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Moore BN, Pluznick JL. Commensal microbiota regulate renal gene expression in a sex-specific manner. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F511-F520. [PMID: 37053490 PMCID: PMC10202489 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00303.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome impacts host gene expression not only in the colon but also at distal sites including the liver, white adipose tissue, and spleen. The gut microbiome also influences the kidney and is associated with renal diseases and pathologies; however, a role for the gut microbiome to modulate renal gene expression has not been examined. To determine if microbes modulate renal gene expression, we used whole organ RNA sequencing to compare gene expression in C57Bl/6 mice that were germ free (lacking gut microbiota) versus conventionalized (gut microbiota reintroduced using an oral gavage of a fecal slurry composed of mixed stool). 16S sequencing showed that male and female mice were similarly conventionalized, although Verrucomicrobia was higher in male mice. We found that renal gene expression was differentially regulated in the presence vs. absence of microbiota and that these changes were largely sex specific. Although microbes also influenced gene expression in the liver and large intestine, most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the kidney were not similarly regulated in the liver or large intestine. This demonstrates that the influence of the gut microbiota on gene expression is tissue specific. However, a minority of genes (n = 4 in males and n = 6 in females) were similarly regulated in all three tissues examined, including genes associated with circadian rhythm (period 1 in males and period 2 in females) and metal binding (metallothionein 1 and metallothionein 2 in both males and females). Finally, using a previously published single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset, we assigned a subset of DEGs to specific kidney cell types, revealing clustering of DEGs by cell type and/or sex.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is unknown whether the microbiome influences host gene expression in the kidney. Here, we utilized an unbiased, bulk RNA-sequencing approach to compare gene expression in the kidneys of male and female mice with or without gut microbiota. This report demonstrates that renal gene expression is modulated by the microbiome in a sex- and tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni N Moore
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Thongnak L, Jaruan O, Pengrattanachot N, Promsan S, Phengpol N, Sutthasupha P, Jaikumkao K, Sriyotai W, Mahatheeranont S, Lungkaphin A. Resistant starch from black rice, Oryza sativa L. var. ameliorates renal inflammation, fibrosis and injury in insulin resistant rats. Phytother Res 2023; 37:935-948. [PMID: 36379906 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been reported that black rice (BR) extract has anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-osteoporosis effects. It has been shown to reduce obese-related kidney dysfunction in animal models. This study aimed to investigate the effect of resistant starch from BR (RS) on renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in obese insulin resistant rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: normal diet (ND), ND treated with 150 mg of RS (NDRS150), high-fat (HF) diet, HF treated with 100 and 150 mg of RS (HFRS100), (HFRS150), and HF treated with metformin as a positive control. Insulin resistance was shown in the HF rats by glucose intolerance, increased insulin, total area under the curve of glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The resulting metabolic disturbance in the HF rats caused renal inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis progressing to kidney injury and dysfunction. Prebiotic RS including anthocyanin from BR at doses of 100 and 150 mg ameliorated insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and liver injury. Treatment with RS reduced TGF-β fibrotic and apoptotic pathways by inhibition of NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines which potentially restore kidney damage and dysfunction. In conclusion, prebiotic RS from BR ameliorated obesity induced renal injury and dysfunction by attenuating inflammatory, fibrotic, and apoptotic pathways in insulin resistant rats induced by HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laongdao Thongnak
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onanong Jaruan
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattavadee Pengrattanachot
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasivimon Promsan
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nichakorn Phengpol
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prempree Sutthasupha
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Krit Jaikumkao
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Woraprapa Sriyotai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Functional Foods for Health and Disease, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Functional Food Research Center for Well-Being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Li XY, Tan ZJ. Modern biological connotation of diarrhea with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:119-127. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome, a common traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of diarrhea, has a complex pathogenesis. This paper explores the mechanisms of the development of diarrhea with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome from three aspects: Gut flora, signaling pathway, and molecules related to the "kidney-gut axis", and tries to identify biomarkers for diarrhea with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome. It is of great significance to reveal the modern biological connotation of diarrhea with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome, which can promote the subsequent clinical targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Jin Tan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
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