1
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Said N, Finazzo M, Hilal T, Wang B, Selinger TL, Gjorgjevikj D, Artsimovitch I, Wahl MC. Sm-like protein Rof inhibits transcription termination factor ρ by binding site obstruction and conformational insulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3186. [PMID: 38622114 PMCID: PMC11018626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription termination factor ρ is a hexameric, RNA-dependent NTPase that can adopt active closed-ring and inactive open-ring conformations. The Sm-like protein Rof, a homolog of the RNA chaperone Hfq, inhibits ρ-dependent termination in vivo but recapitulation of this activity in vitro has proven difficult and the precise mode of Rof action is presently unknown. Here, our cryo-EM structures of ρ-Rof and ρ-RNA complexes show that Rof undergoes pronounced conformational changes to bind ρ at the protomer interfaces, undercutting ρ conformational dynamics associated with ring closure and occluding extended primary RNA-binding sites that are also part of interfaces between ρ and RNA polymerase. Consistently, Rof impedes ρ ring closure, ρ-RNA interactions and ρ association with transcription elongation complexes. Structure-guided mutagenesis coupled with functional assays confirms that the observed ρ-Rof interface is required for Rof-mediated inhibition of cell growth and ρ-termination in vitro. Bioinformatic analyses reveal that Rof is restricted to Pseudomonadota and that the ρ-Rof interface is conserved. Genomic contexts of rof differ between Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae, suggesting distinct modes of Rof regulation. We hypothesize that Rof and other cellular anti-terminators silence ρ under diverse, but yet to be identified, stress conditions when unrestrained transcription termination by ρ may be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Said
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Finazzo
- Department of Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tarek Hilal
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Research Center of Electron Microscopy and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 36a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tim Luca Selinger
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Gjorgjevikj
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Artsimovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Markus C Wahl
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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T N, Govindarajan S, Munavar MH. trans-translation system is important for maintaining genome integrity during DNA damage in bacteria. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104136. [PMID: 37690591 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA integrity in bacteria is regulated by various factors that act on the DNA. trans-translation has previously been shown to be important for the survival of Escherichia coli cells exposed to certain DNA-damaging agents. However, the mechanisms underlying this sensitivity are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the involvement of the trans-translation system in the maintenance of genome integrity using various DNA-damaging agents and mutant backgrounds. Relative viability assays showed that SsrA-defective cells were sensitive to DNA-damaging agents, such as nalidixic acid (NA), ultraviolet radiation (UV), and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The viability of SsrA-defective cells was rescued by deleting sulA, although the expression of SulA was not more pronounced in SsrA-defective cells than in wild-type cells. Live cell imaging using a Gam-GFP fluorescent reporter showed increased double-strand breaks (DSBs) in SsrA-defective cells during DNA damage. We also showed that the ribosome rescue function of SsrA was sufficient for DNA damage tolerance. DNA damage sensitivity can be alleviated by partial uncoupling of transcription and translation by using sub-lethal concentrations of ribosome inhibiting antibiotic (tetracycline) or by mutating the gene coding for RNase H (rnhA). Taken together, our results highlight the importance of trans-translation system in maintaining genome integrity and bacterial survival during DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan T
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India; Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India
| | | | - M Hussain Munavar
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
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3
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Said N, Finazzo M, Hilal T, Wang B, Selinger TL, Gjorgjevikj D, Artsimovitch I, Wahl MC. Sm-like protein Rof inhibits transcription termination factor ρ by binding site obstruction and conformational insulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.555460. [PMID: 37693585 PMCID: PMC10491184 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcription termination factor ρ is a hexameric, RNA-dependent NTPase that can adopt active closed-ring and inactive open-ring conformations. The Sm-like protein Rof, a homolog of the RNA chaperone Hfq, inhibits ρ-dependent termination in vivo but recapitulation of this activity in vitro has proven difficult and the precise mode of Rof action is presently unknown. Our electron microscopic structures of ρ-Rof and ρ-RNA complexes show that Rof undergoes pronounced conformational changes to bind ρ at the protomer interfaces, undercutting ρ conformational dynamics associated with ring closure and occluding extended primary RNA-binding sites that are also part of interfaces between ρ and RNA polymerase. Consistently, Rof impedes ρ ring closure, ρ-RNA interactions, and ρ association with transcription elongation complexes. Structure-guided mutagenesis coupled with functional assays confirmed that the observed ρ-Rof interface is required for Rof-mediated inhibition of cell growth and ρ-termination in vitro. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that Rof is restricted to Pseudomonadota and that the ρ-Rof interface is conserved. Genomic contexts of rof differ between Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae, suggesting distinct modes of Rof regulation. We hypothesize that Rof and other cellular anti-terminators silence ρ under diverse, but yet to be identified, stress conditions when unrestrained transcription termination by ρ would be lethal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Said
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Finazzo
- The Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tarek Hilal
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research Center of Electron Microscopy and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Fabeckstr. 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bing Wang
- The Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tim Luca Selinger
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Gjorgjevikj
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Artsimovitch
- The Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Markus C. Wahl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Macromolecular Crystallography, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Kotta-Loizou I, Giuliano MG, Jovanovic M, Schaefer J, Ye F, Zhang N, Irakleidi DA, Liu X, Zhang X, Buck M, Engl C. The RNA repair proteins RtcAB regulate transcription activator RtcR via its CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold domain. iScience 2022; 25:105425. [PMID: 36388977 PMCID: PMC9650030 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold (CARF) domain signaling underpins modulation of CRISPR-Cas nucleases; however, the RtcR CARF domain controls expression of two conserved RNA repair enzymes, cyclase RtcA and ligase RtcB. Here, we demonstrate that RtcAB are required for RtcR-dependent transcription activation and directly bind to RtcR CARF. RtcAB catalytic activity is not required for complex formation with CARF, but is essential yet not sufficient for RtcRAB-dependent transcription activation, implying the need for an additional RNA repair-dependent activating signal. This signal differs from oligoadenylates, a known ligand of CARF domains, and instead appears to originate from the translation apparatus: RtcB repairs a tmRNA that rescues stalled ribosomes and increases translation elongation speed. Taken together, our data provide evidence for an expanded range for CARF domain signaling, including the first evidence of its control via in trans protein-protein interactions, and a feed-forward mechanism to regulate RNA repair required for a functioning translation apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maria Grazia Giuliano
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Milija Jovanovic
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jorrit Schaefer
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Fuzhou Ye
- Section of Structural Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Danai Athina Irakleidi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xiaojiao Liu
- Section of Structural Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Section of Structural Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin Buck
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christoph Engl
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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5
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Adaptive responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to treatment with antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 66:e0087821. [PMID: 34748386 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00878-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the highest priority pathogens for drug development, because of its resistance to antibiotics, extraordinary adaptability, and persistence. Anti-pseudomonal research is strongly encouraged to address the acute scarcity of innovative antimicrobial lead structures. In an effort to understand the physiological response of P. aeruginosa to clinically relevant antibiotics, we investigated the proteome after exposure to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, rifampicin, gentamicin, tobramycin, azithromycin, tigecycline, polymyxin B, colistin, ceftazidime, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam. We further investigated the response to CHIR-90, which represents a promising class of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis inhibitors currently under evaluation. Radioactive pulse-labeling of newly synthesized proteins followed by 2D-PAGE was used to monitor the acute response of P. aeruginosa to antibiotic treatment. The proteomic profiles provide insights into the cellular defense strategies for each antibiotic. A mathematical comparison of these response profiles based on upregulated marker proteins revealed similarities of responses to antibiotics acting on the same target area. This study provides insights into the effects of commonly used antibiotics on P. aeruginosa and lays the foundation for the comparative analysis of the impact of novel compounds with precedented and unprecedented modes of action.
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6
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Yang J, Han YH, Im J, Seo SW. Synthetic protein quality control to enhance full-length translation in bacteria. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:421-427. [PMID: 33542534 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Coupled transcription and translation processes in bacteria cause indiscriminate translation of intact and truncated messenger RNAs, inevitably generating nonfunctional polypeptides. Here, we devised a synthetic protein quality control (ProQC) system that enables translation only when both ends of mRNAs are present and followed by circularization based on sequence-specific RNA-RNA hybridization. We demonstrate that the ProQC system dramatically improved the fraction of full-length proteins among all synthesized polypeptides by selectively translating intact mRNA and reducing abortive translation. As a result, full-length protein synthesis increased up to 2.5-fold without changing the transcription or translation efficiency. Furthermore, we applied the ProQC system for 3-hydroxypropionic acid, violacein and lycopene production by ensuring full-length expression of enzymes in biosynthetic pathways, resulting in 1.6- to 2.3-fold greater biochemical production. We believe that our ProQC system can be universally applied to improve not only the quality of recombinant protein production but also efficiencies of metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Hee Han
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongwon Im
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Seo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Zarechenskaia AS, Sergiev PV, Osterman IA. Quality Control Mechanisms in Bacterial Translation. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:32-44. [PMID: 34377554 PMCID: PMC8327144 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome stalling during translation significantly reduces cell viability, because cells have to spend resources on the synthesis of new ribosomes. Therefore, all bacteria have developed various mechanisms of ribosome rescue. Usually, the release of ribosomes is preceded by hydrolysis of the tRNA-peptide bond, but, in some cases, the ribosome can continue translation thanks to the activity of certain factors. This review describes the mechanisms of ribosome rescue thanks to trans-translation and the activity of the ArfA, ArfB, BrfA, ArfT, HflX, and RqcP/H factors, as well as continuation of translation via the action of EF-P, EF-4, and EttA. Despite the ability of some systems to duplicate each other, most of them have their unique functional role, related to the quality control of bacterial translation in certain abnormalities caused by mutations, stress cultivation conditions, or antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Zarechenskaia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics and Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - P. V. Sergiev
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143028 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of functional genomics, Moscow, 119992 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - I. A. Osterman
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143028 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, 119992 Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Genetics and Life Sciences Research Center, Sochi, 354340 Russia
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8
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Fritze J, Zhang M, Luo Q, Lu X. An overview of the bacterial SsrA system modulating intracellular protein levels and activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5229-5241. [PMID: 32342145 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In bacteria, the truncated forms of mRNAs, which usually lack a stop codon, are occasionally generated by premature termination of gene transcription and/or endo- or exonucleolytic cleavage events. Ribosomes proceeding on these molecules stall at the 3' end of the chain and are rescued by a widely distributed mechanism known as trans-translation, which includes two essential elements, ssrA RNA (a special RNA) and SmpB (a small protein). Through this mechanism, the polypeptides translated from truncated mRNAs are marked by a short peptide, known as SsrA tag, at their C-termini and directed to the specific endogenous proteases for C-terminal proteolysis. Based on the deep understanding of the SsrA tagging and degradation mechanisms, recently a series of SsrA-based genetic tools have been developed for gene regulation on the level of post-translation. They are successfully applied for controllable regulation of biological circuits in bacteria. In the present article, we systematically summarize the history, structural characteristics, and functional mechanisms of the SsrA tagging and degrading machineries, as well as their technical uses and limitations.Key Points• SsrA system plays an important role in ribosome rescue in bacteria.• SsrA-based genetic tools are useful for controlling protein levels and activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Fritze
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Luo
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China. .,Marine Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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9
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Kumaran NAM, Karthik M, Kumar V, Jebasingh T, Munavar MH. Two new mutations in dnaJ suppress DNA damage hypersensitivity and capsule overproduction phenotypes of Δlon mutant of Escherichia coli by modulating the expression of clpYQ (hslUV) and rcsA genes. Gene 2020; 726:144135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Yamasaki R, Song S, Benedik MJ, Wood TK. Persister Cells Resuscitate Using Membrane Sensors that Activate Chemotaxis, Lower cAMP Levels, and Revive Ribosomes. iScience 2020; 23:100792. [PMID: 31926430 PMCID: PMC6957856 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence, the stress-tolerant state, is arguably the most vital phenotype since nearly all cells experience nutrient stress, which causes a sub-population to become dormant. However, how persister cells wake to reconstitute infections is not understood well. Here, using single-cell observations, we determined that Escherichia coli persister cells resuscitate primarily when presented with specific carbon sources, rather than spontaneously. In addition, we found that the mechanism of persister cell waking is through sensing nutrients by chemotaxis and phosphotransferase membrane proteins. Furthermore, nutrient transport reduces the level of secondary messenger cAMP through enzyme IIA; this reduction in cAMP levels leads to ribosome resuscitation and rescue. Resuscitating cells also immediately commence chemotaxis toward nutrients, although flagellar motion is not required for waking. Hence, persister cells wake by perceiving nutrients via membrane receptors that relay the signal to ribosomes via the secondary messenger cAMP, and persisters wake and utilize chemotaxis to acquire nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yamasaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-4400, USA
| | - Sooyeon Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-4400, USA
| | - Michael J Benedik
- Department of Biology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA
| | - Thomas K Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-4400, USA; The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-4400, USA.
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11
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Buskirk AR, Green R. Ribosome pausing, arrest and rescue in bacteria and eukaryotes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0183. [PMID: 28138069 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes translate genetic information into polypeptides in several basic steps: initiation, elongation, termination and recycling. When ribosomes are arrested during elongation or termination, the cell's capacity for protein synthesis is reduced. There are numerous quality control systems in place to distinguish between paused ribosomes that need some extra input to proceed and terminally stalled ribosomes that need to be rescued. Here, we discuss similarities and differences in the systems for resolution of pauses and rescue of arrested ribosomes in bacteria and eukaryotes, and how ribosome profiling has transformed our ability to decipher these molecular events.This article is part of the themed issue 'Perspectives on the ribosome'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen R Buskirk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Green
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Huter P, Müller C, Arenz S, Beckert B, Wilson DN. Structural Basis for Ribosome Rescue in Bacteria. Trends Biochem Sci 2017. [PMID: 28629612 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes that translate mRNAs lacking stop codons become stalled at the 3' end of the mRNA. Recycling of these stalled ribosomes is essential for cell viability. In bacteria three ribosome rescue systems have been identified so far, with the most ubiquitous and best characterized being the trans-translation system mediated by transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and small protein B (SmpB). The two additional rescue systems present in some bacteria employ alternative rescue factor (Arf) A and release factor (RF) 2 or ArfB. Recent structures have revealed how ArfA mediates ribosome rescue by recruiting the canonical termination factor RF2 to ribosomes stalled on truncated mRNAs. This now provides us with the opportunity to compare and contrast the available structures of all three bacterial ribosome rescue systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Huter
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Feodor-Lynenstr. 25, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Claudia Müller
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Feodor-Lynenstr. 25, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Stefan Arenz
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Feodor-Lynenstr. 25, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Bertrand Beckert
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Feodor-Lynenstr. 25, 81377 München, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel N Wilson
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Feodor-Lynenstr. 25, 81377 München, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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13
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14
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Kurita D, Chadani Y, Muto A, Abo T, Himeno H. ArfA recognizes the lack of mRNA in the mRNA channel after RF2 binding for ribosome rescue. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13339-52. [PMID: 25355516 PMCID: PMC4245945 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although trans-translation mediated by tmRNA-SmpB has long been known as the sole system to relieve bacterial stalled ribosomes, ArfA has recently been identified as an alternative factor for ribosome rescue in Escherichia coli. This process requires hydrolysis of nascent peptidyl-tRNA by RF2, which usually acts as a stop codon-specific peptide release factor. It poses a fascinating question of how ArfA and RF2 recognize and rescue the stalled ribosome. Here, we mapped the location of ArfA in the stalled ribosome by directed hydroxyl radical probing. It revealed an ArfA-binding site around the neck region of the 30S subunit in which the N- and C-terminal regions of ArfA are close to the decoding center and the mRNA entry channel, respectively. ArfA and RF2 sequentially enter the ribosome stalled in either the middle or 3′ end of mRNA, whereas RF2 induces a productive conformational change of ArfA only when ribosome is stalled at the 3′ end of mRNA. On the basis of these results, we propose that ArfA functions as the sensor to recognize the target ribosome after RF2 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kurita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yuhei Chadani
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akira Muto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Abo
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hyouta Himeno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
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Wesolowska MT, Richter-Dennerlein R, Lightowlers RN, Chrzanowska-Lightowlers ZMA. Overcoming stalled translation in human mitochondria. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:374. [PMID: 25101074 PMCID: PMC4103422 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is central to life and maintaining a highly accurate and efficient mechanism is essential. What happens when a translating ribosome stalls on a messenger RNA? Many highly intricate processes have been documented in the cytosol of numerous species, but how does organellar protein synthesis resolve this stalling issue? Mammalian mitochondria synthesize just thirteen highly hydrophobic polypeptides. These proteins are all integral components of the machinery that couples oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently, it is essential that stalled mitochondrial ribosomes can be efficiently recycled. To date, there is no evidence to support any particular molecular mechanism to resolve this problem. However, here we discuss the observation that there are four predicted members of the mitochondrial translation release factor family and that only one member, mtRF1a, is necessary to terminate the translation of all thirteen open reading frames in the mitochondrion. Could the other members be involved in the process of recycling stalled mitochondrial ribosomes?
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zofia M. A. Chrzanowska-Lightowlers
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Medical SchoolNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
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