Case Report: Pediatric Hepatic Rhabdomyosarcoma With Maximum Lifetime

Successful management strategy for giant primary hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma in 15-year-old male: a case report

Primary hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma is an exceedingly rare type of sarcomas. A 15-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain. Serial investigation showed a giant heterogeneous mass, with a diameter of 15 cm, located in the right lobe of the liver (segment 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7, 8), with clear margins, non-homogeneous density in computerized tomography and the Positron Emission Tomography Scan Multi Slice revealed a peripherally slightly metabolically active hepatic mass (205 × 134 × 208 mm). Histopathological examination and the Immunohistochemical showed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The management strategy involved multiple cycles of ifosfamide and doxorubicin and monitoring the tumor size, until the tumor size was suitable for the surgery. The management of hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma is a surgical challenge due to the late onset of symptoms, a limited number of reported cases, and poor prognosis. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for primary hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma and combination between chemotherapy, surgery showed good results.

About a Large Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Little Girl: Management Difficulties and Literature Review

Background

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare high-grade malignant tumor and the most common soft-tissue sarcoma, which occurs in young girl over 5 years old. Multimodality treatment associating with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy culminate in a >70% overall 5-year survival. This is the first case reported in 30 years of practice in Côte d'Ivoire, low- and middle-income country (LMIC).

Objective

To summarize clinical data, the significant alternative chemotherapy efficiency and difficulties related to the prognosis evaluation in an LMIC.

Case

A 2-year-old girl had been examined for a large mass in the vulvar region and clitoris. We carried out a biopsy for histopathologist exam. This allows pathologic, genetic, and biological characterization of nonmetastatic botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. A multidisciplinary team decision of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was retained combining vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and actinomycin D or alternatively with Adriamycin. After 3 weeks of chemotherapy, significant volumetric reduction of tumor was observed. Yet a surgical removal was proposed but not performed because the patient has no longer consulted our medical center and was lost to follow-up. Therefore, we cannot assess the long-term evolution and prognosis.

Conclusion

Embryonal RMS (ERMS) of clitoris is a rare malignant tumor of infant. Histology and immunohistochemistry are essential for diagnostic but unavailable in our context. We want to emphasize on the difficulties encountered in treatment and prognosis assessment. The primary free surgical removal of the vulva with adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy must then be implemented in our practice.