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Shen J, Paterson GA, Wang Y, Kirschvink JL, Pan Y, Lin W. Renaissance for magnetotactic bacteria in astrobiology. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1526-1534. [PMID: 37592065 PMCID: PMC10504353 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Capable of forming magnetofossils similar to some magnetite nanocrystals observed in the Martian meteorite ALH84001, magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) once occupied a special position in the field of astrobiology during the 1990s and 2000s. This flourish of interest in putative Martian magnetofossils faded from all but the experts studying magnetosome formation, based on claims that abiotic processes could produce magnetosome-like magnetite crystals. Recently, the rapid growth in our knowledge of the extreme environments in which MTB thrive and their phylogenic heritage, leads us to advocate for a renaissance of MTB in astrobiology. In recent decades, magnetotactic members have been discovered alive in natural extreme environments with wide ranges of salinity (up to 90 g L-1), pH (1-10), and temperature (0-70 °C). Additionally, some MTB populations are found to be able to survive irradiated, desiccated, metal-rich, hypomagnetic, or microgravity conditions, and are capable of utilizing simple inorganic compounds such as sulfate and nitrate. Moreover, MTB likely emerged quite early in Earth's history, coinciding with a period when the Martian surface was covered with liquid water as well as a strong magnetic field. MTB are commonly discovered in suboxic or oxic-anoxic interfaces in aquatic environments or sediments similar to ancient crater lakes on Mars, such as Gale crater and Jezero crater. Taken together, MTB can be exemplary model microorganisms in astrobiology research, and putative ancient Martian life, if it ever occurred, could plausibly have included magnetotactic microorganisms. Furthermore, we summarize multiple typical biosignatures that can be applied for the detection of ancient MTB on Earth and extraterrestrial MTB-like life. We suggest transporting MTB to space stations and simulation chambers to further investigate their tolerance potential and distinctive biosignatures to aid in understanding the evolutionary history of MTB and the potential of magnetofossils as an extraterrestrial biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Greig A Paterson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
| | - Yinzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Joseph L Kirschvink
- Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, Calfiornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Marine Core Research Institute, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
- France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Liu J, Zhang W, He K, Liu L, Wang C, Jiang Y, Ma S, Tian J, Li Y, Zhang T, Tian L, He F, Paterson GA, Wei Y, Pan Y, Lin W. Survival of the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense exposed to Earth's lower near space. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1335-1339. [PMID: 36546265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wensi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kuang He
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space Systems, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanda Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space Systems, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shijiao Ma
- France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiesheng Tian
- France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Li
- France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tongwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lanxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Greig A Paterson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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3
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Chen H, Li K, Cai Y, Wang P, Gong W, Wu LF, Song T. Light regulation of resistance to oxidative damage and magnetic crystal biogenesis in Magnetospirillum magneticum mediated by a Cys-less LOV-like protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7927-7941. [PMID: 32780289 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) proteins are ubiquitous photoreceptors that can interact with other regulatory proteins and then mediate their activities, which results in cellular adaptation and subsequent physiological changes. Upon blue-light irradiation, a conserved cysteine (Cys) residue in LOV covalently binds to flavin to form a flavin-Cys adduct, which triggers a subsequent cascade of signal transduction and reactions. We found a group of natural Cys-less LOV-like proteins in magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) and investigated its physiological functions by conducting research on one of these unusual LOV-like proteins, Amb2291, in Magnetospirillum magneticum. In-frame deletion of amb2291 or site-directive substitution of alanine-399 for Cys mutants impaired the protective responses against hydrogen peroxide, thereby causing stress and growth impairment. Consequently, gene expression and magnetosome formation were affected, which led to high sensitivity to oxidative damage and defective phototactic behaviour. The purified wild-type and A399C-mutated LOV-like proteins had similar LOV blue-light response spectra, but Amb2291A399C exhibited a faster reaction to blue light. We especially showed that LOV-like protein Amb2291 plays a role in magnetosome synthesis and resistance to oxidative stress of AMB-1 when this bacterium was exposed to red light and hydrogen peroxide. This finding expands our knowledge of the physiological function of this widely distributed group of photoreceptors and deepens our understanding of the photoresponse of MTB. KEY POINTS: • We found a group of Cys-less light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) photoreceptors in magnetotactic bacteria, which prompted us to study the light-response and biological roles of these proteins in these non-photosynthetic bacteria. • The Cys-less LOV-like protein participates in the light-regulated signalling pathway and improves resistance to oxidative damage and magnetic crystal biogenesis in Magnetospirillum magneticum. • This result will contribute to our understanding of the structural and functional diversity of the LOV-like photoreceptor and help us understand the complexity of light-regulated model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-CAS, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kefeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Shandong Sport University, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Yao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-CAS, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Weimin Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-CAS, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB, 13402, Marseille, France.
| | - Tao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-CAS, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Wang Y, Casaburi G, Lin W, Li Y, Wang F, Pan Y. Genomic evidence of the illumination response mechanism and evolutionary history of magnetotactic bacteria within the Rhodospirillaceae family. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:407. [PMID: 31117953 PMCID: PMC6532209 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments. MTB can produce intracellular magnetic particles, navigate along geomagnetic field, and respond to light. However, the potential mechanism by which MTB respond to illumination and their evolutionary relationship with photosynthetic bacteria remain elusive. RESULTS We utilized genomes of the well-sequenced genus Magnetospirillum, including the newly sequenced MTB strain Magnetospirillum sp. XM-1 to perform a comprehensive genomic comparison with phototrophic bacteria within the family Rhodospirillaceae regarding the illumination response mechanism. First, photoreceptor genes were identified in the genomes of both MTB and phototrophic bacteria in the Rhodospirillaceae family, but no photosynthesis genes were found in the MTB genomes. Most of the photoreceptor genes in the MTB genomes from this family encode phytochrome-domain photoreceptors that likely induce red/far-red light phototaxis. Second, illumination also causes damage within the cell, and in Rhodospirillaceae, both MTB and phototrophic bacteria possess complex but similar sets of response and repair genes, such as oxidative stress response, iron homeostasis and DNA repair system genes. Lastly, phylogenomic analysis showed that MTB cluster closely with phototrophic bacteria in this family. One photoheterotrophic genus, Phaeospirillum, clustered within and displays high genomic similarity with Magnetospirillum. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree topologies of magnetosome synthesis genes in MTB and photosynthesis genes in phototrophic bacteria from the Rhodospirillaceae family were reasonably congruent with the phylogenomic tree, suggesting that these two traits were most likely vertically transferred during the evolution of their lineages. CONCLUSION Our new genomic data indicate that MTB and phototrophic bacteria within the family Rhodospirillaceae possess diversified photoreceptors that may be responsible for phototaxis. Their genomes also contain comprehensive stress response genes to mediate the negative effects caused by illumination. Based on phylogenetic studies, most of MTB and phototrophic bacteria in the Rhodospirillaceae family evolved vertically with magnetosome synthesis and photosynthesis genes. The ancestor of Rhodospirillaceae was likely a magnetotactic phototrophic bacteria, however, gain or loss of magnetotaxis and phototrophic abilities might have occurred during the evolution of ancestral Rhodospirillaceae lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Giorgio Casaburi
- Departments of Microbiology and Cell Science, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Florida, Merritt Island, FL, 32953, USA
| | - Wei Lin
- Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Li K, Wang P, Chen C, Chen C, Li L, Song T. Light irradiation helps magnetotactic bacteria eliminate intracellular reactive oxygen species. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3638-3648. [PMID: 28752909 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) demonstrate photoresponse. However, little is known about the biological significance of this behaviour. Magnetosomes exhibit peroxidase-like activity and can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Magnetosomes extracted from the Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 show enhanced peroxidase-like activity under illumination. The present study investigated the effects of light irradiation on nonmagnetic (without magnetosomes) and magnetic (with magnetosomes) AMB-1 cells. Results showed that light irradiation did not affect the growth of nonmagnetic and magnetic cells but significantly increased magnetosome synthesis and reduced intracellular ROS level in magnetic cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyse the expression level of magnetosome formation-associated genes (mamA, mms6, mms13 and mmsF) and stress-related genes (recA, oxyR, SOD, amb0664 and amb2684). Results showed that light irradiation upregulated the expression of mms6, mms13 and mmsF. Furthermore, light irradiation upregulated the expression of stress-related genes in nonmagnetic cells but downregulated them in magnetic cells. Additionally, magnetic cells exhibited stronger phototactic behaviour than nonmagnetic ones. These results suggested that light irradiation could heighten the ability of MTB to eliminate intracellular ROS and help them adapt to lighted environments. This phenomenon may be related to the enhanced peroxidase-like activity of magnetosomes under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuanfang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changyou Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Tao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
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Wang X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Wen T, Li L, Zuo M, Zhang Z, Tian J, Jiang W, Li Y, Wang L, Li J. Transcriptome analysis reveals physiological characteristics required for magnetosome formation in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:371-381. [PMID: 27043321 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetosome synthesis ability of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 in an autofermentor can be precisely controlled through strict control of dissolved oxygen concentration. In this study, using transcriptome data we discovered gene transcriptional differences and compared physiological characteristics of MSR-1 cells cultured under aerobic (high-oxygen) and micro-aerobic (low-oxygen) conditions. The results showed that 77 genes were up-regulated and 95 genes were down-regulated significantly under micro-aerobic situation. These genes were involved primarily in the categories of cell metabolism, transport, regulation and unknown-function proteins. The nutrient transport and physiological metabolism were slowed down under micro-aerobic condition, whereas dissimilatory denitrification pathways were activated and it may supplemental energy was made available for magnetosome synthesis. The result suggested that the genes of magnetosome membrane proteins (Mam and Mms) are not directly regulated by oxygen level, or are constitutively expressed. A proposed regulatory network of differentially expressed genes reflects the complexity of physiological metabolism in MSR-1, and suggests that some yet-unknown functional proteins play important roles such as ferric iron uptake and transport during magnetosome synthesis. The transcriptome data provides a holistic view of the responses of MSR-1 cells to differing oxygen levels. This approach will give new insights into general principles of magnetosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- France-China Bio-mineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- France-China Bio-mineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- France-China Bio-mineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yinjia Wang
- Tianjin Biochip Corporation, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- France-China Bio-mineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- France-China Bio-mineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- France-China Bio-mineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Meiqing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- France-China Bio-mineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ziding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jiesheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- France-China Bio-mineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- France-China Bio-mineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- France-China Bio-mineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Tianjin Biochip Corporation, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jilun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- France-China Bio-mineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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Gauger T, Konhauser K, Kappler A. Protection of Nitrate-Reducing Fe(II)-Oxidizing Bacteria from UV Radiation by Biogenic Fe(III) Minerals. ASTROBIOLOGY 2016; 16:301-310. [PMID: 27027418 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2015.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of an ozone layer in the Archean, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reached early Earth's surface almost unattenuated; as a consequence, a terrestrial biosphere in the form of biological soil crusts would have been highly susceptible to lethal doses of irradiation. However, a self-produced external screen in the form of nanoparticular Fe(III) minerals could have effectively protected those early microorganisms. In this study, we use viability studies by quantifying colony-forming units (CFUs), as well as Fe(II) oxidation and nitrate reduction rates, to show that encrustation in biogenic and abiogenic Fe(III) minerals can protect a common soil bacteria such as the nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1 and strain 2AN from harmful UVC radiation. Analysis of DNA damage by quantifying cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) confirmed the protecting effect by Fe(III) minerals. This study suggests that Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms, as would have grown in association with mafic and ultramafic soils/outcrops, would have been able to produce their own UV screen, enabling them to live in terrestrial habitats on early Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gauger
- 1 Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kurt Konhauser
- 2 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andreas Kappler
- 1 Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Woehl TJ, Kashyap S, Firlar E, Perez-Gonzalez T, Faivre D, Trubitsyn D, Bazylinski DA, Prozorov T. Correlative electron and fluorescence microscopy of magnetotactic bacteria in liquid: toward in vivo imaging. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6854. [PMID: 25358460 PMCID: PMC4215306 DOI: 10.1038/srep06854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria biomineralize ordered chains of uniform, membrane-bound magnetite or greigite nanocrystals that exhibit nearly perfect crystal structures and species-specific morphologies. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a critical technique for providing information regarding the organization of cellular and magnetite structures in these microorganisms. However, conventional TEM can only be used to image air-dried or vitrified bacteria removed from their natural environment. Here we present a correlative scanning TEM (STEM) and fluorescence microscopy technique for imaging viable cells of Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 in liquid using an in situ fluid cell TEM holder. Fluorescently labeled cells were immobilized on microchip window surfaces and visualized in a fluid cell with STEM, followed by correlative fluorescence imaging to verify their membrane integrity. Notably, the post-STEM fluorescence imaging indicated that the bacterial cell wall membrane did not sustain radiation damage during STEM imaging at low electron dose conditions. We investigated the effects of radiation damage and sample preparation on the bacteria viability and found that approximately 50% of the bacterial membranes remained intact after an hour in the fluid cell, decreasing to ~30% after two hours. These results represent a first step toward in vivo studies of magnetite biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Woehl
- Emergent Atomic and Magnetic Structures, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sanjay Kashyap
- Emergent Atomic and Magnetic Structures, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Emre Firlar
- Emergent Atomic and Magnetic Structures, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Teresa Perez-Gonzalez
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Damien Faivre
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Denis Trubitsyn
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Dennis A. Bazylinski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Tanya Prozorov
- Emergent Atomic and Magnetic Structures, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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9
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Lin W, Benzerara K, Faivre D, Pan Y. Intracellular biomineralization in bacteria. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:293. [PMID: 24971081 PMCID: PMC4053769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China ; France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Karim Benzerara
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS UMR 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206 Paris, France
| | - Damien Faivre
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China ; France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
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