radiation and pollution damage, and reinforce the skin surface and its microbiota are among the different approaches able to minimize the effects of ageing on the skin.
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Anticarcinogenic activities of sulforaphane are influenced by Nerve Growth Factor in human melanoma A375 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:154-161. [PMID: 29407470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a severe form of cancer, resistant to conventional therapies. According to in vitro studies, sulforaphane, a dietary component, has been considered a promising antineoplastic candidate. The present study analyzes the in vitro biological effects of sulforaphane in A375 melanoma cell line with or without the addition of Nerve Growth Factor. For the first time, our results show that a supplementation of Nerve Growth Factor partially reverses the sulforaphane-induced: i) inhibition of cell migration, ii) pro apoptotic changes in cell cycle and iii) modulation of active caspase-3. Furthermore, we report the sulforaphane-induced modulation in the expression of Nerve Growth Factor receptors TrKA and p75NTR, shifting their ratio from pro survival to pro apoptotic. In conclusion, the present study evidences that in vivo the antineoplastic effects of sulforaphane may be reduced by the contemporaneous presence of other biological elements such as Nerve Growth Factor and it contributes to a better definition of the real in vivo potentiality of sulforaphane as antineoplastic candidate.
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Marzagalli M, Moretti RM, Messi E, Marelli MM, Fontana F, Anastasia A, Bani MR, Beretta G, Limonta P. Targeting melanoma stem cells with the Vitamin E derivative δ-tocotrienol. Sci Rep 2018; 8:587. [PMID: 29330434 PMCID: PMC5766483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic melanoma is very poor, due to the development of drug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may play a crucial role in this mechanism, contributing to disease relapse. We first characterized CSCs in melanoma cell lines. We observed that A375 (but not BLM) cells are able to form melanospheres and show CSCs traits: expression of the pluripotency markers SOX2 and KLF4, higher invasiveness and tumor formation capability in vivo with respect to parental adherent cells. We also showed that a subpopulation of autofluorescent cells expressing the ABCG2 stem cell marker is present in the A375 spheroid culture. Based on these data, we investigated whether δ-TT might target melanoma CSCs. We demonstrated that melanoma cells escaping the antitumor activity of δ-TT are completely devoid of the ability to form melanospheres. In contrast, cells that escaped vemurafenib treatment show a higher ability to form melanospheres than control cells. δ-TT also induced disaggregation of A375 melanospheres and reduced the spheroidogenic ability of sphere-derived cells, reducing the expression of the ABCG2 marker. These data demonstrate that δ-TT exerts its antitumor activity by targeting the CSC subpopulation of A375 melanoma cells and might represent a novel chemopreventive/therapeutic strategy against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Roberta Manuela Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessia Anastasia
- Laboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastasis, IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Bani
- Laboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastasis, IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy.
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