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Saeed A, Tabernero J, Parikh A, den Eynde MV, Karthaus M, Gerlinger M, Wang Z, Wang G, Smith R, Hecht JR. STELLAR-303: randomized phase III study of zanzalintinib + atezolizumab in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Future Oncol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39041200 DOI: 10.1080/14796694.2024.2352276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Most patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have limited treatment options following standard-of-care therapy. VEGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated clinical activity in mCRC in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly in patients without liver metastases. The TKI zanzalintinib (XL092) targets VEGFR, MET and TAM kinases, proteins that are involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and immunosuppression. Zanzalintinib has immunomodulatory properties that may enhance response to ICIs. Presented is the design of STELLAR-303, a global, phase III, open-label, randomized study evaluating zanzalintinib plus atezolizumab versus regorafenib in patients with non-MSI-H mCRC who progressed during/after or are refractory/intolerant to standard-of-care therapy. The primary end point is overall survival in patients without liver metastases.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05425940 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwaar Saeed
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) & UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus & Institute of Oncology (VHIO), IOB-Quiron, UVic-UCC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aparna Parikh
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Van den Eynde
- Institut Roi Albert II, Department of Medical Oncology Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Institut de Recherche Clinique et Experimentale (Pole MIRO), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Meinolf Karthaus
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Klinikum Neuperlach/Klinikum Harlaching, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Gerlinger
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - J Randolph Hecht
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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Arteaga-Blanco LA, Evans AE, Dixon DA. Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Non-Extracellular Vesicle Components from APC Min/+ Mice Promote Pro-Tumorigenic Activities and Activate Human Colonic Fibroblasts via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:1195. [PMID: 39056778 PMCID: PMC11274984 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Current studies have demonstrated that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different cancer cell types modulate the fibroblast microenvironment to contribute to cancer development and progression. Here, we isolated and characterized circulating large EVs (LEVs), small EVs (SEVs) and non-EV entities released in the plasma from wild-type (WT) mice and the APCMin/+ CRC mice model. Our results showed that human colon fibroblasts exposed from APC-EVs, but not from WT-EVs, exhibited the phenotypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through EV-mediated NF-κB pathway activation. Cytokine array analysis on secreted proteins revealed elevated levels of inflammatory cytokine implicated in cancer growth and metastasis. Finally, non-activated cells co-cultured with supernatant from fibroblasts treated with APC-EVs showed increased mRNA expressions of CAFs markers, the ECM, inflammatory cytokines, as well as the expression of genes controlled by NF-κB. Altogether, our work suggests that EVs and non-EV components from APCMin/+ mice are endowed with pro-tumorigenic activities and promoted inflammation and a CAF-like state by triggering NF-κB signaling in fibroblasts to support CRC growth and progression. These findings provide insight into the interaction between plasma-derived EVs and human cells and can be used to design new CRC diagnosis and prognosis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew E. Evans
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Dan A. Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
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3
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Verdina A, Garufi A, D’Orazi V, D’Orazi G. HIPK2 in Colon Cancer: A Potential Biomarker for Tumor Progression and Response to Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7678. [PMID: 39062921 PMCID: PMC11277226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer, one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide, is characterized by stepwise accumulation of specific genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, leading to tumor growth and metastasis. HIPK2 (homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase and a "bona fide" oncosuppressor protein. Its activation inhibits tumor growth mainly by promoting apoptosis, while its inactivation increases tumorigenicity and resistance to therapies of many different cancer types, including colon cancer. HIPK2 interacts with many molecular pathways by means of its kinase activity or transcriptional co-repressor function modulating cell growth and apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation and hypoxia. HIPK2 has been shown to participate in several molecular pathways involved in colon cancer including p53, Wnt/β-catenin and the newly identified nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2) p45-related factor 2 (NRF2). HIPK2 also plays a role in tumor-host interaction in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by inducing angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) differentiation. The aim of this review is to assess the role of HIPK2 in colon cancer and the underlying molecular pathways for a better understanding of its involvement in colon cancer carcinogenesis and response to therapies, which will likely pave the way for novel colon cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Verdina
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessia Garufi
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Valerio D’Orazi
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (A.G.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66013 Chieti, Italy
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Rahmati S, Moeinafshar A, Rezaei N. The multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in colorectal cancer: metastasis, immune suppression, therapy resistance, and autophagy crosstalk. J Transl Med 2024; 22:452. [PMID: 38741166 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells and widely distributed in all biological fluids. EVs are implicated in diverse physiopathological processes by orchestrating cell-cell communication. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with metastasis being the leading cause of mortality in CRC patients. EVs contribute significantly to the advancement and spread of CRC by transferring their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, RNAs, and DNAs, to neighboring or distant cells. Besides, they can serve as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CRC or be harnessed as effective carriers for delivering therapeutic agents. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that serves to remove damaged proteins and organelles by lysosomal degradation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy and EV release are coordinately activated in tumor cells and share common factors and regulatory mechanisms. Although the significance of autophagy and EVs in cancer is well established, the exact mechanism of their interplay in tumor development is obscure. This review focuses on examining the specific functions of EVs in various aspects of CRC, including progression, metastasis, immune regulation, and therapy resistance. Further, we overview emerging discoveries relevant to autophagy and EVs crosstalk in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Rahmati
- Student Research Committee, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Moeinafshar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Song J, Kim D, Jung J, Choi E, Lee Y, Jeong Y, Lee B, Lee S, Shim Y, Won Y, Cho H, Jang DK, Kang HW, Joo JWJ, Jang W. Elucidating immunological characteristics of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal cancer patients in South Korea using a bioinformatics approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10105. [PMID: 38698020 PMCID: PMC11066069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top five most common and life-threatening malignancies worldwide. Most CRC develops from advanced colorectal adenoma (ACA), a precancerous stage, through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. However, its underlying mechanisms, including how the tumor microenvironment changes, remain elusive. Therefore, we conducted an integrative analysis comparing RNA-seq data collected from 40 ACA patients who visited Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital with normal adjacent colons and tumor samples from 18 CRC patients collected from a public database. Differential expression analysis identified 21 and 79 sequentially up- or down-regulated genes across the continuum, respectively. The functional centrality of the continuum genes was assessed through network analysis, identifying 11 up- and 13 down-regulated hub-genes. Subsequently, we validated the prognostic effects of hub-genes using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. To estimate the immunological transition of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, single-cell deconvolution and immune repertoire analyses were conducted. Significant composition changes for innate immunity cells and decreased plasma B-cells with immunoglobulin diversity were observed, along with distinctive immunoglobulin recombination patterns. Taken together, we believe our findings suggest underlying transcriptional and immunological changes during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, contributing to the further development of pre-diagnostic markers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseung Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Daeun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Junghyun Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
- Division of AI Software Convergence, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Yubin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Yeonbin Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Byungjo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Sora Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Yujeong Shim
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Youngtae Won
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Hyeki Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, 10326, South Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Woo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, 10326, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| | - Jong Wha J Joo
- Division of AI Software Convergence, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
| | - Wonhee Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
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Abedpoor N, Taghian F, Jalali Dehkordi K, Safavi K. Sparassis latifolia and exercise training as complementary medicine mitigated the 5-fluorouracil potent side effects in mice with colorectal cancer: bioinformatics approaches, novel monitoring pathological metrics, screening signatures, and innovative management tactic. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:141. [PMID: 38637796 PMCID: PMC11027426 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prompt identification and assessment of the disease are essential for reducing the death rate associated with colorectal cancer (COL). Identifying specific causal or sensitive components, such as coding RNA (cRNA) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), may greatly aid in the early detection of colorectal cancer. METHODS For this purpose, we gave natural chemicals obtained from Sparassis latifolia (SLPs) either alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy (5-Fluorouracil to a mouse colorectal tumor model induced by AOM-DSS. The transcription profile of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their target hub genes was evaluated using qPCR Real-Time, and ELISA techniques. RESULTS MSX2, MMP7, ITIH4, and COL1A2 were identified as factors in inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to the development of COL. The hub genes listed, upstream regulatory factors such as lncRNA PVT1, NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, SNHG16, and miR-132-3p have been discovered as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis of COL. The SLPs and exercise, effectively decreased the size and quantity of tumors. CONCLUSIONS This effect may be attributed to the modulation of gene expression levels, including MSX2, MMP7, ITIH4, COL1A2, PVT1, NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, SNHG16, and miR-132-3p. Ultimately, SLPs and exercise have the capacity to be regarded as complementing and enhancing chemotherapy treatments, owing to their efficacious components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, School of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Taghian
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, School of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Khosro Jalali Dehkordi
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, School of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Safavi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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7
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Fan S, Zhou L, Zhang W, Wang D, Tang D. Role of imbalanced gut microbiota in promoting CRC metastasis: from theory to clinical application. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:232. [PMID: 38637851 PMCID: PMC11025274 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis poses a major challenge in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment and remains a primary cause of mortality among patients with CRC. Recent investigations have elucidated the involvement of disrupted gut microbiota homeostasis in various facets of CRC metastasis, exerting a pivotal influence in shaping the metastatic microenvironment, triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and so on. Moreover, therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota demonstrate promise in enhancing the efficacy of conventional treatments for metastatic CRC (mCRC), presenting novel avenues for mCRC clinical management. Grounded in the "seed and soil" hypothesis, this review consolidates insights into the mechanisms by which imbalanced gut microbiota promotes mCRC and highlights recent strides in leveraging gut microbiota modulation for the clinical prevention and treatment of mCRC. Emphasis is placed on the considerable potential of manipulating gut microbiota within clinical settings for managing mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Fan
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, 400030, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China.
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8
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An Y, Duan H. ALKBH5 modulates macrophages polarization in tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:84. [PMID: 38637813 PMCID: PMC11025218 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play an essential role in regulating ovarian cancer immune microenvironment. Studies have shown that m6A methylation could influence immune microenvironment in cancer. In this study, we investigated the roles of m6A demethylase ALKBH5 and m6A recognition protein IGF2BP2 played in regulating macrophages polarization in ovarian cancer. METHODS In this study, we first explored the differentially expressed m6A methylation enzymes in M0 and M2 macrophages according to two independent GEO datasets. TIMER2.0 and GSCA database were used to explore the immune analysis of ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2 in ovarian cancer. K-M plotter and TIMER2.0 databases were used to evaluate the prognostic role of ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2 in ovarian cancer. For CNV mutation analysis of ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2, cBioPortal and GSCA databases were used. For single-cell analysis, sc-TIME and HPA softwares were used to analyze the roles of ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2 played in immune cells in ovarian cancer. To identify the role of ALKBH5 played in macrophage polarization, RT-PCR was used to verify the macrophage polarization related markers in vitro study. The function of ALKBH5 played in ovarian cancer was further analyzed through GO and KEGG analysis. FINDINGS In this study, we found that ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2 were up-regulated in M2 macrophages, which showed closely correlation with immune cells expressions in ovarian cancer, especially with macrophages. Ovarian cancer patients with higher expression of ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2 showed worse prognosis, possibly because of their close correlation with immune response. ALKBH5 also correlated with macrophage phenotypes in single-cell levels analysis. However, the expression level of IGF2BP2 in ovarian cancer immune microenvironment was very low. The results of RT-PCR indicated the potential role of ALKBH5 in M2 polarization of macrophages. INTERPRETATION ALKBH5 participated in regulating macrophage M2 polarization in ovarian cancer immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan An
- Gynecological Mini-Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 17 Qihelou Street, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Hua Duan
- Gynecological Mini-Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 17 Qihelou Street, Beijing, 100006, China.
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9
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Radu P, Zurzu M, Tigora A, Paic V, Bratucu M, Garofil D, Surlin V, Munteanu AC, Coman IS, Popa F, Strambu V, Ramboiu S. The Impact of Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4140. [PMID: 38673727 PMCID: PMC11050141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite incessant research, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the most common causes of fatality in both men and women worldwide. Over time, advancements in medical treatments have notably enhanced the survival rates of patients with colorectal cancer. Managing metastatic CRC involves a complex tradeoff between the potential benefits and adverse effects of treatment, considering factors like disease progression, treatment toxicity, drug resistance, and the overall impact on the patient's quality of life. An increasing body of evidence highlights the significance of the cancer stem cell (CSC) concept, proposing that CSCs occupy a central role in triggering cancer. CSCs have been a focal point of extensive research in a variety of cancer types, including CRC. Colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) play a crucial role in tumor initiation, metastasis, and therapy resistance, making them potential treatment targets. Various methods exist for isolating CCSCs, and understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance associated with them is crucial. This paper offers an overview of the current body of research pertaining to the comprehension of CSCs in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru Radu
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (P.R.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (D.G.); (I.S.C.); (F.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Mihai Zurzu
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (P.R.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (D.G.); (I.S.C.); (F.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Anca Tigora
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (P.R.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (D.G.); (I.S.C.); (F.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Vlad Paic
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (P.R.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (D.G.); (I.S.C.); (F.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Mircea Bratucu
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (P.R.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (D.G.); (I.S.C.); (F.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Dragos Garofil
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (P.R.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (D.G.); (I.S.C.); (F.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeriu Surlin
- Sixth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova Emergency Clinical 7 Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania; (V.S.); (A.C.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Alexandru Claudiu Munteanu
- Sixth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova Emergency Clinical 7 Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania; (V.S.); (A.C.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Ionut Simion Coman
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (P.R.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (D.G.); (I.S.C.); (F.P.); (V.S.)
- General Surgery Department, “Bagdasar-Arseni” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 12 Berceni Road, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florian Popa
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (P.R.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (D.G.); (I.S.C.); (F.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Victor Strambu
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (P.R.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (D.G.); (I.S.C.); (F.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Sandu Ramboiu
- Sixth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova Emergency Clinical 7 Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania; (V.S.); (A.C.M.); (S.R.)
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10
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Kusumaningrum AE, Makaba S, Ali E, Singh M, Fenjan MN, Rasulova I, Misra N, Al-Musawi SG, Alsalamy A. A perspective on emerging therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer: Focusing on molecular medicine and drug resistance. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3906. [PMID: 38269502 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The majority of cancer cases are colorectal cancer, which is also the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Metastasis is the leading cause of death for patients with colorectal cancer. Metastatic colorectal cancer incidence are on the rise due to a tiny percentage of tumors developing resistant to medicines despite advances in treatment tactics. Cutting-edge targeted medications are now the go-to option for customized and all-encompassing CRC care. Specifically, multitarget kinase inhibitors, antivascular endothelial growth factors, and epidermal growth factor receptors are widely used in clinical practice for CRC-targeted treatments. Rare targets in metastatic colorectal cancer are becoming more well-known due to developments in precision diagnostics and the extensive use of second-generation sequencing technology. These targets include the KRAS mutation, the BRAF V600E mutation, the HER2 overexpression/amplification, and the MSI-H/dMMR. Incorporating certain medications into clinical trials has significantly increased patient survival rates, opening new avenues and bringing fresh viewpoints for treating metastatic colorectal cancer. These focused therapies change how cancer is treated, giving patients new hope and better results. These markers can significantly transform and individualize therapy regimens. They could open the door to precisely customized and more effective medicines, improving patient outcomes and quality of life. The fast-growing body of knowledge regarding the molecular biology of colorectal cancer and the latest developments in gene sequencing and molecular diagnostics are directly responsible for this advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarce Makaba
- Researcher and lecturer, Universitas Cenderawasih Jayapura, Jayapura, Indonesia
| | - Eyhab Ali
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Directorate of Sports and Physical Education, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Mohammed N Fenjan
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Irodakhon Rasulova
- School of Humanities, Natural & Social Sciences, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Public Health, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Neeti Misra
- Department of Management, Uttaranchal Institute of Management, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sada G Al-Musawi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
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11
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Madej M, Gola J, Chrobak E. Synthesis, Pharmacological Properties, and Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Antitumor Activity of Betulin and Its Derivatives in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2768. [PMID: 38140110 PMCID: PMC10748330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are an increasingly common type of malignancy, caused by the unhealthy lifestyles of people worldwide. Limited methods of treatment have prompted the search for new compounds with antitumor activity, in which betulin (BE) is leading the way. BE as a compound is classified as a pentacyclic triterpene of the lupane type, having three highly reactive moieties in its structure. Its mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of key components of signaling pathways associated with proliferation, migration, interleukins, and others. BE also has a number of biological properties, i.e., anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, as well as antitumor. Due to its poor bioavailability, betulin is subjected to chemical modifications, obtaining derivatives with proven enhanced pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties as a result. The method of synthesis and substituents significantly influence the effect on cells and GI cancers. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect is highly dependent on the derivative as well as the individual cell line. The aim of this study is to review the methods of synthesis of BE and its derivatives, as well as its pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms of action in colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Madej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- Silesia LabMed, Centre for Research and Implementation, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Elwira Chrobak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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12
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Rossetti M, Stanca S, Del Frate R, Bartoli F, Marciano A, Esposito E, Fantoni A, Erba AP, Lippolis PV, Faviana P. Tumor Progression from a Fibroblast Activation Protein Perspective: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Scenarios for Colorectal Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3199. [PMID: 37892020 PMCID: PMC10606275 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, the Global Cancer Observatory estimated the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) at around 10.7% coupled with a mortality rate of 9.5%. The explanation for these values lies in the tumor microenvironment consisting of the extracellular matrix and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) offers a promising target for cancer therapy since its functions contribute to tumor progression. Immunohistochemistry examination of FAP, fibronectin ED-B, and CXCR4 in primary tumors and their respective synchronous and/or metachronous metastases along with semiquantitative analysis have been carried out on histological samples of 50 patients diagnosed with metastatic CRC. The intensity of FAP, articulated by both "Intensity %" and "Intensity score", is lower in the first metastasis compared to the primary tumor with a statistically significant correlation. No significant correlations have been observed regarding fibronectin ED-B and CXCR4. Tumors that produce FAP have an ambivalent relationship with this protein. At first, they exploit FAP, but later they reduce its expressiveness. Although our study has not directly included FAP-Inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT, the considerable expression of FAP reveals its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool worthy of further investigation. This dynamic relationship between cancer and FAP has substantial diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rossetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.R.); (S.S.); (R.D.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Stefano Stanca
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.R.); (S.S.); (R.D.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Rossella Del Frate
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.R.); (S.S.); (R.D.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.); (E.E.)
| | - Andrea Marciano
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.); (E.E.)
| | - Enrica Esposito
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.); (E.E.)
| | - Alessandra Fantoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.R.); (S.S.); (R.D.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Anna Paola Erba
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca and Nuclear Medicine Unit ASST Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | | | - Pinuccia Faviana
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.R.); (S.S.); (R.D.F.); (A.F.)
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13
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Bhasin N, Dabra P, Senavirathna L, Pan S, Chen R. Inhibition of TRAP1 Accelerates the DNA Damage Response, Activation of the Heat Shock Response and Metabolic Reprogramming in Colon Cancer Cells. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:227. [PMID: 37796715 PMCID: PMC10727129 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2809227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in CRC development, progression and metastasis. Oxidative stress in the colon is a major etiological factor impacting tumor progression. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is a mitochondrial member of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) family that is involved in modulating apoptosis in colon cancer cells under oxidative stress. We undertook this study to provide mechanistic insight into the role of TRAP1 under oxidative stress in colon cells. METHODS We first assessed the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CRC gene expression dataset to evaluate the expression of TRAP1 and its association with oxidative stress and disease progression. We then treated colon HCT116 cells with hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress and with the TRAP1 inhibitor gamitrinib-triphenylphosphonium (GTPP) to inhibit TRAP1. We examined the cellular proteomic landscape using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in this context compared to controls. We further examined the impact of treatment on DNA damage and cell survival. RESULTS TRAP1 expression under oxidative stress is associated with the disease outcomes of colorectal cancer. TRAP1 inhibition under oxidative stress induced metabolic reprogramming and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-dependent transactivation. In addition, we also observed enhanced induction of DNA damage and cell death in the cells under oxidative stress and TRAP1 inhibition in comparison to single treatments and the nontreatment control. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into TRAP1-driven metabolic reprogramming in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobel Bhasin
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Prerna Dabra
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lakmini Senavirathna
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sheng Pan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ru Chen
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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14
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Cornista AM, Giolito MV, Baker K, Hazime H, Dufait I, Datta J, Khumukcham SS, De Ridder M, Roper J, Abreu MT, Breckpot K, Van der Jeught K. Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: State of the Art and Future Directions. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2023; 2:1103-1119. [PMID: 38098742 PMCID: PMC10721132 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become an indispensable mode of treatment for a multitude of solid tumor cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been one of the many cancer types to benefit from immunotherapy, especially in advanced disease where standard treatment fails to prevent recurrence or results in poor survival. The efficacy of immunotherapy in CRC has not been without challenge, as early clinical trials observed dismal responses in unselected CRC patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors. Many studies and clinical trials have since refined immunotherapies available for CRC, solidifying immunotherapy as a powerful asset for CRC treatment. This review article examines CRC immunotherapies, from their foundation, through emerging avenues for improvement, to future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Mauri Cornista
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria Virginia Giolito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristi Baker
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hajar Hazime
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Inès Dufait
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jashodeep Datta
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Saratchandra Singh Khumukcham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Van der Jeught
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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15
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Shakhpazyan N, Mikhaleva L, Bedzhanyan A, Gioeva Z, Sadykhov N, Mikhalev A, Atiakshin D, Buchwalow I, Tiemann M, Orekhov A. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of the Tumor Stroma in Colorectal Cancer: Insights into Disease Progression and Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2361. [PMID: 37760801 PMCID: PMC10525158 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden worldwide and is the third most common type of cancer. The early detection and diagnosis of CRC is critical to improve patient outcomes. This review explores the intricate interplay between the tumor microenvironment, stromal interactions, and the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. The review begins by assessing the gut microbiome's influence on CRC development, emphasizing its association with gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The role of the Wnt signaling pathway in CRC tumor stroma is scrutinized, elucidating its impact on disease progression. Tumor budding, its effect on tumor stroma, and the implications for patient prognosis are investigated. The review also identifies conserved oncogenic signatures (COS) within CRC stroma and explores their potential as therapeutic targets. Lastly, the seed and soil hypothesis is employed to contextualize metastasis, accentuating the significance of both tumor cells and the surrounding stroma in metastatic propensity. This review highlights the intricate interdependence between CRC cells and their microenvironment, providing valuable insights into prospective therapeutic approaches targeting tumor-stroma interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Shakhpazyan
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.); (L.M.); (Z.G.); (N.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Liudmila Mikhaleva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.); (L.M.); (Z.G.); (N.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Arkady Bedzhanyan
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Oncology II (Coloproctology and Uro-Gynecology), Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Zarina Gioeva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.); (L.M.); (Z.G.); (N.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Nikolay Sadykhov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.); (L.M.); (Z.G.); (N.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Alexander Mikhalev
- Department of Hospital Surgery No. 2, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitri Atiakshin
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Igor Buchwalow
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Hematopathology, 22547 Hamburg, Germany;
| | | | - Alexander Orekhov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.); (L.M.); (Z.G.); (N.S.); (A.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121096 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Shang W, Gottlieb S, Yao Y. Targeting the ECM component HA: a new route for mCRC treatment. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1944-1946. [PMID: 36971994 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Shang
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, USA.
| | - Simone Gottlieb
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Yikun Yao
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, USA.
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17
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Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment by Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Impact in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065069. [PMID: 36982144 PMCID: PMC10048801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding new therapeutic approaches towards colorectal cancer (CRC) is of increased relevance, as CRC is one of the most common cancers worldwide. CRC standard therapy includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which may be used alone or in combination. The reported side effects and acquired resistance associated with these strategies lead to an increasing need to search for new therapies with better efficacy and less toxicity. Several studies have demonstrated the antitumorigenic properties of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The tumor microenvironment is composed by non-cellular components, microbiota, and a great diversity of cells, such as immune cells. The influence of SCFAs on the different constituents of the tumor microenvironment is an important issue that should be taken into consideration, and to the best of our knowledge there is a lack of reviews on this subject. The tumor microenvironment is not only closely related to the growth and development of CRC but also affects the treatment and prognosis of the patients. Immunotherapy has emerged as a new hope, but, in CRC, it was found that only a small percentage of patients benefit from this treatment being closely dependent on the genetic background of the tumors. The aim of this review was to perform an up-to-date critical literature review on current knowledge regarding the effects of microbiota-derived SCFAs in the tumor microenvironment, particularly in the context of CRC and its impact in CRC therapeutic strategies. SCFAs, namely acetate, butyrate, and propionate, have the ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment in distinct ways. SCFAs promote immune cell differentiation, downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, and restrict the tumor-induced angiogenesis. SCFAs also sustain the integrity of basement membranes and modulate the intestinal pH. CRC patients have lower concentrations of SCFAs than healthy individuals. Increasing the production of SCFAs through the manipulation of the gut microbiota could constitute an important therapeutic strategy towards CRC due to their antitumorigenic effect and ability of modulating tumor microenvironment.
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18
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A Group of Tumor-Suppressive micro-RNAs Changes Expression Coordinately in Colon Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:975-989. [PMID: 36826008 PMCID: PMC9955927 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are molecules with a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of messenger RNA, being involved in a wide range of biological and pathological processes. In the present study, we aim to characterize the behavior of a few miRNAs with roles in the cell cycle and differentiation of colon cancer (CC) cells. The present work considers miRNAs as reflections of the complex cellular processes in which they are generated, their observed variations being used to characterize the molecular networks in which they are part and through which cell proliferation is achieved. Tumoral and adjacent normal tissue samples were obtained from 40 CC patients, and the expression of miR-29a, miR-146a, miR-215 and miR-449 were determined by qRT-PCR analysis. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis was performed to highlight the transcription factors (TFs) network that regulate the miRNAs and functionally characterizes this network. There was a significant decrease in the expression of all miRNAs in tumor tissue. All miRNAs were positively correlated with each other. The analysis of the TF network showed tightly connected functional modules related to the cell cycle and associated processes. The four miRNAs are downregulated in CC; they are strongly correlated, showing coherence within the cellular network that regulates them and highlighting possible approach strategies.
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19
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Molecular Subtypes Based on Cuproptosis-Related Genes and Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration Characterization in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5034092. [PMID: 36276275 PMCID: PMC9579866 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5034092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the biological significance of cuproptosis modification, a newly discovered programmed cell death, in tumor progression. Nonetheless, the potential role of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in the immune landscape and tumor microenvironment (TME) formation of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. We comprehensively assessed cuproptosis modification patterns of 1339 CRC samples based on 27 CRGs and systematically analyzed the correlation of these patterns with TME. The CRG-score was constructed to quantify cuproptosis characteristics by LASSO and multivariate Cox regression methods, and its predictive capability was validated in an independent cohort. We identified three distinct cuproptosis modification patterns in CRC. The TME immune cell infiltration demonstrated immune heterogeneity among these three subtypes. Enrichment for multiple metabolism signatures was pronounced in cluster A. Cluster C was significantly correlated with the signaling pathways of immune activation-related, resulting in poor prognoses. Cluster B with mixed features possibly represents a transition phenotype or intratumoral heterogeneity. Then, based on constructed eight-gene CRG-score, we found that the signature could predict the disease-free survival of CRC patients, and the low CRG-score was related to increased neoantigen load, immunity activation, and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). Additionally, we observed significant correlations of the CRG-score with the cancer stem cell index and chemotherapeutic drug susceptibility. This study demonstrated that cuproptosis was correlated with tumor progression, prognosis, and TME. Our findings may improve the understanding of CRGs in TME infiltration characterization of CRC patients and contribute to guiding more effective clinical therapeutic strategies.
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20
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Yoon K, Kim KG, Chung JW, Lee WS. Clip-Detector Using a Neodymium Magnet to Locate Malignant Tumors during Laparoscopic Surgery. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5404. [PMID: 35891084 PMCID: PMC9319524 DOI: 10.3390/s22145404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During laparoscopic surgery for colorectal or gastric cancers, locating the tumor for excision is difficult owing to it being obscured by mucous membranes. Therefore, a clip can be installed around the tumor, which can be located using a sensor. Most of the clip-detectors developed thus far can only detect tumors in either the colon or stomach and require a wire to connect the clip and detector. This study designs a clip and detector that can locate a tumor in the stomach and colon. The clip contains a neodymium magnet that generates a magnetic field, and the detector includes a Colpitts oscillator that allows magnetic coupling of the clip and detector. After installing the prepared clip at the tumor location, the detector is used to locate the clip. To test the clip and detector, we conducted animal experiments, during which four clips were installed in the colon and stomach of a mini pig. We succeeded in locating the clips within 2.17 and 3.14 s in the stomach and colon, respectively, which were shorter than the detection times reported in previous studies. The demand for laparoscopic surgery and endoscopes is predicted to increase owing to this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kicheol Yoon
- Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Kwang Gi Kim
- Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center & College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- CAIMI Co., Ltd., #206 Building of Incheon Startup Park, 204 Convensia-daero (Songdo-dong), Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22004, Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center & College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
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21
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Novoa Díaz MB, Martín MJ, Gentili C. Tumor microenvironment involvement in colorectal cancer progression via Wnt/β-catenin pathway: Providing understanding of the complex mechanisms of chemoresistance. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3027-3046. [PMID: 36051330 PMCID: PMC9331520 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the main causes of death from cancer because patients progress unfavorably due to resistance to current therapies. Dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a fundamental role in the genesis and progression of several types of cancer, including CRC. In many subtypes of CRC, hyperactivation of the β-catenin pathway is associated with mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. However, it can also be associated with other causes. In recent years, studies of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have demonstrated its importance in the development and progression of CRC. In this tumor nest, several cell types, structures, and biomolecules interact with neoplastic cells to pave the way for the spread of the disease. Cross-communications between tumor cells and the TME are then established primarily through paracrine factors, which trigger the activation of numerous signaling pathways. Crucial advances in the field of oncology have been made in the last decade. This Minireview aims to actualize what is known about the central role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CRC chemoresistance and aggressiveness, focusing on cross-communication between CRC cells and the TME. Through this analysis, our main objective was to increase the understanding of this complex disease considering a more global context. Since many treatments for advanced CRC fail due to mechanisms involving chemoresistance, the data here exposed and analyzed are of great interest for the development of novel and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - María Julia Martín
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
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22
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The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma—Recent Findings and Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071670. [PMID: 35884974 PMCID: PMC9312930 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a significant role in the development of colon cancer (CRC). Intestinal cytokine networks are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation but also impact carcinogenesis at all stages of the disease. Recent studies suggest that inflammation is of greater importance in the serrated pathway than in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. Interleukins have gained the most attention due to their potential role in CRC pathogenesis and promising results of clinical trials. Malignant transformation is associated with the pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokines. The harmony between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors is crucial to maintaining homeostasis. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate immune sensitivity and facilitate cancer escape from immune surveillance. Therefore, clarifying the role of underlying cytokine pathways and the effects of their modulation may be an important step to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
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