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Liang R, Geng J, Jiang H, Jin S, Wang X, Liu X. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Eye Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38456233 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2327054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the choroidal retinal microvascular system in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) subjects and furnish additional proof for the early authentication and treatment of VKH suffers. METHODS From the beginning to July 2023, a comprehensive search for issued articles on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) among VKH sufferers was implemented in Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. This meta-analysis included 9 eligible studies. Primary endpoints included four kinds of vascular densities, such as superficial capillaris plexus (SCP), deep capillaris plexus (DCP), and choriocapillary (CC). In addition to these, there were foveal avascular zone (FAZ), central retinal thickness (CT), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA log MAR), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT). RESULTS SCP and DCP vessel densities in maculas were both smaller in VKH sufferers in the active stage than those normal and remission examinees (SCP vessel density, p < 0.00001, DCP vessel density, p < 0.00001). Compared to remission, CC vascular density was lower during the active phase. (p < 0.00001). SFCT and CT in the active phase exceeded those in normal and remission examinees (all of them p < 0.00001). In terms of the patients with remission, their FAZ was bigger than that in normal subjects. (MD =0.04, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Retinal and choroidal microvasculatures are characteristically changed in active VKH patients, which suggests that OCTA can be used as a tool for VKH follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Liang
- Ophthalmology Clinic of the Bethune Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Geng
- Ophthalmology Clinic of the Bethune Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Ophthalmology Clinic of the Bethune Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Siyan Jin
- Ophthalmology Clinic of the Bethune Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Ophthalmology Clinic of the Bethune Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Ophthalmology Clinic of the Bethune Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Qi Z, Si Y, Feng F, Zhu J, Yang X, Wang W, Zhang Y, Cui Y. Analysis of retinal and choroidal characteristics in patients with early diabetic retinopathy using WSS-OCTA. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1184717. [PMID: 37293481 PMCID: PMC10244727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and destructive microvascular complications of DM, and has become a major cause of irreversible visual impairment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in fundus microcirculation in non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) and mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) using widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WSSOCTA), and to investigate the correlation with laboratory indices of T2DM. Methods Eighty nine, 58 and 28 eyes were included in the NDR, NPDR and Control groups, respectively, were enrolled in this study. The 12mm×12mm fundus images obtained by WSS-OCTA were divided into 9 regions (supratemporal, ST; temporal, T; inferotemporal, IT; superior, S; central macular area, C; inferior, I; supranasal, SN; nasal, N; inferonasal, IN) to evaluate changes in vessel density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), choriocapillaris, and mid-large choroidal vessel (MLCV), as well as changes in inner retinal thickness (IRT), outer retinal thickness (ORT), and choroidal thickness (CT). Results: Compared with control group, MLCV VD (I, N, IN) was significantly decreased in NDR group, SCP VD (IT, C, I) and DCP VD (T, IT, I) were significantly decreased in NPDR group. In NPDR group, DCP VD (IT) was significantly decreased compared with that in NDR group. Compared with control group, CT (ST, T, IT, S, SN, IN) was significantly declined in NDR group, and IRT (ST, IT) and ORT (ST, N) were significantly increased in NPDR group. In NPDR group, IRT (ST) and ORT (T, S) were significantly increased compared with NDR group. Correlation analysis showed that age, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, fasting C-peptide, and estimated glomerular filtration rate in T2DM patients were statistically correlated with retinal and choroidal thickness/VD. Discussion Structural and blood flow changes in the choroid occur before the onset of DR and precede changes in the retinal microcirculation, and MLCV thickness/VD is a more sensitive imaging biomarker for the clinical detection of DR. WSS-OCTA enables large-scale non-invasive visual screening and follow-up of the retinal and choroidal vasculature in DR patients, providing a new strategy for the prevention and monitoring of DR in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuepeng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Xiao P, Ma K, Ye X, Wang G, Duan Z, Huang Y, Luo Z, Hu X, Chi W, Yuan J. Classification of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease using feature selection and classification based on wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1086347. [PMID: 37200845 PMCID: PMC10185775 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1086347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a common and easily blinded uveitis entity, with choroid being the main involved site. Classification of VKH disease and its different stages is crucial because they differ in clinical manifestations and therapeutic interventions. Wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WSS-OCTA) provides the advantages of non-invasiveness, large-field-of-view, high resolution, and ease of measuring and calculating choroid, offering the potential feasibility of simplified VKH classification assessment based on WSS-OCTA. Methods: 15 healthy controls (HC), 13 acute-phase and 17 convalescent-phase VKH patients were included, undertaken WSS-OCTA examination with a scanning field of 15 × 9 mm2. 20 WSS-OCTA parameters were then extracted from WSS-OCTA images. To classify HC and VKH patients in acute and convalescent phases, two 2-class VKH datasets (HC and VKH) and two 3-class VKH datasets (HC, acute-phase VKH, and convalescent-phase VKH) were established by the WSS-OCTA parameters alone or in combination with best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP), respectively. A new feature selection and classification method that combines an equilibrium optimizer and a support vector machine (called SVM-EO) was adopted to select classification-sensitive parameters among the massive datasets and to achieve outstanding classification performance. The interpretability of the VKH classification models was demonstrated based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Results: Based on pure WSS-OCTA parameters, we achieved classification accuracies of 91.61% ± 12.17% and 86.69% ± 8.30% for 2- and 3-class VKH classification tasks. By combining the WSS-OCTA parameters and logMAR BCVA, we achieved better classification performance of 98.82% ± 2.63% and 96.16% ± 5.88%, respectively. Through SHAP analysis, we found that logMAR BCVA and vascular perfusion density (VPD) calculated from the whole field of view region in the choriocapillaris (whole FOV CC-VPD) were the most important features for VKH classification in our models. Conclusion: We achieved excellent VKH classification performance based on a non-invasive WSS-OCTA examination, which provides the possibility for future clinical VKH classification with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- *Correspondence: Peng Xiao, ; Jin Yuan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Yuan
- *Correspondence: Peng Xiao, ; Jin Yuan,
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Singh RB, Perepelkina T, Testi I, Young BK, Mirza T, Invernizzi A, Biswas J, Agarwal A. Imaging-based Assessment of Choriocapillaris: A Comprehensive Review. Semin Ophthalmol 2022:1-22. [PMID: 35982638 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2022.2109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over the past two decades, advancements in imaging modalities have significantly evolved the diagnosis and management of retinal diseases. Through these novel platforms, we have developed a deeper understanding of the anatomy of the choroidal vasculature and the choriocapillaris. The recently developed tools such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have helped elucidate the pathological mechanisms of several posterior segment diseases. In this review, we have explained the anatomy of the choriocapillaris and its close relationship to the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium. METHODS A comprehensive search of medical literature was performed through the Medline/PubMed database using search terms: choriocapillaris, choroid, quantification, biomarkers, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, choroidal blood flow, mean blur rate, flow deficit, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, OCTA, Doppler imaging, uveitis, choroiditis, white dot syndrome, tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis, choroidal granuloma, pachychoroid, toxoplasmosis, central serous chorioretinopathy, multifocal choroiditis, choroidal neovascularization, choroidal thickness, choroidal vascularity index, choroidal vascular density, and choroidal blood supply. The search terms were used either independently or combined with choriocapillaris/choroid. RESULTS The imaging techniques which are used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze choriocapillaris are described. The pathological alterations in the choriocapillaris in an array of conditions such as diabetes mellitus, age-related macular degeneration, pachychoroid spectrum of diseases, and inflammatory disorders have been comprehensively reviewed. The future directions in the study of choriocapillaris have also been discussed. CONCLUSION The development of imaging tools such as OCT and OCTA has dramatically improved the assessment of choriocapillaris in health and disease. The choriocapillaris can be delineated from the stromal choroid using the OCT and quantified by manual or automated methods. However, these techniques have inherent limitations due to the lack of an anatomical distinction between the choriocapillaris and the stromal choroid, which can be overcome with the use of predefined segmentation slabs on OCT and OCTA. These segmentation slabs help in standardizing the choriocapillaris imaging and obtain repeatable measurements in various conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, pachychoroid spectrum, and ocular inflammations. Additionally, Doppler imaging has also been effectively used to evaluate the choroidal blood flow and quantifying the choriocapillaris and establishing its role in the pathogenesis of various retinochoroidal diseases. As tremendous technological advancements such as wide-field and ultra-wide field imaging take place, there will be a significant improvement in the ease and accuracy of quantifying the choriocapillaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bir Singh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tatiana Perepelkina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ilaria Testi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Benjamin K Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tuba Mirza
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ascension Macomb Oakland Eye Institute, Warren, MI, USA
| | - Alessandro Invernizzi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco", Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jyotirmay Biswas
- Department of Uveitis and Ocular Pathology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Aniruddha Agarwal
- Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Xu F, Li Z, Gao Y, Yang X, Huang Z, Li Z, Zhang R, Wang S, Guo X, Hou X, Ning X, Li J. Retinal Microvascular Signs in Pre- and Early-Stage Diabetic Retinopathy Detected Using Wide-Field Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154332. [PMID: 35893423 PMCID: PMC9329884 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Using a wide-field, high-resolution swept-source optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA), this study investigated microvascular abnormalities in patients with pre- and early-stage diabetic retinopathy. Methods 38 eyes of 20 people with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 39 eyes of 21 people with DR were enrolled in this observational and cross-sectional cohort study, and a refractive error-matched group consisting of 42 eyes of 21 non-diabetic subjects of similar age were set as the control. Each participant underwent a wide-field swept-source OCTA. On OCTA scans (1.2 cm × 1.2 cm), the mean central macular thickness (CMT), the vessel density of the inner retina, superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were independently measured in the whole area (1.2 cm diameter) via concentric rings with varying radii (0–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–0.9, and 0.9–1.2 cm). Results Patients whose eyes had pre-and early-stage DR showed significantly decreased vessel density in the inner retina, SCP, DCP and CMT (early-stage DR) compared with the control. In addition, compared with the average values upon wide-field OCTA, the decreases were even more pronounced for concentric rings with a radius of 0.9–1.2 cm in terms of the inner retina, SCP, DCP and CMT. Conclusions Widefield OCTA allows for a more thorough assessment of retinal changes in patients with pre- and early-stage DR.; retinal microvascular abnormalities were observed in both groups. In addition, the decreases in retinal vessel density were more significant in the peripheral concentric ring with a radius of 0.9–1.2 cm. The application of novel and wide-field OCTA could potentially help to detect earlier diabetic microvascular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabao Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (F.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (R.Z.)
- Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-Free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (X.N.)
- Magnetic Field-Free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (F.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yang Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-Free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (X.N.)
- Magnetic Field-Free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (F.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ziyuan Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-Free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (X.N.)
- Magnetic Field-Free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan 250000, China;
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (F.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zibo Central Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Zibo 250012, China;
| | - Xinghong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 255000, China; (X.G.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 255000, China; (X.G.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaolin Ning
- Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-Free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (X.N.)
- Magnetic Field-Free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (F.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (R.Z.)
- Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-Free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (X.N.)
- Magnetic Field-Free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-185-6008-7118
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Xu F, Li Z, Yang X, Gao Y, Li Z, Li G, Wang S, Ning X, Li J. Assessment of choroidal structural changes in patients with pre- and early-stage clinical diabetic retinopathy using wide-field SS-OCTA. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1036625. [PMID: 36743939 PMCID: PMC9892628 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1036625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the micro-vascular changes in choroidal structures in patients with pre- and early-stage clinical diabetic retinopathy (DR) using wide-field Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (SS-OCTA). METHOD This observational cross-sectional study included 131 eyes of 68 subjects that were divided into healthy controls (group 1, n = 46), pre-DR (group 2, n = 43), early-stage DR (group 3, n = 42) cohorts. All participants that underwent SS-OCTA examination were inpatients in the department of Ophthalmology and the department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, and Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan, from July 11, 2021 to March 17, 2022. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI), choroidal thickness (ChT) and central macular thickness (CMT) in the whole area (diameter of 12 mm) and concentric rings with different ranges (0-3, 3-6, 6-9, and 9-12 mm) were recorded and analyzed from the OCTA image. RESULT Compared with healthy eyes, decreases in CVI and ChT were found in the eyes of patients with pre-or early-stage DR. The changes were more significant in the peripheral choroid, with the most prominent abnormalities in the 9-12mm area (P < 0.001). However, there was no obvious difference in the average CMT value. Furthermore, CVI and ChT were significantly correlated with the duration of diabetes in the range of 6-9 and 9-12 mm (Ps < 0.05; Correlation coefficient = -0.549, -0.395, respectively), with the strongest correlation (Ps < 0.01; Correlation coefficient = -0.597, -0.413, respectively) observed at 9-12 mm. CONCLUSION The CVI and ChT values of diabetic patients are significantly lower than in healthy controls, especially in patients with early-stage DR. In addition, the peripheral choroidal capillaries are more susceptible to early DM-induced injury than in the central area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabao Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan, China
- Research Institute of Shandong University: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan, China
- Research Institute of Shandong University: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Jinan Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Zibo Central Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Zibo Central Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Ning
- Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan, China
- Research Institute of Shandong University: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan, China
- Research Institute of Shandong University: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianqiao Li,
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