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Kim SH, Yu SY, Choo JH, Kim J, Ahn K, Hwang SY. Epigenetic Methylation Changes in Pregnant Women: Bisphenol Exposure and Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1579. [PMID: 38338858 PMCID: PMC10855599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol is a chemical substance widely used in plastic products and food containers. In this study, we observed a relationship between DNA methylation and atopic dermatitis (AD) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pregnant women exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and its alternatives, bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF). DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, which can be altered by environmental factors, and affects the onset and progression of diseases. We found that genes belonging to the JAK-STAT and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were hypomethylated in the blood of pregnant women exposed to bisphenols. These genes play important roles in skin barrier function and immune responses, and may influence AD. Therefore, we suggest that not only BPA, but also BPS and BPF, which are used as alternatives, can have a negative impact on AD through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Kim
- Department of Bio-Nanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea;
| | - So Yeon Yu
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.Y.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jeong Hyeop Choo
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.Y.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea (K.A.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea (K.A.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yong Hwang
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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2
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Malaga M, Rodriguez-Calienes A, Chavez-Ecos FA, Huerta-Rosario A, Alvarado-Gamarra G, Cabanillas-Lazo M, Moran-Ballon P, Velásquez-Rimachi V, Martinez-Esteban P, Alva-Diaz C. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a scoping review. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1260610. [PMID: 38249725 PMCID: PMC10797703 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1260610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our objective was to identify recent CPGs for the diagnosis and management of DMD and summarize their characteristics and reliability. Methods We conducted a scoping review of CPGs using MEDLINE, the Turning Research Into Practice (TRIP) database, Google Scholar, guidelines created by organizations, and other repositories to identify CPGs published in the last 5 years. Our protocol was drafted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses for scoping reviews. To assess the reliability of the CPGs, we used all the domains included in the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II. Results We selected three CPGs published or updated between 2015 and 2020. All the guidelines showed good or adequate methodological rigor but presented pitfalls in stakeholder involvement and applicability domains. Recommendations were coherent across CPGs on steroid treatment, except for minor differences in dosing regimens. However, the recommendations were different for new drugs. Discussion There is a need for current and reliable CPGs that develop broad topics on the management of DMD and consider the challenges of developing recommendations for RDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malaga
- Facultad de Medicina Humana de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Peru
| | - Aaron Rodriguez-Calienes
- Grupo de Investigación Neurociencia, Efectividad Clínica y Salud Pública, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Fabian A. Chavez-Ecos
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de Ica, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica, Peru
| | - Andrely Huerta-Rosario
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Giancarlo Alvarado-Gamarra
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
- Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Cabanillas-Lazo
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de San Fernando, Lima, Peru
| | - Paula Moran-Ballon
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Peru
- Sociedad Científica Universidad San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Victor Velásquez-Rimachi
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación Neurociencia, Efectividad Clínica y Salud Pública, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Carlos Alva-Diaz
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
- Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina y Oficina de Apoyo a la Docencia e Investigación (OADI), Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru
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Sood S, Georgakopoulos JR, Maliyar K, Sachdeva M, Mufti A, Yeung J. Use of Dupilumab for Adult-Onset Atopic Dermatitis: A Real-World Retrospective Study. J Cutan Med Surg 2024; 28:96-97. [PMID: 38158559 DOI: 10.1177/12034754231220933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Sood
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jorge R Georgakopoulos
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khalad Maliyar
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muskaan Sachdeva
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Asfandyar Mufti
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jensen Yeung
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Lilova R, Dubin J, Hameed D, Pettijohn WA, Bains SS, Reich J, Moore MC, Delanois RE. Assessment of the AAOS guidelines using the AGREE II instrument: An update. J Orthop 2023; 46:83-89. [PMID: 37969226 PMCID: PMC10643090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2023.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) provides clinical guidelines and frequently updates and expands on the recommendations. High quality, up-to-date, and applicable clinical guidelines are increasingly important tools for physicians to have. Assessing these continuously updating guidelines' overall quality has most recently been done in 2013 when there were 14 guidelines. Since then, nearly all guidelines have been updated and now 28 guidelines are provided. Our goal was to evaluate the updated 2023 AAOS guidelines using the well-established Advancing Guideline Development, Reporting and Evaluation in Health Care (AGREE II) tool. Methods On April 23, 2023, all 28 guidelines set forth by AAOS were compiled. Using the AGREE II tool, a well-recognized and established tool for evaluation of guideline quality used across all disciplines, three independent reviewers appraised the current guidelines. These data were used to run descriptive statistics and assessed accordingly. Results Across the 28 guidelines, the average AGREE II domain scores were as follows: Scope and Purpose (median score, 85%), Stakeholder Involvement (median score, 87%), Rigor of Development (median score, 87%), Clarity of Presentation (median score, 87%), Applicability (median score, 48%), Editorial Independence (median score, 87%), and Overall Assessment (median score, 80s%). Conclusions Five of the six AGREE II domains, including the overall assessment, tested achieved a median score above the 50% mark. These results indicate that the AAOS guidelines met many criteria for high quality based on a critical appraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radina Lilova
- LifeBridge Health, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Dubin
- LifeBridge Health, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Hameed
- LifeBridge Health, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Whitney A. Pettijohn
- LifeBridge Health, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandeep S. Bains
- LifeBridge Health, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Reich
- LifeBridge Health, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mallory C. Moore
- LifeBridge Health, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronald E. Delanois
- LifeBridge Health, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Haft MA, Park HH, Lee SS, Sprague JM, Paller AS, Cotton CH, Thyssen JP, Eichenfield LF. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Chronic Hand Eczema: The PeDRA CACHES Survey. Paediatr Drugs 2023:10.1007/s40272-023-00574-x. [PMID: 37225932 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-023-00574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hand eczema (CHE) significantly impacts quality of life. Published literature on pediatric CHE (P-CHE) in North America including knowledge on epidemiology and standard evaluation and management is limited. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess diagnostic practices when evaluating patients with P-CHE in the US and Canada, produce data on therapeutic agent prescribing practices for the disorder, and lay the foundation for future studies. METHODS We surveyed pediatric dermatologists to collect data on clinician and patient population demographics, diagnostic methods, therapeutic agent selection, among other statistics. From June 2021 to January 2022, a survey was distributed to members of the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA). RESULTS Fifty PeDRA members responded stating that they would be interested in participating, and 21 surveys were completed. For patients with P-CHE, providers most often utilize the diagnoses of irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic hand eczema, and atopic dermatitis. Contact allergy patch testing and bacterial hand culture are the most used tests for workup. Nearly all utilize topical corticosteroids as first line therapy. Most responders report that they have treated fewer than six patients with systemic agents and prefer dupilumab as first-line systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS This is the first characterization of P-CHE among pediatric dermatologists in the United States and Canada. This assessment may prove useful in designing further investigations including prospective studies of P-CHE epidemiology, morphology, nomenclature, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Haft
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, Mail Code 5092, San Diego, CA, 92130, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0869, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0869, USA
| | - Helen H Park
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, Mail Code 5092, San Diego, CA, 92130, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0869, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0869, USA
| | - Stephanie S Lee
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, Mail Code 5092, San Diego, CA, 92130, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0869, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0869, USA
| | - Jessica M Sprague
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, Mail Code 5092, San Diego, CA, 92130, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0869, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0869, USA
| | - Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St. Suite 1600, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Colleen H Cotton
- Division of Dermatology, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C, 20010, USA
- Department of Dermatology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, Suite 2B-430, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Lawrence F Eichenfield
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, Mail Code 5092, San Diego, CA, 92130, USA.
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0869, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0869, USA.
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Ataide JA, Coco JC, dos Santos ÉM, Beraldo-Araujo V, Silva JRA, de Castro KC, Lopes AM, Filipczak N, Yalamarty SSK, Torchilin VP, Mazzola PG. Co-Encapsulation of Drugs for Topical Application-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031449. [PMID: 36771111 PMCID: PMC9921006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving the best possible outcome for the therapy is the main goal of a medicine. Therefore, nanocarriers and co-delivery strategies were invented to meet this need, as they can benefit many diseases. This approach was applied specifically for cancer treatment, with some success. However, these strategies may benefit many other clinical issues. Skin is the largest and most exposed organ of the human body, with physiological and psychological properties. Due to its exposition and importance, it is not difficult to understand how many skin diseases may impact on patients' lives, representing an important burden for society. Thus, this review aims to summarize the state of the art in research concerning nanocarriers and co-delivery strategies for topical agents' applications targeting skin diseases. The challenge for the medicine of the future is to deliver the drug with spatial and temporal control. Therefore, the co-encapsulation of drugs and the appropriate form of administration for them are so important and remain as unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Artem Ataide
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia Cedran Coco
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | - Érica Mendes dos Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Beraldo-Araujo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Moreni Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-373-3206; Fax: +1-617-373-8886
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
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Parrón-Ballesteros J, Gordo RG, López-Rodríguez JC, Olmo N, Villalba M, Batanero E, Turnay J. Beyond allergic progression: From molecules to microbes as barrier modulators in the gut-lung axis functionality. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1093800. [PMID: 36793545 PMCID: PMC9923236 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1093800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The "epithelial barrier hypothesis" states that a barrier dysfunction can result in allergy development due to tolerance breakdown. This barrier alteration may come from the direct contact of epithelial and immune cells with the allergens, and indirectly, through deleterious effects caused by environmental changes triggered by industrialization, pollution, and changes in the lifestyle. Apart from their protective role, epithelial cells can respond to external factors secreting IL-25 IL-33, and TSLP, provoking the activation of ILC2 cells and a Th2-biased response. Several environmental agents that influence epithelial barrier function, such as allergenic proteases, food additives or certain xenobiotics are reviewed in this paper. In addition, dietary factors that influence the allergenic response in a positive or negative way will be also described here. Finally, we discuss how the gut microbiota, its composition, and microbe-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, alter not only the gut but also the integrity of distant epithelial barriers, focusing this review on the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Parrón-Ballesteros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén García Gordo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nieves Olmo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Batanero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Turnay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Correspondence: Javier Turnay
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De Ravin E, Suresh N, Romeo D, Lu J, Shah M, Karakousis G, Moreira A, Rajasekaran K. Clinical Practice Guidelines on Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Quality Appraisal Using the AGREE II Instrument. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:8364-8372. [PMID: 36121581 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12525-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that is standard of care for the evaluation of clinically negative regional lymph nodes in patients with cutaneous melanoma. As the presence of metastases dictates patient prognosis and determines the need for further regional disease control or adjuvant therapy, SLNB is invaluable to clinical decision-making in patients presenting with melanoma. However, the indications for SLNB, specifically among patients with thin (<1 mm) or thick (>4 mm) melanomas, remain unclear. A number of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed outlining recommendations for the role of lymph node biopsy in the management of melanoma. However, to date, their quality has not been critically appraised. Our objective was to systematically evaluate all available CPGs on this topic using the validated Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. Four total guidelines met the inclusion criteria and underwent appraisal. Only one CPG achieved a "high" quality rating, indicating scores of >60% in at least five of the six AGREE II domains. Across all CPGs, the lowest scoring domains were "Applicability" and "Stakeholder involvement," which had average scores of 41.2% and 48.3%, respectively. Based on the AGREE II instrument, the quality of existing CPGs for the indications of SLNB for melanoma is low. Future guidelines should be pilot tested to evaluate barriers to application and should utilize multidisciplinary guideline development teams that include patients and key stakeholders in addition to clinical experts from all relevant disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma De Ravin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neeraj Suresh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominic Romeo
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Lu
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitali Shah
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giorgos Karakousis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Recent insights into the management of treatment-resistant pediatric atopic dermatitis. Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 8:e023. [PMID: 35647254 PMCID: PMC9132517 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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