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Moiseeva AN, Makoveeva KA, Furkina EB, Artyushova EV, German MN, Khomenko IA, Konevega AL, Kormazeva ES, Novikov VI, Aksenov NV, Gustova NS, Aliev RA. Co-production of 155Tb and 152Tb irradiating 155Gd / 151Eu tandem target with a medium energy α-particle beam. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 126-127:108389. [PMID: 37783103 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four terbium isotopes 149,152,155,161Tb emitting various types of radiation can be used for both diagnostics and therapy. 152Tb emits positrons and is ideal for PET. 155Tb is considered a promising Auger emitter and a diagnostic pair for other terbium therapeutic isotopes. Several methods for the production of 155Tb using charged particle accelerators have been proposed, but they all have significant limitations. The restricted availability of this isotope hinders its medical applications. We have proposed a new method for production of 155Tb, irradiating enriched 155Gd by alpha particles. The possibility of simultaneous production of two isotopes of terbium, 152,155Tb, was also studied for more efficient cyclotron beam use. METHODS Irradiation of 155Gd enriched targets and 155Gd / 151Eu tandem target with alpha-particles with an energy of 54 MeV was carried out at the U-150 cyclotron at the NRC "Kurchatov Institute". The cross sections of nuclear reactions on enr-155Gd were measured by the stack foil technique, detecting the gamma-radiation of the activation products. The separation of rare earth elements was performed by extraction chromatography with the LN Resin. 155Tb was produced via 155Dy decay. RESULTS The cross sections for the 155,156Tb and 155,157Dy production were measured by the irradiation of a gadolinium target enriched with the 155Gd isotope with alpha-particles in an energy range of 54 → 33 MeV. The yield of 155Dy on a thick target at 54 MeV was 130 MBq/μAh, which makes it possible to obtain 1 GBq of 155Tb in 11 hour-irradiation with 20 μA beam current. The possibility of simultaneous production of 152,155Tb by irradiation of 155Gd and 151Eu tandem target with medium-energy alpha-particles is implemented. Optimal irradiation energy ranges of alpha -particles as 54 → 42 MeV for 155Tb and 42 → 34 MeV for 152Tb were suggested. Product activity and radionuclidic purity were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Moiseeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia.
| | - K A Makoveeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - E B Furkina
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | | | - M N German
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - I A Khomenko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - A L Konevega
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - E S Kormazeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - V I Novikov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - N V Aksenov
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
| | - N S Gustova
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
| | - R A Aliev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
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Radzina M, Saule L, Mamis E, Koester U, Cocolios TE, Pajuste E, Kalnina M, Palskis K, Sawitzki Z, Talip Z, Jensen M, Duchemin C, Leufgen K, Stora T. Novel radionuclides for use in Nuclear Medicine in Europe: where do we stand and where do we go? EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:27. [PMID: 37823964 PMCID: PMC10570248 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to support the ongoing research across Europe to facilitate access to novel radionuclides, the PRISMAP consortium (European medical radionuclides programme) was established to offer the broadest catalog of non-conventional radionuclides for medical and translational research. The aim of this article is to introduce readers with current status of novel radionuclides in Europe. MAIN BODY A consortium questionnaire was disseminated through the PRISMAP consortium and user community, professional associations and preclinical/clinical end users in Europe and the current status of clinical end-users in nuclear medicine were identified. A total of 40 preclinical/clinical users institutions took part in the survey. Clinical end users currently use the following radionuclides in their studies: 177Lu, 68 Ga, 111In, 90Y, other alpha emitters, 225Ac, 64Cu and Terbium isotopes. Radionuclides that would be of interest for users within the next 2-5 years are 64Cu, Terbium radionuclide "family" and alpha emitters, such as 225Ac. CONCLUSIONS Thanks to a questionnaire distributed by the PRISMAP consortium, the current status and needs of clinical end-users in nuclear medicine were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Radzina
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Saule
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Edgars Mamis
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristaps Palskis
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Zeynep Talip
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Mikael Jensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Sadler AWE, Hogan L, Fraser B, Rendina LM. Cutting edge rare earth radiometals: prospects for cancer theranostics. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:21. [PMID: 36018527 PMCID: PMC9418400 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With recent advances in novel approaches to cancer therapy and imaging, the application of theranostic techniques in personalised medicine has emerged as a very promising avenue of research inquiry in recent years. Interest has been directed towards the theranostic potential of Rare Earth radiometals due to their closely related chemical properties which allow for their facile and interchangeable incorporation into identical bifunctional chelators or targeting biomolecules for use in a diverse range of cancer imaging and therapeutic applications without additional modification, i.e. a “one-size-fits-all” approach. This review will focus on recent progress and innovations in the area of Rare Earth radionuclides for theranostic applications by providing a detailed snapshot of their current state of production by means of nuclear reactions, subsequent promising theranostic capabilities in the clinic, as well as a discussion of factors that have impacted upon their progress through the theranostic drug development pipeline. Main body In light of this interest, a great deal of research has also been focussed towards certain under-utilised Rare Earth radionuclides with diverse and favourable decay characteristics which span the broad spectrum of most cancer imaging and therapeutic applications, with potential nuclides suitable for α-therapy (149Tb), β−-therapy (47Sc, 161Tb, 166Ho, 153Sm, 169Er, 149Pm, 143Pr, 170Tm), Auger electron (AE) therapy (161Tb, 135La, 165Er), positron emission tomography (43Sc, 44Sc, 149Tb, 152Tb, 132La, 133La), and single photon emission computed tomography (47Sc, 155Tb, 152Tb, 161Tb, 166Ho, 153Sm, 149Pm, 170Tm). For a number of the aforementioned radionuclides, their progression from ‘bench to bedside’ has been hamstrung by lack of availability due to production and purification methods requiring further optimisation. Conclusions In order to exploit the potential of these radionuclides, reliable and economical production and purification methods that provide the desired radionuclides in high yield and purity are required. With more reactors around the world being decommissioned in future, solutions to radionuclide production issues will likely be found in a greater focus on linear accelerator and cyclotron infrastructure and production methods, as well as mass separation methods. Recent progress towards the optimisation of these and other radionuclide production and purification methods has increased the feasibility of utilising Rare Earth radiometals in both preclinical and clinical settings, thereby placing them at the forefront of radiometals research for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leena Hogan
- ANSTO Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Benjamin Fraser
- ANSTO Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Louis M Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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4
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Dellepiane G, Casolaro P, Favaretto C, Grundler P, Mateu I, Scampoli P, Talip Z, van der Meulen NP, Braccini S. Cross-section measurement of terbium radioisotopes for an optimized 155Tb production with an 18 MeV medical PET cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 184:110175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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5
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Favaretto C, Talip Z, Borgna F, Grundler PV, Dellepiane G, Sommerhalder A, Zhang H, Schibli R, Braccini S, Müller C, van der Meulen NP. Cyclotron production and radiochemical purification of terbium-155 for SPECT imaging. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:37. [PMID: 34778932 PMCID: PMC8590989 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Terbium-155 [T1/2 = 5.32 d, Eγ = 87 keV (32%) 105 keV (25%)] is an interesting radionuclide suitable for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with potential application in the diagnosis of oncological disease. It shows similar decay characteristics to the clinically established indium-111 and would be a useful substitute for the diagnosis and prospective dosimetry with biomolecules that are afterwards labeled with therapeutic radiolanthanides and pseudo-radiolanthanides, such as lutetium-177 and yttrium-90. Moreover, terbium-155 could form part of the perfect “matched pair” with the therapeutic radionuclide terbium-161, making the concept of true radiotheragnostics a reality. The aim of this study was the investigation of the production of terbium-155 via the 155Gd(p,n)155Tb and 156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reactions and its subsequent purification, in order to obtain a final product in quantity and quality sufficient for preclinical application. The 156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reaction was performed with 72 MeV protons (degraded to ~ 23 MeV), while the 155Gd(p,n)155Tb reaction was degraded further to ~ 10 MeV, as well as performed at an 18 MeV medical cyclotron, to demonstrate its feasibility of production. Result The 156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reaction demonstrated higher production yields of up to 1.7 GBq, however, lower radionuclidic purity when compared to the final product (~ 200 MBq) of the 155Gd(p,n)155Tb nuclear reaction. In particular, other radioisotopes of terbium were produced as side products. The radiochemical purification of terbium-155 from the target material was developed to provide up to 1.0 GBq product in a small volume (~ 1 mL 0.05 M HCl), suitable for radiolabeling purposes. The high chemical purity of terbium-155 was proven by radiolabeling experiments at molar activities up to 100 MBq/nmol. SPECT/CT experiments were performed in tumor-bearing mice using [155Tb]Tb-DOTATOC. Conclusion This study demonstrated two possible production routes for high activities of terbium-155 using a cyclotron, indicating that the radionuclide is more accessible than the exclusive mass-separated method previously demonstrated. The developed radiochemical purification of terbium-155 from the target material yielded [155Tb]TbCl3 in high chemical purity. As a result, initial cell uptake investigations, as well as SPECT/CT in vivo studies with [155Tb]Tb-DOTATOC, were successfully performed, indicating that the chemical separation produced a product with suitable quality for preclinical studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41181-021-00153-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Favaretto
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Z Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - F Borgna
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - P V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - G Dellepiane
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Sommerhalder
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - H Zhang
- Division Large Research Facilities, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - R Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Braccini
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - N P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland. .,Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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Heinke R, Chevallay E, Chrysalidis K, Cocolios TE, Duchemin C, Fedosseev VN, Hurier S, Lambert L, Leenders B, Marsh BA, van der Meulen NP, Sprung P, Stora T, Tosato M, Wilkins SG, Zhang H, Talip Z. Efficient Production of High Specific Activity Thulium-167 at Paul Scherrer Institute and CERN-MEDICIS. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:712374. [PMID: 34712674 PMCID: PMC8546370 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.712374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thulium-167 is a promising radionuclide for nuclear medicine applications with potential use for both diagnosis and therapy ("theragnostics") in disseminated tumor cells and small metastases, due to suitable gamma-line as well as conversion/Auger electron energies. However, adequate delivery methods are yet to be developed and accompanying radiobiological effects to be investigated, demanding the availability of 167Tm in appropriate activities and quality. We report herein on the production of radionuclidically pure 167Tm from proton-irradiated natural erbium oxide targets at a cyclotron and subsequent ion beam mass separation at the CERN-MEDICIS facility, with a particular focus on the process efficiency. Development of the mass separation process with studies on stable 169Tm yielded 65 and 60% for pure and erbium-excess samples. An enhancement factor of thulium ion beam over that of erbium of up to several 104 was shown by utilizing laser resonance ionization and exploiting differences in their vapor pressures. Three 167Tm samples produced at the IP2 irradiation station, receiving 22.8 MeV protons from Injector II at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), were mass separated with collected radionuclide efficiencies between 11 and 20%. Ion beam sputtering from the collection foils was identified as a limiting factor. In-situ gamma-measurements showed that up to 45% separation efficiency could be fully collected if these limits are overcome. Comparative analyses show possible neighboring mass suppression factors of more than 1,000, and overall 167Tm/Er purity increase in the same range. Both the actual achieved collection and separation efficiencies present the highest values for the mass separation of external radionuclide sources at MEDICIS to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Heinke
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chevallay
- European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Charlotte Duchemin
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophie Hurier
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Laura Lambert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benji Leenders
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruce A. Marsh
- European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P. van der Meulen
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sprung
- Analytic Radioactive Materials, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Stora
- European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Tosato
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Shane G. Wilkins
- European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hui Zhang
- Division Large Research Facilities, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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7
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Gadelshin VM, Formento Cavaier R, Haddad F, Heinke R, Stora T, Studer D, Weber F, Wendt K. Terbium Medical Radioisotope Production: Laser Resonance Ionization Scheme Development. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:727557. [PMID: 34712678 PMCID: PMC8546115 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.727557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Terbium (Tb) is a promising element for the theranostic approach in nuclear medicine. The new CERN-MEDICIS facility aims for production of its medical radioisotopes to support related R&D projects in biomedicine. The use of laser resonance ionization is essential to provide radioisotopic yields of highest quantity and quality, specifically regarding purity. This paper presents the results of preparation and characterization of a suitable two-step laser resonance ionization process for Tb. By resonance excitation via an auto-ionizing level, the high ionization efficiency of 53% was achieved. To simulate realistic production conditions for Tb radioisotopes, the influence of a surplus of Gd atoms, which is a typical target material for Tb generation, was considered, showing the necessity of radiochemical purification procedures before mass separation. Nevertheless, a 10-fold enhancement of the Tb ion beam using laser resonance ionization was observed even with Gd:Tb atomic ratio of 100:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Maratovich Gadelshin
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Roberto Formento Cavaier
- Advanced Accelerator Applications, A Novartis Company, Origgio, Italy
- GIP ARRONAX, Nantes, France
| | | | - Reinhard Heinke
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
- SY Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dominik Studer
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Weber
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Wendt
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
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Durán MT, Juget F, Nedjadi Y, Bochud F, Talip Z, van der Meulen NP, Köster U, Duchemin C, Stora T, Bailat C. Ytterbium-175 half-life determination. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 176:109893. [PMID: 34425350 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
175Yb is a radionuclide that can be generated by neutron capture on 174Yb and whose decay properties make it useful for developing therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. As it happens with many of the emerging radionuclides for medical uses in recent years, its nuclear data were determined decades ago and are not thoroughly documented nor accurate enough for metrological purposes. The last documented reference for the 175Yb half-life value is 4.185(1) days and dates back to 1989, so a redetermination of the value was considered appropriate before standardization at the Institute of Radiation Physics (IRA, Lausanne, Switzerland) primary measurements laboratory. Three independent measurement methods were used to this purpose: reference ionization chamber (CIR, chambre d'ionization de référence), CeBr3 γ-ray detector with digital electronics and a second CeBr3 detector with analog electronics and single-channel analyzer (SCA) counting. The value obtained for the 175Yb half-life is 4.1615(30) days which shows a 0.56% relative deviation to the last nuclear reference value (ENSDF 2004) and is supported with a detailed calculation of the associated uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ulli Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France
| | - Charlotte Duchemin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern-en stralingsfysica (IKS), B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Stora
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claude Bailat
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Duchemin C, Ramos JP, Stora T, Ahmed E, Aubert E, Audouin N, Barbero E, Barozier V, Bernardes AP, Bertreix P, Boscher A, Bruchertseifer F, Catherall R, Chevallay E, Christodoulou P, Chrysalidis K, Cocolios TE, Comte J, Crepieux B, Deschamps M, Dockx K, Dorsival A, Fedosseev VN, Fernier P, Formento-Cavaier R, El Idrissi S, Ivanov P, Gadelshin VM, Gilardoni S, Grenard JL, Haddad F, Heinke R, Juif B, Khalid U, Khan M, Köster U, Lambert L, Lilli G, Lunghi G, Marsh BA, Palenzuela YM, Martins R, Marzari S, Menaa N, Michel N, Munos M, Pozzi F, Riccardi F, Riegert J, Riggaz N, Rinchet JY, Rothe S, Russell B, Saury C, Schneider T, Stegemann S, Talip Z, Theis C, Thiboud J, van der Meulen NP, van Stenis M, Vincke H, Vollaire J, Vuong NT, Webster B, Wendt K, Wilkins SG. CERN-MEDICIS: A Review Since Commissioning in 2017. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:693682. [PMID: 34336898 PMCID: PMC8319400 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.693682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The CERN-MEDICIS (MEDical Isotopes Collected from ISolde) facility has delivered its first radioactive ion beam at CERN (Switzerland) in December 2017 to support the research and development in nuclear medicine using non-conventional radionuclides. Since then, fourteen institutes, including CERN, have joined the collaboration to drive the scientific program of this unique installation and evaluate the needs of the community to improve the research in imaging, diagnostics, radiation therapy and personalized medicine. The facility has been built as an extension of the ISOLDE (Isotope Separator On Line DEvice) facility at CERN. Handling of open radioisotope sources is made possible thanks to its Radiological Controlled Area and laboratory. Targets are being irradiated by the 1.4 GeV proton beam delivered by the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) on a station placed between the High Resolution Separator (HRS) ISOLDE target station and its beam dump. Irradiated target materials are also received from external institutes to undergo mass separation at CERN-MEDICIS. All targets are handled via a remote handling system and exploited on a dedicated isotope separator beamline. To allow for the release and collection of a specific radionuclide of medical interest, each target is heated to temperatures of up to 2,300°C. The created ions are extracted and accelerated to an energy up to 60 kV, and the beam steered through an off-line sector field magnet mass separator. This is followed by the extraction of the radionuclide of interest through mass separation and its subsequent implantation into a collection foil. In addition, the MELISSA (MEDICIS Laser Ion Source Setup At CERN) laser laboratory, in service since April 2019, helps to increase the separation efficiency and the selectivity. After collection, the implanted radionuclides are dispatched to the biomedical research centers, participating in the CERN-MEDICIS collaboration, for Research & Development in imaging or treatment. Since its commissioning, the CERN-MEDICIS facility has provided its partner institutes with non-conventional medical radionuclides such as Tb-149, Tb-152, Tb-155, Sm-153, Tm-165, Tm-167, Er-169, Yb-175, and Ac-225 with a high specific activity. This article provides a review of the achievements and milestones of CERN-MEDICIS since it has produced its first radioactive isotope in December 2017, with a special focus on its most recent operation in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Duchemin
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joao P. Ramos
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Stora
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Essraa Ahmed
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elodie Aubert
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ermanno Barbero
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Barozier
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana-Paula Bernardes
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Bertreix
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Boscher
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Richard Catherall
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chevallay
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas E. Cocolios
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeremie Comte
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Crepieux
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Deschamps
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristof Dockx
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Dorsival
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal Fernier
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert Formento-Cavaier
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Groupement d'Intérêt Public ARRONAX, Nantes, France
| | - Safouane El Idrissi
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Vadim M. Gadelshin
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simone Gilardoni
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Grenard
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ferid Haddad
- Groupement d'Intérêt Public ARRONAX, Nantes, France
| | - Reinhard Heinke
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Juif
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Umair Khalid
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazam Khan
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Laura Lambert
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Lilli
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Lunghi
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruce A. Marsh
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Renata Martins
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Marzari
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Menaa
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Maxime Munos
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Pozzi
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Riccardi
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Riegert
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Riggaz
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Rinchet
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Rothe
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ben Russell
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Christelle Saury
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon Stegemann
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Theis
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Thiboud
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Miranda van Stenis
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Vincke
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Vollaire
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nhat-Tan Vuong
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Klaus Wendt
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shane G. Wilkins
- Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Determination of the gamma and X-ray emission intensities of erbium-169. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 176:109823. [PMID: 34175545 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gamma and X-ray emission intensities of 169Er were determined using radionuclidically pure 169Er. The activity of the 169Er source was standardized by the triple-to-double-coincidence ratio technique. Three independent measurements were performed to measure the emission intensities using calibrated high-purity germanium spectrometers. The efficiencies were computed with the Monte Carlo method and validated using several experimental measurements. Final results present a large uncertainty reduction compared to previous evaluations. The emission intensities per decay of 169Er are reported as 1.401(40).10-5 for the 109.8 keV line and 1.513(19).10-6 for the 118.2 keV line. The values obtained for the X-ray lines show large discrepancies with the reference values.
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