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Listeria monocytogenes Cold Shock Proteins: Small Proteins with A Huge Impact. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051061. [PMID: 34068949 PMCID: PMC8155936 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has evolved an extensive array of mechanisms for coping with stress and adapting to changing environmental conditions, ensuring its virulence phenotype expression. For this reason, L. monocytogenes has been identified as a significant food safety and public health concern. Among these adaptation systems are cold shock proteins (Csps), which facilitate rapid response to stress exposure. L. monocytogenes has three highly conserved csp genes, namely, cspA, cspB, and cspD. Using a series of csp deletion mutants, it has been shown that L. monocytogenes Csps are important for biofilm formation, motility, cold, osmotic, desiccation, and oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, they are involved in overall virulence by impacting the expression of virulence-associated phenotypes, such as hemolysis and cell invasion. It is postulated that during stress exposure, Csps function to counteract harmful effects of stress, thereby preserving cell functions, such as DNA replication, transcription and translation, ensuring survival and growth of the cell. Interestingly, it seems that Csps might suppress tolerance to some stresses as their removal resulted in increased tolerance to stresses, such as desiccation for some strains. Differences in csp roles among strains from different genetic backgrounds are apparent for desiccation tolerance and biofilm production. Additionally, hierarchical trends for the different Csps and functional redundancies were observed on their influences on stress tolerance and virulence. Overall current data suggest that Csps have a wider role in bacteria physiology than previously assumed.
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Staerck C, Wasselin V, Budin-Verneuil A, Rincé I, Cacaci M, Weigel M, Giraud C, Hain T, Hartke A, Riboulet-Bisson E. Analysis of glycerol and dihydroxyacetone metabolism in Enterococcus faecium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6232157. [PMID: 33864460 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol (Gly) can be dissimilated by two pathways in bacteria. Either this sugar alcohol is first oxidized to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and then phosphorylated or it is first phosphorylated to glycerol-3-phosphate (GlyP) followed by oxidation. Oxidation of GlyP can be achieved by NAD-dependent dehydrogenases or by a GlyP oxidase. In both cases, dihydroxyacetone phosphate is the product. Genomic analysis showed that Enterococcus faecium harbors numerous genes annotated to encode activities for the two pathways. However, our physiological analyses of growth on glycerol showed that dissimilation is limited to aerobic conditions and that despite the presence of genes encoding presumed GlyP dehydrogenases, the GlyP oxidase is essential in this process. Although E. faecium contains an operon encoding the phosphotransfer protein DhaM and DHA kinase, which are required for DHA phosphorylation, it is unable to grow on DHA. This operon is highly expressed in stationary phase but its physiological role remains unknown. Finally, data obtained from sequencing of a transposon mutant bank of E. faecium grown on BHI revealed that the GlyP dehydrogenases and a major intrinsic family protein have important but hitherto unknown physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Staerck
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN U2RM-Stress and Virulence, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Valentin Wasselin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN U2RM-Stress and Virulence, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Aurélie Budin-Verneuil
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN U2RM-Stress and Virulence, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Rincé
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN U2RM-Stress and Virulence, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Margherita Cacaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Markus Weigel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Biomedical Research Facility Seltersberg (BFS), Schubertstrasse 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Caroline Giraud
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN U2RM-Stress and Virulence, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Biomedical Research Facility Seltersberg (BFS), Schubertstrasse 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Schubertstrasse 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Axel Hartke
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN U2RM-Stress and Virulence, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
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Cold-shock proteins affect desiccation tolerance, biofilm formation and motility in Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 329:108662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Twining CW, Taipale SJ, Ruess L, Bec A, Martin-Creuzburg D, Kainz MJ. Stable isotopes of fatty acids: current and future perspectives for advancing trophic ecology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190641. [PMID: 32536315 PMCID: PMC7333957 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand consumer dietary requirements and resource use across ecosystems, researchers have employed a variety of methods, including bulk stable isotope and fatty acid composition analyses. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acids combines both of these tools into an even more powerful method with the capacity to broaden our understanding of food web ecology and nutritional dynamics. Here, we provide an overview of the potential that CSIA studies hold and their constraints. We first review the use of fatty acid CSIA in ecology at the natural abundance level as well as enriched physiological tracers, and highlight the unique insights that CSIA of fatty acids can provide. Next, we evaluate methodological best practices when generating and interpreting CSIA data. We then introduce three cutting-edge methods: hydrogen CSIA of fatty acids, and fatty acid isotopomer and isotopologue analyses, which are not yet widely used in ecological studies, but hold the potential to address some of the limitations of current techniques. Finally, we address future priorities in the field of CSIA including: generating more data across a wider range of taxa; lowering costs and increasing laboratory availability; working across disciplinary and methodological boundaries; and combining approaches to answer macroevolutionary questions. This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia W. Twining
- Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Sami J. Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Liliane Ruess
- Institute of Biology, Ecology Group, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandre Bec
- University Clermont Auvergne, 63178 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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5
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Diauxie and co-utilization of carbon sources can coexist during bacterial growth in nutritionally complex environments. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3135. [PMID: 32561713 PMCID: PMC7305145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly thought that when multiple carbon sources are available, bacteria metabolize them either sequentially (diauxic growth) or simultaneously (co-utilization). However, this view is mainly based on analyses in relatively simple laboratory settings. Here we show that a heterotrophic marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, can use both strategies simultaneously when multiple possible nutrients are provided in the same growth experiment. The order of nutrient uptake is partially determined by the biomass yield that can be achieved when the same compounds are provided as single carbon sources. Using transcriptomics and time-resolved intracellular 1H-13C NMR, we reveal specific pathways for utilization of various amino acids. Finally, theoretical modelling indicates that this metabolic phenotype, combining diauxie and co-utilization of substrates, is compatible with a tight regulation that allows the modulation of assimilatory pathways. It is thought that when multiple carbon sources are available, bacteria metabolize them either sequentially or simultaneously. Here, the authors show that a marine bacterium can use a mixed strategy when multiple possible nutrients are provided, and analyse the metabolic pathways involved.
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Gan L, Mao P, Jiang H, Zhang L, Liu D, Cao X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Sun H, Huang Y, Ye C. Two Prevalent Listeria ivanovii subsp . ivanovii Clonal Strains With Different Virulence Exist in Wild Rodents and Pikas of China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:88. [PMID: 32161763 PMCID: PMC7054220 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria ivanovii subsp. ivanovii is an intracellular bacterium distributed widely in nature, causing the listeriosis in ruminants and humans. Previous researches had isolated 116 strains of L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii from wild rodents and pikas of different regions in China, and the predominant sequence types were ST1 and ST2. In this study, we first investigated the biological characteristics and virulence of these two clonal strains including motility, metabolism and virulence in cells and mouse model. The results demonstrated the ST1 strains exhibited motility, wide metabolic activity and hypervirulence, whereas the ST2 strains showed non-motility, relative lower metabolic activity and virulence. Considering the transmissible ability from wild rodents and pikas to ecological environment, the L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii with potential pathogenicity to humans and ruminants should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Huaying Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Cao
- Beijing Changping Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Bacterial metabolism represents the biochemical space that bacteria can manipulate to produce energy, reducing equivalents and building blocks for replication. Gram-positive pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, show remarkable flexibility, which allows for exploitation of diverse biological niches from the soil to the intracytosolic space. Although the human host represents a potentially rich source for nutrient acquisition, competition for nutrients with the host and hostile host defenses can constrain bacterial metabolism by various mechanisms, including nutrient sequestration. Here, we review metabolism in the model Gram-positive bacterium, L. monocytogenes, and highlight pathways that enable the replication, survival, and virulence of this bacterial pathogen.
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Bossel Ben-Moshe N, Hen-Avivi S, Levitin N, Yehezkel D, Oosting M, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Avraham R. Predicting bacterial infection outcomes using single cell RNA-sequencing analysis of human immune cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3266. [PMID: 31332193 PMCID: PMC6646406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between different host immune cell types can determine the outcome of pathogen infections. Advances in single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) allow probing of these immune interactions, such as cell-type compositions, which are then interpreted by deconvolution algorithms using bulk RNA-seq measurements. However, not all aspects of immune surveillance are represented by current algorithms. Here, using scRNA-seq of human peripheral blood cells infected with Salmonella, we develop a deconvolution algorithm for inferring cell-type specific infection responses from bulk measurements. We apply our dynamic deconvolution algorithm to a cohort of healthy individuals challenged ex vivo with Salmonella, and to three cohorts of tuberculosis patients during different stages of disease. We reveal cell-type specific immune responses associated not only with ex vivo infection phenotype but also with clinical disease stage. We propose that our approach provides a predictive power to identify risk for disease, and human infection outcomes. Complex interactions between different host immune cell types can determine the outcome of pathogen infections. Here, Avraham and colleagues present a deconvolution algorithm that uses single-cell RNA and bulk RNA sequencing measurements of pathogen-infected cells to predict disease risk outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Bossel Ben-Moshe
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shelly Hen-Avivi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Natalia Levitin
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dror Yehezkel
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marije Oosting
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Roi Avraham
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
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Van TTH, Lacey JA, Vezina B, Phung C, Anwar A, Scott PC, Moore RJ. Survival Mechanisms of Campylobacter hepaticus Identified by Genomic Analysis and Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of in vivo and in vitro Derived Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:107. [PMID: 30804905 PMCID: PMC6371046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickens infected with Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli are largely asymptomatic, however, infection with the closely related species, Campylobacter hepaticus, can result in Spotty Liver Disease (SLD). C. hepaticus has been detected in the liver, bile, small intestine and caecum of SLD affected chickens. The survival and colonization mechanisms that C. hepaticus uses to colonize chickens remain unknown. In this study, we compared the genome sequences of 14 newly sequenced Australian isolates of C. hepaticus, isolates from outbreaks in the United Kingdom, and reference strains of C. jejuni and C. coli, with the aim of identifying virulence genes associated with SLD. We also carried out global comparative transcriptomic analysis between C. hepaticus recovered from the bile of SLD infected chickens and C. hepaticus grown in vitro. This revealed how the bacteria adapt to proliferate in the challenging host environment in which they are found. Additionally, biochemical experiments confirmed some in silico metabolic predictions. We found that, unlike other Campylobacter sp., C. hepaticus encodes glucose and polyhydroxybutyrate metabolism pathways. This study demonstrated the metabolic plasticity of C. hepaticus, which may contribute to survival in the competitive, nutrient and energy-limited environment of the chicken. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that gene clusters associated with glucose utilization, stress response, hydrogen metabolism, and sialic acid modification may play an important role in the pathogenicity of C. hepaticus. An understanding of the survival and virulence mechanisms that C. hepaticus uses will help to direct the development of effective intervention methods to protect birds from the debilitating effects of SLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jake A Lacey
- Doherty Department, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Vezina
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Canh Phung
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Arif Anwar
- Scolexia Pty Ltd., Moonee Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Robert J Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Koomen J, den Besten HM, Metselaar KI, Tempelaars MH, Wijnands LM, Zwietering MH, Abee T. Gene profiling-based phenotyping for identification of cellular parameters that contribute to fitness, stress-tolerance and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes variants. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 283:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Schardt J, Jones G, Müller-Herbst S, Schauer K, D'Orazio SEF, Fuchs TM. Comparison between Listeria sensu stricto and Listeria sensu lato strains identifies novel determinants involved in infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17821. [PMID: 29259308 PMCID: PMC5736727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen L. monocytogenes and the animal pathogen L. ivanovii, together with four other species isolated from symptom-free animals, form the “Listeria sensu stricto” clade. The members of the second clade, “Listeria sensu lato”, are believed to be solely environmental bacteria without the ability to colonize mammalian hosts. To identify novel determinants that contribute to infection by L. monocytogenes, the causative agent of the foodborne disease listeriosis, we performed a genome comparison of the two clades and found 151 candidate genes that are conserved in the Listeria sensu stricto species. Two factors were investigated further in vitro and in vivo. A mutant lacking an ATP-binding cassette transporter exhibited defective adhesion and invasion of human Caco-2 cells. Using a mouse model of foodborne L. monocytogenes infection, a reduced number of the mutant strain compared to the parental strain was observed in the small intestine and the liver. Another mutant with a defective 1,2-propanediol degradation pathway showed reduced persistence in the stool of infected mice, suggesting a role of 1,2-propanediol as a carbon and energy source of listeriae during infection. These findings reveal the relevance of novel factors for the colonization process of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Schardt
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, and Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Grant Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stefanie Müller-Herbst
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, and Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kristina Schauer
- Lehrstuhl für Hygiene und Technologie der Milch, Tiermedizinische Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schönleutner Str. 8, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Sarah E F D'Orazio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Thilo M Fuchs
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, and Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany. .,Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Molekulare Pathogenese, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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12
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Abstract
Upon entry into the host cell cytosol, the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes coordinates the expression of numerous essential virulence factors by allosteric binding of glutathione (GSH) to the Crp-Fnr family transcriptional regulator PrfA. Here, we report that robust virulence gene expression can be recapitulated by growing bacteria in a synthetic medium containing GSH or other chemical reducing agents. Bacteria grown under these conditions were 45-fold more virulent in an acute murine infection model and conferred greater immunity to a subsequent lethal challenge than bacteria grown in conventional media. During cultivation in vitro, PrfA activation was completely dependent on the intracellular levels of GSH, as a glutathione synthase mutant (ΔgshF) was activated by exogenous GSH but not reducing agents. PrfA activation was repressed in a synthetic medium supplemented with oligopeptides, but the repression was relieved by stimulation of the stringent response. These data suggest that cytosolic L. monocytogenes interprets a combination of metabolic and redox cues as a signal to initiate robust virulence gene expression in vivo. Intracellular pathogens are responsible for much of the worldwide morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. These pathogens have evolved various strategies to proliferate within individual cells of the host and avoid the host immune response. Through cellular invasion or the use of specialized secretion machinery, all intracellular pathogens must access the host cell cytosol to establish their replicative niches. Determining how these pathogens sense and respond to the intracellular compartment to establish a successful infection is critical to our basic understanding of the pathogenesis of each organism and for the rational design of therapeutic interventions. Listeria monocytogenes is a model intracellular pathogen with robust in vitro and in vivo infection models. Studies of the host-sensing and downstream signaling mechanisms evolved by L. monocytogenes often describe themes of pathogenesis that are broadly applicable to less tractable pathogens. Here, we describe how bacteria use external redox states as a cue to activate virulence.
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13
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Chen GY, Pensinger DA, Sauer JD. Listeria monocytogenes cytosolic metabolism promotes replication, survival, and evasion of innate immunity. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19:10.1111/cmi.12762. [PMID: 28656691 PMCID: PMC5587384 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, is an intracellular pathogen that is exquisitely evolved to survive and replicate in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells typically restrict bacteria from colonising the cytosol, likely through a combination of cell autonomous defences, nutritional immunity, and innate immune responses including induction of programmed cell death. This suggests that L. monocytogenes and other professional cytosolic pathogens possess unique metabolic adaptations, not only to support replication but also to facilitate resistance to host-derived stresses/defences and avoidance of innate immune activation. In this review, we outline our current understanding of L. monocytogenes metabolism in the host cytosol and highlight major metabolic processes which promote intracellular replication and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grischa Y. Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Daniel A. Pensinger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - John-Demian Sauer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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14
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Petrovska L, Tang Y, Jansen van Rensburg MJ, Cawthraw S, Nunez J, Sheppard SK, Ellis RJ, Whatmore AM, Crawshaw TR, Irvine RM. Genome Reduction for Niche Association in Campylobacter Hepaticus, A Cause of Spotty Liver Disease in Poultry. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:354. [PMID: 28848714 PMCID: PMC5554493 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “spotty liver disease” (SLD) has been used since the late 1990s for a condition seen in the UK and Australia that primarily affects free range laying hens around peak lay, causing acute mortality and a fall in egg production. A novel thermophilic SLD-associated Campylobacter was reported in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2015. Subsequently, similar isolates occurring in Australia were formally described as a new species, Campylobacter hepaticus. We describe the comparative genomics of 10 C. hepaticus isolates recovered from 5 geographically distinct poultry holdings in the UK between 2010 and 2012. Hierarchical gene-by-gene analyses of the study isolates and representatives of 24 known Campylobacter species indicated that C. hepaticus is most closely related to the major pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. We observed low levels of within-farm variation, even between isolates collected over almost 3 years. With respect to C. hepaticus genome features, we noted that the study isolates had a ~140 Kb reduction in genome size, ~144 fewer genes, and a lower GC content compared to C. jejuni. The most notable reduction was in the subsystem containing genes for iron acquisition and metabolism, supported by reduced growth of C. hepaticus in an iron depletion assay. Genome reduction is common among many pathogens and in C. hepaticus has likely been driven at least in part by specialization following the occupation of a new niche, the chicken liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liljana Petrovska
- Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency WeybridgeAddlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Tang
- Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency WeybridgeAddlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa J Jansen van Rensburg
- Department of Zoology, University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Cawthraw
- Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency WeybridgeAddlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Nunez
- Veterinary Surveillance, Animal and Plant Health Agency WeybridgeAddlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of BathBath, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Ellis
- Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency WeybridgeAddlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian M Whatmore
- Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency WeybridgeAddlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Tim R Crawshaw
- Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency WeybridgeAddlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Irvine
- Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency WeybridgeAddlestone, United Kingdom
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15
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Metabolic Adaptations of Intracellullar Bacterial Pathogens and their Mammalian Host Cells during Infection ("Pathometabolism"). Microbiol Spectr 2016; 3. [PMID: 26185075 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mbp-0002-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several bacterial pathogens that cause severe infections in warm-blooded animals, including humans, have the potential to actively invade host cells and to efficiently replicate either in the cytosol or in specialized vacuoles of the mammalian cells. The interaction between these intracellular bacterial pathogens and the host cells always leads to multiple physiological changes in both interacting partners, including complex metabolic adaptation reactions aimed to promote proliferation of the pathogen within different compartments of the host cells. In this chapter, we discuss the necessary nutrients and metabolic pathways used by some selected cytosolic and vacuolar intracellular pathogens and--when available--the links between the intracellular bacterial metabolism and the expression of the virulence genes required for the intracellular bacterial replication cycle. Furthermore, we address the growing evidence that pathogen-specific factors may also trigger metabolic responses of the infected mammalian cells affecting the carbon and nitrogen metabolism as well as defense reactions. We also point out that many studies on the metabolic host cell responses induced by the pathogens have to be scrutinized due to the use of established cell lines as model host cells, as these cells are (in the majority) cancer cells that exhibit a dysregulated primary carbon metabolism. As the exact knowledge of the metabolic host cell responses may also provide new concepts for antibacterial therapies, there is undoubtedly an urgent need for host cell models that more closely reflect the in vivo infection conditions.
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16
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Kern T, Kutzner E, Eisenreich W, Fuchs TM. Pathogen-nematode interaction: Nitrogen supply of Listeria monocytogenes during growth in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:20-29. [PMID: 26478569 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultatively intracellular human pathogen. Due to its saprophytic lifestyle, L. monocytogenes is assumed to infect and proliferate within soil organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans. However, little is known about the nutrient usages and metabolite fluxes in this bacterium-nematode interaction. Here, we established a nematode colonization model for L. monocytogenes and a method for the efficient separation of the pathogen from the nematodal gut. Following (15)N labelling of C. elegans and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based (15)N isotopologue analysis, we detected a high basal metabolic rate of the nematode, and observed a significant metabolic flux from nitrogenous compounds of the nematode to listerial proteins during proliferation of the pathogen in the worm's intestine. For comparison, we also measured the N fluxes from the gut content into listerial proteins using completely (15)N-labelled Escherichia coli OP50 as food for C. elegans. In both settings, L. monocytogenes prefers the direct incorporation of histidine, arginine and lysine over their de novo biosynthesis. Our data suggest that colonization of nematodes is a strategy of L. monocytogenes to increase its access to N-rich nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kern
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Erika Kutzner
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Thilo M Fuchs
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
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17
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Pauletto M, Carraro L, Babbucci M, Lucchini R, Bargelloni L, Cardazzo B. Extending RAD tag analysis to microbial ecology: a comparison between MultiLocus Sequence Typing and 2b-RAD to investigate Listeria monocytogenes genetic structure. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 16:823-35. [PMID: 26613186 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has dramatically changed bacterial typing technologies, increasing our ability to differentiate bacterial isolates. Despite it is now possible to sequence a bacterial genome in a few days and at reasonable costs, most genetic analyses do not require whole-genome sequencing, which also remains impractical for large population samples due to the cost of individual library preparation and bioinformatics. More traditional sequencing approaches, however, such as MultiLocus Sequence Typing (mlst) are quite laborious and time-consuming, especially for large-scale analyses. In this study, a genotyping approach based on restriction site-associated (RAD) tag sequencing, 2b-RAD, was applied to characterize Listeria monocytogenes strains. To verify the feasibility of the method, an in silico analysis was performed on 30 available complete genomes. For the same set of strains, in silico mlst analysis was conducted as well. Subsequently, 2b-RAD and mlst analyses were experimentally carried out on 58 isolates collected from food samples or food-processing sites. The obtained results demonstrate that 2b-RAD predicts mlst types and often provides more detailed information on population structure than mlst. Moreover, the majority of variants differentiating identical sequence type isolates mapped against accessory fragments, thus providing additional information to characterize strains. Although mlst still represents a reliable typing method, large-scale studies on molecular epidemiology and public health, as well as bacterial phylogenetics, population genetics and biosafety could benefit of a low cost and fast turnaround time approach such as the 2b-RAD analysis proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lisa Carraro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lucchini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Barbara Cardazzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
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18
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Willenborg J, Huber C, Koczula A, Lange B, Eisenreich W, Valentin-Weigand P, Goethe R. Characterization of the pivotal carbon metabolism of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 under ex vivo and chemically defined in vitro conditions by isotopologue profiling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5840-54. [PMID: 25575595 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.619163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a neglected zoonotic pathogen that has to adapt to the nutritional requirements in the different host niches encountered during infection and establishment of invasive diseases. To dissect the central metabolic activity of S. suis under different conditions of nutrient availability, we performed labeling experiments starting from [(13)C]glucose specimens and analyzed the resulting isotopologue patterns in amino acids of S. suis grown under in vitro and ex vivo conditions. In combination with classical growth experiments, we found that S. suis is auxotrophic for Arg, Gln/Glu, His, Leu, and Trp in chemically defined medium. De novo biosynthesis was shown for Ala, Asp, Ser, and Thr at high rates and for Gly, Lys, Phe, Tyr, and Val at moderate or low rates, respectively. Glucose degradation occurred mainly by glycolysis and to a minor extent by the pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, the exclusive formation of oxaloacetate by phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylation became evident from the patterns in de novo synthesized amino acids. Labeling experiments with S. suis grown ex vivo in blood or cerebrospinal fluid reflected the metabolic adaptation to these host niches with different nutrient availability; however, similar key metabolic activities were identified under these conditions. This points at the robustness of the core metabolic pathways in S. suis during the infection process. The crucial role of PEP carboxylation for growth of S. suis in the host was supported by experiments with a PEP carboxylase-deficient mutant strain in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Willenborg
- From the Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30173 Hannover, Germany and
| | - Claudia Huber
- the Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Koczula
- From the Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30173 Hannover, Germany and
| | - Birgit Lange
- the Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- the Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- From the Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30173 Hannover, Germany and
| | - Ralph Goethe
- From the Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30173 Hannover, Germany and
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19
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Melo J, Andrew P, Faleiro M. Listeria monocytogenes in cheese and the dairy environment remains a food safety challenge: The role of stress responses. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Grubmüller S, Schauer K, Goebel W, Fuchs TM, Eisenreich W. Analysis of carbon substrates used by Listeria monocytogenes during growth in J774A.1 macrophages suggests a bipartite intracellular metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:156. [PMID: 25405102 PMCID: PMC4217532 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial pathogens (IBPs) are dependent on various nutrients provided by the host cells. Different strategies may therefore be necessary to adapt the intracellular metabolism of IBPs to the host cells. The specific carbon sources, the catabolic pathways participating in their degradation, and the biosynthetic performances of IBPs are still poorly understood. In this report, we have exploited the technique of (13)C-isotopologue profiling to further study the carbon metabolism of Listeria monocytogenes by using the EGDe wild-type strain and mutants (defective in the uptake and/or catabolism of various carbon compounds) replicating in J774A.1 macrophages. For this goal, the infected macrophages were cultivated in the presence of [1,2-(13)C2]glucose, [U-(13)C3]glycerol, [U-(13)C3]pyruvate, [U-(13)C3]lactate, or a mix of [U-(13)C]amino acids. GC/MS-based isotopologue profiling showed efficient utilization of amino acids, glucose 6-phosphate, glycerol, and (at a low extent) also of lactate but not of pyruvate by the IBPs. Most amino acids imported from the host cells were directly used for bacterial protein biosynthesis and hardly catabolized. However, Asp was de novo synthesized by the IBPs and not imported from the host cell. As expected, glycerol was catabolized via the ATP-generating lower part of the glycolytic pathway, but apparently not used for gluconeogenesis. The intermediates generated from glucose 6-phosphate in the upper part of the glycolytic pathway and the pentose phosphate shunt likely serve primarily for anabolic purposes (probably for the biosynthesis of cell wall components and nucleotides). This bipartite bacterial metabolism which involves at least two major carbon substrates-glycerol mainly for energy supply and glucose 6-phosphate mainly for indispensible anabolic performances-may put less nutritional stress on the infected host cells, thereby extending the lifespan of the host cells to the benefit of the IBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Schauer
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung (ZIEL), Technische Universität München Freising, Germany
| | - Werner Goebel
- Department for Bacteriology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Thilo M Fuchs
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung (ZIEL), Technische Universität München Freising, Germany
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Abstract
Several major pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, parasitize host cells and exploit host-derived nutrients to sustain their own metabolism. Although the carbon sources that are used by M. tuberculosis have been extensively studied, the mechanisms by which mycobacteria capture and metabolize nitrogen, which is another essential constituent of biomolecules, have only recently been revisited. In this Progress article, we discuss central nitrogen metabolism in M. tuberculosis, the mechanisms that are used by this pathogen to obtain nitrogen from its host and the potential role of nitrogen capture and metabolism in virulence.
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22
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Ahmed Z, Zeeshan S, Huber C, Hensel M, Schomburg D, Münch R, Eylert E, Eisenreich W, Dandekar T. 'Isotopo' a database application for facile analysis and management of mass isotopomer data. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2014; 2014:bau077. [PMID: 25204646 PMCID: PMC4158277 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The composition of stable-isotope labelled isotopologues/isotopomers in metabolic products can be measured by mass spectrometry and supports the analysis of pathways and fluxes. As a prerequisite, the original mass spectra have to be processed, managed and stored to rapidly calculate, analyse and compare isotopomer enrichments to study, for instance, bacterial metabolism in infection. For such applications, we provide here the database application ‘Isotopo’. This software package includes (i) a database to store and process isotopomer data, (ii) a parser to upload and translate different data formats for such data and (iii) an improved application to process and convert signal intensities from mass spectra of 13C-labelled metabolites such as tertbutyldimethylsilyl-derivatives of amino acids. Relative mass intensities and isotopomer distributions are calculated applying a partial least square method with iterative refinement for high precision data. The data output includes formats such as graphs for overall enrichments in amino acids. The package is user-friendly for easy and robust data management of multiple experiments. Availability: The ‘Isotopo’ software is available at the following web link (section Download): http://spp1316.uni-wuerzburg.de/bioinformatics/isotopo/. The package contains three additional files: software executable setup (installer), one data set file (discussed in this article) and one excel file (which can be used to convert data from excel to ‘.iso’ format). The ‘Isotopo’ software is compatible only with the Microsoft Windows operating system. Database URL:http://spp1316.uni-wuerzburg.de/bioinformatics/isotopo/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meye
| | - Saman Zeeshan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meye
| | - Claudia Huber
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schomburg
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Münch
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Eylert
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, OE 8886, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Division of Microbiology, Barbarastraße 11, Gebäude 36, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Langer Kamp 19B, Technical University Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Microbiology, Biozentrum, 2. Obergeschoss Spielmannstraße 7, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Computational biology and structures program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meye
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Xayarath B, Freitag NE. Optimizing the balance between host and environmental survival skills: lessons learned from Listeria monocytogenes. Future Microbiol 2014; 7:839-52. [PMID: 22827306 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pathogens - organisms that survive in the outside environment but maintain the capacity to cause disease in mammals - navigate the challenges of life in habitats that range from water and soil to the cytosol of host cells. The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes has served for decades as a model organism for studies of host-pathogen interactions and for fundamental paradigms of cell biology. This ubiquitous saprophyte has recently become a model for understanding how an environmental bacterium switches to life within human cells. This review describes how L. monocytogenes balances life in disparate environments with the help of a critical virulence regulator known as PrfA. Understanding L. monocytogenes survival strategies is important for gaining insight into how environmental microbes become pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbi Xayarath
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Cabrita P, Trigo MJ, Ferreira RB, Brito L. Is the exoproteome important for bacterial pathogenesis? Lessons learned from interstrain exoprotein diversity in Listeria monocytogenes grown at different temperatures. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:553-69. [PMID: 25127015 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial exoproteomes vary in composition and quantity among species and within each species, depending on the environmental conditions to which the cells are exposed. This article critically reviews the literature available on exoproteins synthesized by the foodborne pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes grown at different temperatures. The main challenges posed for exoproteome analyses and the strategies that are being used to overcome these constraints are discussed. Over thirty exoproteins from L. monocytogenes are considered, and the multifunctionality of some of them is discussed. Thus, at the host temperature of 37°C, good examples are provided by Lmo0443, a potential marker for low virulence, and by the virulence factors internalin C (InlC) and listeriolysin O (LLO). Based on the reported LLO-induced mucin exocytosis, a model is proposed for the involvement of extracellular LLO in optimizing the conditions for InlC intervention in the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. At lower growth temperatures, exoproteins such as flagellin (FlaA) and oligopeptide permease (OppA) may explain the persistence of particular strains in the food industry environment, eventually allowing the development of new tools to eradicate L. monocytogenes, a major concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cabrita
- 1 CBAA/DRAT-Departamento dos Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon , Lisbon, Portugal
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Staib L, Fuchs TM. From food to cell: nutrient exploitation strategies of enteropathogens. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 160:1020-1039. [PMID: 24705229 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.078105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Upon entering the human gastrointestinal tract, foodborne bacterial enteropathogens encounter, among numerous other stress conditions, nutrient competition with the host organism and the commensal microbiota. The main carbon, nitrogen and energy sources exploited by pathogens during proliferation in, and colonization of, the gut have, however, not been identified completely. In recent years, a huge body of literature has provided evidence that most enteropathogens are equipped with a large set of specific metabolic pathways to overcome nutritional limitations in vivo, thus increasing bacterial fitness during infection. These adaptations include the degradation of myo-inositol, ethanolamine cleaved from phospholipids, fucose derived from mucosal glycoconjugates, 1,2-propanediol as the fermentation product of fucose or rhamnose and several other metabolites not accessible for commensal bacteria or present in competition-free microenvironments. Interestingly, the data reviewed here point to common metabolic strategies of enteric pathogens allowing the exploitation of nutrient sources that not only are present in the gut lumen, the mucosa or epithelial cells, but also are abundant in food. An increased knowledge of the metabolic strategies developed by enteropathogens is therefore a key factor to better control foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Staib
- ZIEL, Abteilung Mikrobiologie, and Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Fakultät für Grundlagen der Biowissenschaften, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Thilo M Fuchs
- ZIEL, Abteilung Mikrobiologie, and Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Fakultät für Grundlagen der Biowissenschaften, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85350 Freising, Germany
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26
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You L, Zhang B, Tang YJ. Application of stable isotope-assisted metabolomics for cell metabolism studies. Metabolites 2014; 4:142-65. [PMID: 24957020 PMCID: PMC4101500 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The applications of stable isotopes in metabolomics have facilitated the study of cell metabolisms. Stable isotope-assisted metabolomics requires: (1) properly designed tracer experiments; (2) stringent sampling and quenching protocols to minimize isotopic alternations; (3) efficient metabolite separations; (4) high resolution mass spectrometry to resolve overlapping peaks and background noises; and (5) data analysis methods and databases to decipher isotopic clusters over a broad m/z range (mass-to-charge ratio). This paper overviews mass spectrometry based techniques for precise determination of metabolites and their isotopologues. It also discusses applications of isotopic approaches to track substrate utilization, identify unknown metabolites and their chemical formulas, measure metabolite concentrations, determine putative metabolic pathways, and investigate microbial community populations and their carbon assimilation patterns. In addition, 13C-metabolite fingerprinting and metabolic models can be integrated to quantify carbon fluxes (enzyme reaction rates). The fluxome, in combination with other "omics" analyses, may give systems-level insights into regulatory mechanisms underlying gene functions. More importantly, 13C-tracer experiments significantly improve the potential of low-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for broad-scope metabolism studies. We foresee the isotope-assisted metabolomics to be an indispensable tool in industrial biotechnology, environmental microbiology, and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le You
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Baichen Zhang
- Plant Metabolomics Group, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai 20032, China.
| | - Yinjie J Tang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Behrens S, Widder S, Mannala GK, Qing X, Madhugiri R, Kefer N, Mraheil MA, Rattei T, Hain T. Ultra deep sequencing of Listeria monocytogenes sRNA transcriptome revealed new antisense RNAs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83979. [PMID: 24498259 PMCID: PMC3911899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive pathogen, and causative agent of listeriosis, has become a widely used model organism for intracellular infections. Recent studies have identified small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) as important factors for regulating gene expression and pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes. Increased speed and reduced costs of high throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques have made RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) the state-of-the-art method to study bacterial transcriptomes. We created a large transcriptome dataset of L. monocytogenes containing a total of 21 million reads, using the SOLiD sequencing technology. The dataset contained cDNA sequences generated from L. monocytogenes RNA collected under intracellular and extracellular condition and additionally was size fractioned into three different size ranges from <40 nt, 40–150 nt and >150 nt. We report here, the identification of nine new sRNAs candidates of L. monocytogenes and a reevaluation of known sRNAs of L. monocytogenes EGD-e. Automatic comparison to known sRNAs revealed a high recovery rate of 55%, which was increased to 90% by manual revision of the data. Moreover, thorough classification of known sRNAs shed further light on their possible biological functions. Interestingly among the newly identified sRNA candidates are antisense RNAs (asRNAs) associated to the housekeeping genes purA, fumC and pgi and potentially their regulation, emphasizing the significance of sRNAs for metabolic adaptation in L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Behrens
- Department für Computational Systems Biology, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
- Institute für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Widder
- Department für Computational Systems Biology, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Gopala Krishna Mannala
- Institute für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Xiaoxing Qing
- Institute für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ramakanth Madhugiri
- Institute für Medizinische Virologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Kefer
- febit biomed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Life Technologies GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- Institute für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rattei
- Department für Computational Systems Biology, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Jadhav S, Sevior D, Bhave M, Palombo EA. Detection of Listeria monocytogenes from selective enrichment broth using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. J Proteomics 2013; 97:100-6. [PMID: 24080423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Conventional methods used for primary detection of Listeria monocytogenes from foods and subsequent confirmation of presumptive positive samples involve prolonged incubation and biochemical testing which generally require four to five days to obtain a result. In the current study, a simple and rapid proteomics-based MALDI-TOF MS approach was developed to detect L. monocytogenes directly from selective enrichment broths. Milk samples spiked with single species and multiple species cultures were incubated in a selective enrichment broth for 24h, followed by an additional 6h secondary enrichment. As few as 1 colony-forming unit (cfu) of L. monocytogenes per mL of initial selective broth culture could be detected within 30h. On applying the same approach to solid foods previously implicated in listeriosis, namely chicken pâté, cantaloupe and Camembert cheese, detection was achieved within the same time interval at inoculation levels of 10cfu/mL. Unlike the routine application of MALDI-TOF MS for identification of bacteria from solid media, this study proposes a cost-effective and time-saving detection scheme for direct identification of L. monocytogenes from broth cultures.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Globally, foodborne diseases are major causes of illness and fatalities in humans. Hence, there is a continual need for reliable and rapid means for pathogen detection from food samples. Recent applications of MALDI-TOF MS for diagnostic microbiology focused on detection of microbes from clinical specimens. However, the current study has emphasized its use as a tool for detecting the major foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, directly from selective enrichment broths. This proof-of-concept study proposes a detection scheme that is more rapid and simple compared to conventional methods of Listeria detection. Very low levels of the pathogen could be identified from different food samples post-enrichment in selective enrichment broths. Use of this scheme will facilitate rapid and cost-effective testing for this important foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Jadhav
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn 3122 Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle Sevior
- bioMérieux Australia Pty Ltd, Unit 25 Parkview Business Centre, 1 Maitland Place, Baulkham Hills, NSW 2153, Australia
| | - Mrinal Bhave
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn 3122 Victoria, Australia
| | - Enzo A Palombo
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn 3122 Victoria, Australia.
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Jobbings CE, Sandig H, Whittingham-Dowd JK, Roberts IS, Bulfone-Paus S. Listeria monocytogenes alters mast cell phenotype, mediator and osteopontin secretion in a listeriolysin-dependent manner. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57102. [PMID: 23460827 PMCID: PMC3584118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst mast cells participate in the immune defence against the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, there is conflicting evidence regarding the ability of L. monocytogenes to infect mast cells. It is known that the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin (LLO) is important for mast cell activation, degranulation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mast cells, however, are a potential source of a wide range of cytokines, chemokines and other mediators including osteopontin, which contributes to the clearing of L. monocytogenes infections in vivo, although its source is unknown. We therefore aimed to resolve the controversy of mast cell infection by L. monocytogenes and investigated the extent of mediator release in response to the bacterium. In this paper we show that the infection of bone marrow-derived mast cells by L. monocytogenes is inefficient and LLO-independent. LLO, however, is required for calcium-independent mast cell degranulation as well as for the transient and selective downregulation of cell surface CD117 (c-kit) on mast cells. We demonstrate that in addition to the key pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, mast cells release a wide range of other mediators in response to L. monocytogenes. Osteopontin, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and chemokines including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 are released in a MyD88-dependent manner. The wide range of mediators released by mast cells in response to L. monocytogenes may play an important role in the recruitment and activation of a variety of immune cells in vivo. The cocktail of mediators, however, is unlikely to skew the immune response to a particular effector response. We propose that mast cells provide a hitherto unreported source of osteopontin, and may provide an important role in co-ordinating the immune response during Listeria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Jobbings
- Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary Sandig
- Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian S. Roberts
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- * E-mail:
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30
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Guthke R, Linde J, Mech F, Figge MT. Systems biology of microbial infection. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:328. [PMID: 22988447 PMCID: PMC3439864 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Guthke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute Jena, Germany
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31
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Tang JKH, You L, Blankenship RE, Tang YJ. Recent advances in mapping environmental microbial metabolisms through 13C isotopic fingerprints. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:2767-80. [PMID: 22896564 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
After feeding microbes with a defined (13)C substrate, unique isotopic patterns (isotopic fingerprints) can be formed in their metabolic products. Such labelling information not only can provide novel insights into functional pathways but also can determine absolute carbon fluxes through the metabolic network via metabolic modelling approaches. This technique has been used for finding pathways that may have been mis-annotated in the past, elucidating new enzyme functions, and investigating cell metabolisms in microbial communities. In this review paper, we summarize the applications of (13)C approaches to analyse novel cell metabolisms for the past 3 years. The isotopic fingerprints (defined as unique isotopomers useful for pathway identifications) have revealed the operations of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle, new enzymes for biosynthesis of central metabolites, diverse respiration routes in phototrophic metabolism, co-metabolism of carbon nutrients and novel CO(2) fixation pathways. This review also discusses new isotopic methods to map carbon fluxes in global metabolisms, as well as potential factors influencing the metabolic flux quantification (e.g. metabolite channelling, the isotopic purity of (13)C substrates and the isotopic effect). Although (13)C labelling is not applicable to all biological systems (e.g. microbial communities), recent studies have shown that this method has a significant value in functional characterization of poorly understood micro-organisms, including species relevant for biotechnology and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kuo-Hsiang Tang
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
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