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Zhao JJ, Zhang YF, Zhao TL, Li H, Yao QZ, Fu SQ, Zhou GT. Abiotic Formation of Calcium Oxalate under UV Irradiation and Implications for Biomarker Detection on Mars. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:35-48. [PMID: 35020413 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A major objective in the exploration of Mars is to test the hypothesis that the planet has ever hosted life. Biogenic compounds, especially biominerals, are believed to serve as biomarkers in Raman-assisted remote sensing missions. However, the prerequisite for the development of these minerals as biomarkers is the uniqueness of their biogenesis. Herein, tetragonal bipyramidal weddellite, a type of calcium oxalate, is successfully achieved by UV-photolyzing pyruvic acid (PA). The as-prepared products are identified and characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Persistent mineralization of weddellite is observed with altering key experimental parameters, including pH, Ca2+ and PA concentrations. In particular, the initial concentration of PA can significantly influence the morphology of weddellite crystal. Oxalate acid is commonly of biological origin; thus calcium oxalate is considered to be a biomarker. However, our results reveal that calcium oxalate can be harvested by a UV photolysis pathway. Moreover, prebiotic sources of organics (e.g., PA, glycine, alanine, and aspartic acid) have been proven to be available through abiotic pathways. Therefore, our results may provide a new abiotic pathway of calcium oxalate formation. Considering that calcium oxalate minerals have been taken as biosignatures for the origin and early evolution of life on Earth and astrobiological investigations, its formation and accumulation by the photolysis of abiological organic compounds should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Han Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Zhi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Quan Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Gen-Tao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
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2
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Rajalakshmi A, Ramesh M, Divya E, Kavitha K, Puvanakrishnan R, Ramesh B. Production and characterization of naturally occurring antibacterial magnetite nanoparticles from magnetotactic Bacillus sp. MTB17. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2683-2693. [PMID: 34859544 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study envisaged the isolation and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) from magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) and the evaluation of their antibacterial efficacy. METHODS AND RESULTS MNPs were extracted from 20 motile but morphologically different MTB, and they were subjected to antibacterial activity assay. These MNPs were found to be highly effective against Vibrio cholerae. MTB17 was considered as the potent MTB strain based on the antibacterial activity. The MNPs of MTB17 were isolated and validated by UV-Visible spectroscopy, particle size analysis, FTIR analysis, and PXRD. CONCLUSIONS Isolation and characterization of ~85 nm MNPs from MTB is reported, and it is highly active against all the gram-positive and gram-negative strains tested. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study focuses on a novel use of biogenic magnetite MNPs as an antibacterial agent, which can be further explored using in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Rajalakshmi
- Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manickam Ramesh
- Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ellappan Divya
- Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuppuswamy Kavitha
- Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rengarajulu Puvanakrishnan
- Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Ramesh
- Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Pan H, Dong Y, Teng Z, Li J, Zhang W, Xiao T, Wu LF. A species of magnetotactic deltaproteobacterium was detected at the highest abundance during an algal bloom. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5681391. [PMID: 31855240 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of microorganisms that have the ability to synthesize intracellular magnetic crystals (magnetosomes). They prefer microaerobic or anaerobic aquatic sediments. Thus, there is growing interest in their ecological roles in various habitats. In this study we found co-occurrence of a large rod-shaped deltaproteobacterial magnetotactic bacterium (tentatively named LR-1) in the sediment of a brackish lagoon with algal bloom. Electron microscopy observations showed that they were ovoid to slightly curved rods having a mean length of 6.3 ± 1.1 μm and a mean width of 4.1 ± 0.4 μm. Each cell had a single polar flagellum. They contained hundreds of bullet-shaped intracellular magnetite magnetosomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were most closely related to Desulfamplus magnetovallimortis strain BW-1, and belonged to the Deltaproteobacteria. Our findings indicate that LR-1 may be a new species of MTB. We propose that deltaproteobacterial MTB may play an important role in iron cycling and so may represent a reservoir of iron, and be an indicator species for monitoring algal blooms in such eutrophic ecosystems. These observations provide new clues to the cultivation of magnetotactic Deltaproteobacteria and the control of algal blooms, although further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaojie Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Beitucheng Western Road, Beijing, 100029, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,LCB, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille, 13402, France
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4
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Chen H, Zhang SD, Chen L, Cai Y, Zhang WJ, Song T, Wu LF. Efficient Genome Editing of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 by CRISPR-Cas9 System for Analyzing Magnetotactic Behavior. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1569. [PMID: 30065707 PMCID: PMC6056624 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a diverse group of microorganisms capable of using geomagnetic fields for navigation. This magnetotactic behavior can help microorganisms move toward favorable habitats for optimal growth and reproduction. A comprehensive understanding of the magnetotactic mechanism at molecular levels requires highly efficient genomic editing tools, which remain underdeveloped in MTB. Here, we adapted an engineered CRISPR-Cas9 system for efficient inactivation of genes in a widely used MTB model strain, Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1. By combining a nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) and single-guide RNA (sgRNA), a CRISPR interference system was successfully developed to repress amb0994 expression. Furthermore, we constructed an in-frame deletion mutant of amb0994 by developing a CRISPR-Cas9 system. This mutant produces normal magnetosomes; however, its response to abrupt magnetic field reversals is faster than wild-type strain. This behavioral difference is probably a consequence of altered flagella function, as suggested with our dynamics simulation study by modeling M. magneticum AMB-1 cell as an ellipsoid. These data indicate that, Amb0994 is involved in the cellular response to magnetic torque changes via controlling flagella. In summary, this study, besides contributing to a better understanding of magnetotaxis mechanism, demonstrated the CRISPR-(d)Cas9 system as a useful genetic tool for efficient genome editing in MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Da Zhang
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China
- Deep-Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Department of Deep Sea Sciences, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Linjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jia Zhang
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China
- Deep-Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Department of Deep Sea Sciences, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Tao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LCB, Marseille, France
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5
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Everett J, Collingwood JF, Tjendana-Tjhin V, Brooks J, Lermyte F, Plascencia-Villa G, Hands-Portman I, Dobson J, Perry G, Telling ND. Nanoscale synchrotron X-ray speciation of iron and calcium compounds in amyloid plaque cores from Alzheimer's disease subjects. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11782-11796. [PMID: 29688240 PMCID: PMC6034173 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06794a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Altered metabolism of biometals in the brain is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease, and biometal interactions with amyloid-β are linked to amyloid plaque formation. Iron-rich aggregates, including evidence for the mixed-valence iron oxide magnetite, are associated with amyloid plaques. To test the hypothesis that increased chemical reduction of iron, as observed in vitro in the presence of aggregating amyloid-β, may occur at sites of amyloid plaque formation in the human brain, the nanoscale distribution and physicochemical states of biometals, particularly iron, were characterised in isolated amyloid plaque cores from human Alzheimer's disease cases using synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy. In situ X-ray magnetic circular dichroism revealed the presence of magnetite: a finding supported by ptychographic observation of an iron oxide crystal with the morphology of biogenic magnetite. The exceptional sensitivity and specificity of X-ray spectromicroscopy, combining chemical and magnetic probes, allowed enhanced differentiation of the iron oxides phases present. This facilitated the discovery and speciation of ferrous-rich phases and lower oxidation state phases resembling zero-valent iron as well as magnetite. Sequestered calcium was discovered in two distinct mineral forms suggesting a dynamic process of amyloid plaque calcification in vivo. The range of iron oxidation states present and the direct observation of biogenic magnetite provide unparalleled support for the hypothesis that chemical reduction of iron arises in conjunction with the formation of amyloid plaques. These new findings raise challenging questions about the relative impacts of amyloid-β aggregation, plaque formation, and disrupted metal homeostasis on the oxidative burden observed in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Everett
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine
, Thornburrow Drive
, Keele University
,
Staffordshire
, ST4 7QB
, UK
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Joanna F. Collingwood
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
, University of Florida
,
Gainesville
, FL 32611
, USA
| | - Vindy Tjendana-Tjhin
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Jake Brooks
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy. The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA)
,
San Antonio
, TX
78249
, USA
| | - Ian Hands-Portman
- School of Life Sciences
, Gibbet Hill Campus
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
| | - Jon Dobson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
, University of Florida
,
Gainesville
, FL 32611
, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
, Institute for Cell and Tissue Science & Engineering
, University of Florida
,
Gainesville
, FL 32611
, USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and UTSA Neurosciences Institute. The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA)
,
San Antonio
, TX
78249
, USA
| | - Neil D. Telling
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine
, Thornburrow Drive
, Keele University
,
Staffordshire
, ST4 7QB
, UK
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6
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Lin W, Pan Y, Bazylinski DA. Diversity and ecology of and biomineralization by magnetotactic bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:345-356. [PMID: 28557300 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) biomineralize intracellular, membrane-bounded crystals of magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) and/or greigite (Fe3 S4 ) called magnetosomes. MTB play important roles in the geochemical cycling of iron, sulfur, nitrogen and carbon. Significantly, they also represent an intriguing model system not just for the study of microbial biomineralization but also for magnetoreception, prokaryotic organelle formation and microbial biogeography. Here we review current knowledge on the ecology of and biomineralization by MTB, with an emphasis on more recent reports of unexpected ecological and phylogenetic findings regarding MTB. In this study, we conducted a search of public metagenomic databases and identified six novel magnetosome gene cluster-containing genomic fragments affiliated with the Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria classes of the Proteobacteria phylum, the Nitrospirae phylum and the Planctomycetes phylum from the deep subseafloor, marine oxygen minimum zone, groundwater biofilm and estuary sediment, thereby extending our knowledge on the diversity and distribution of MTB as well deriving important information as to their ecophysiology. We point out that the increasing availability of sequence data will facilitate researchers to systematically explore the ecology and biomineralization of MTB even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dennis A Bazylinski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4004, USA
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7
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Ali I, Peng C, Khan ZM, Naz I. Yield cultivation of magnetotactic bacteria and magnetosomes: A review. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:643-652. [PMID: 28464298 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) have started to be employed for the biosynthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, due to the rapidly increasing demand for nanoparticles in biomedical, biotechnology and environmental protection. MBT are the group of prokaryotes that have the ability to produce bio-magnetic minerals or bio-magnetic crystals of either magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) or greigite (Fe3 S4 ) in numerous shapes and size ranges, known as magnetosomes (MS). MS compel MTB to respond to the applied external magnetic field. However, it is extremely difficult to grow MTB and produce high yield of MS under artificial environmental conditions, thus creating a major hurdle to relocate MTB technology from laboratory scale to industrial or commercial level. Therefore, to best of our knowledge this review is the first attempt to highlight existing research developments about the laboratory scale and mass production of MS by MTB. Moreover, the optimum culture media and environmental conditions used for the cultivation of MTB were also considered. Finally, future research is encouraged for the improvement of MS yield which will result in the development of advanced nanotechnology/magnetotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changsheng Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zahid M Khan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Naz
- Department of Biology, Scientific Unit, Deanship of Educational services, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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8
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Leão P, Chen YR, Abreu F, Wang M, Zhang WJ, Zhou K, Xiao T, Wu LF, Lins U. Ultrastructure of ellipsoidal magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes depicts their complex assemblage and cellular polarity in the context of magnetotaxis. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2151-2163. [PMID: 28120460 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes (MMPs) consist of unique microorganisms formed by genetically identical Gram-negative bacterial that live as a single individual capable of producing magnetic nano-particles called magnetosomes. Two distinct morphotypes of MMPs are known: spherical MMPs (sMMPs) and ellipsoidal MMPs (eMMPs). sMMPs have been extensively characterized, but less information exists for eMMPs. Here, we report the ultrastructure and organization as well as gene clusters responsible for magnetosome and flagella biosynthesis in the magnetite magnetosome producer eMMP Candidatus Magnetananas rongchenensis. Transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) 3D reconstruction reveal that cells with a conspicuous core-periphery polarity were organized around a central space. Magnetosomes were organized in multiple chains aligned along the periphery of each cell. In the partially sequenced genome, magnetite-related mamAB gene and mad gene clusters were identified. Two cell morphologies were detected: irregular elliptical conical 'frustum-like' (IECF) cells and H-shaped cells. IECF cells merge to form H-shaped cells indicating a more complex structure and possibly a distinct evolutionary position of eMMPs when compared with sMMPs considering multicellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Leão
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Yi-Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, France
| | - Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Jia Zhang
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Deep Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, France
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France
| | - Ulysses Lins
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
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