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Khan AU, Radtke J, DeWerd L. Characterization of a segmented printed circuit board (PCB) as a standard for absorbed dose to water from alpha-emitting radionuclides. Med Phys 2024; 51:3665-3676. [PMID: 38194496 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous work introduced and evaluated a standard for surface absorbed dose rate per unit radioactivity to water from unsealed alpha-emitting radionuclides used in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). An overall uncertainty over 4.0% at k = 1 was reported for the absorbed dose to air measurements, which was partially attributed to the rotational alignment uncertainty in the geometrical setup. PURPOSE A printed circuit board (PCB) with a segmented guard was constructed to align the extrapolation chamber (EC) and the source plates using a differential capacitance technique. The PCB EC aimed to enhance the repeatability of the ionization current measurements. The PCB EC was evaluated using a thin film 210Po source. The measured absorbed dose to air cavity was compared with the Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. Using the extrapolation method, the surface absorbed dose rate to water was calculated. METHODS The PCB EC was constructed with a 4.50 mm diameter collector surrounded by four sectors and a guard electrode. The sectors were isolated for rotational alignment and later connected to the guard for ionization current measurements. A bridge circuit measured differential capacitance between opposing sectors, and a hexapod motion stage rotated the source substrate to minimize the differential capacitance. The EC was evaluated using a 210Po source with a 3.20 mm diameter and 1.253 μ $\mu $ Ci radioactivity. MC simulations were performed to calculate thek p o i n t ${k}_{point}$ ,k b a c k s c a t t e r ${k}_{backscatter}$ , andk d i v ${k}_{div}$ correction factors. Ionization current measurements were performed for air gaps in the 0.3-0.525 mm range and surface absorbed dose rate to water was calculated. RESULTS Rotational offsets of up to 3.0° were found and the current repeatability was found to increase with the absorbed dose to air uncertainty calculated to be ∼2.0%. Using the capacitance method, the effective EC diameter was measured to be 4.53 mm. The recombination, polarity, and electrometer corrections were reported to be within 1.00% across all measurement trials. The MC-calculated correction factors were calculated to be much larger than the recombination and polarity correction factors. The averagek p o i n t ${k}_{point}$ ,k b a c k s c a t t e r ${k}_{backscatter}$ , andk d i v ${k}_{div}$ corrections were calculated to be 1.063, 0.9402, and 2.136, respectively. The MC-calculated absorbed dose to air was found to overestimate the absorbed dose by over 4.00% when compared with the measured absorbed dose to air. The surface absorbed dose rate to water was calculated to be2.304 × 10 - 6 $2.304 \times {10}^{ - 6}$ Gy/s/Bq with an overall uncertainty of 4.07%. CONCLUSIONS The constructed PCB EC was deemed suitable as an absorbed dose standard. A repeatable rotational alignment was achieved using the differential capacitance technique. The metal electrodes on the PCB made a difference of < 1.00% on the backscatter correction when compared to the EC comprised of polystyrene-equivalent collector. A 20% difference in the surface absorbed dose rate to water was found between the two ECs, which is attributed to the cavity diameter differences leading to different magnitudes of dose fall-off along the lateral direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahtesham Ullah Khan
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeff Radtke
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Larry DeWerd
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Akhmetova DR, Mitusova KA, Postovalova AS, Ivkina AS, Muslimov AR, Zyuzin MV, Shipilovskikh SA, Timin AS. Size-dependent therapeutic efficiency of 223Ra-labeled calcium carbonate carriers for internal radionuclide therapy of breast cancer. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:453-467. [PMID: 38059526 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The size of drug carriers strongly affects their biodistribution, tissue penetration, and cellular uptake in vivo. As a result, when such carriers are loaded with therapeutic compounds, their size can influence the treatment outcomes. For internal α-radionuclide therapy, the carrier size is particularly important, because short-range α-emitters should be delivered to tumor volumes at a high dose rate without any side effects, i.e. off-target irradiation and toxicity. In this work, we aim to evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficiency of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microparticles (MPs, >2 μm) and nanoparticles (NPs, <100 nm) labeled with radium-223 (223Ra) for internal α-radionuclide therapy against 4T1 breast cancer. To do this, we comprehensively study the internalization and penetration efficiency of these MPs and NPs, using 2D and 3D cell cultures. For further therapeutic tests, we develop and modify a chelator-free method for radiolabeling of CaCO3 MPs and NPs with 223Ra, improving their radiolabeling efficiency (>97%) and radiochemical stability (>97%). After intratumoral injection of 223Ra-labeled MPs and NPs, we demonstrate their different therapeutic efficiencies against a 4T1 tumor. In particular, 223Ra-labeled NPs show a tumor inhibition of approximately 85%, which is higher compared to 60% for 223Ra-labeled MPs. As a result, we can conclude that 223Ra-labeled NPs have a more suitable biodistribution within 4T1 tumors compared to 223Ra-labeled MPs. Thus, our study reveals that 223Ra-labeled CaCO3 NPs are highly promising for internal α-radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya R Akhmetova
- ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation.
- Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya A Mitusova
- ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation.
- Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Alisa S Postovalova
- ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation.
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, Leningradskaya 70, St. Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation
| | - Arina S Ivkina
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical University, Professora Popova street 14, St. Petersburg 197376, Russian Federation
| | - Albert R Muslimov
- Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
- Scientific Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave 1, Sirius 354340, Russian Federation
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova 2, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, L'va Tolstogo 6-8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Alexander S Timin
- ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation.
- Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
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Thorgersen EB, Asvall J, Schjalm C, McAdam KE, Bruland ØS, Larsen SG, Mollnes TE. Effect of Intraperitoneal 224Radium-Labelled Microparticles on Compartmentalized Inflammation After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hypertherm Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231192902. [PMID: 37574949 PMCID: PMC10426314 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231192902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive treatment with surgery and chemotherapy many patients with peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer experience intraperitoneal disease relapse. The α-emitting 224radium-labelled microparticle radionuclide therapeutic Radspherin® is being explored as a novel treatment option for these patients. Radspherin® is specially designed to give local radiation to the surface of the peritoneal cavity and potentially kill remaining attached micrometastases as well as free-floating cancer cells, thus preventing future relapse. The effect of Radspherin® on the immune system is not known. Systemic and local inflammatory responses were analyzed in plasma, intraperitoneal fluid and urine collected prospectively as part of a phase 1 dose-escalation study of intraperitoneal instillation of the α-emitting therapeutic radiopharmaceutical Radspherin®, at baseline and the first 7 postoperative days from nine patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. All patients additionally received intraperitoneal instillation of Radspherin® on postoperative day 2. Complement activation products C3bc and the terminal complement complex were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokines (n = 27), including interleukins, chemokines, interferons and growth factors, were analyzed using multiplex technique. The time course and magnitude of the postoperative cytokine response after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy displayed a modest systemic response in plasma, in contrast to a substantial local intraperitoneal response. After administration of Radspherin®, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in TNF and MIP-1β was observed in both plasma and peritoneal fluid, whereas IL-9 increased only in plasma and IFNγ and IL1-RA only in peritoneal fluid. Only minor changes were seen for the majority of the inflammatory markers after Radspherin® administration. Our study showed a predominately local rather than systemic inflammatory response to cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Radspherin® had overall modest impact on the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebbe Billmann Thorgersen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, The Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørund Asvall
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Schjalm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin Ekholt McAdam
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Sverre Bruland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Gunnar Larsen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, The Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
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