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Gaglani P, Dwivedi M, Upadhyay TK, Kaushal RS, Ahmad I, Saeed M. A pro-oxidant property of vitamin C to overcome the burden of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: A cross-talk review with Fenton reaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1152269. [PMID: 37153159 PMCID: PMC10155705 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1152269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacillus M. tuberculosis, is one of the deadliest infectious illnesses of our day, along with HIV and malaria.Chemotherapy, the cornerstone of TB control efforts, is jeopardized by the advent of M. tuberculosis strains resistant to many, if not all, of the existing medications.Isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol are used to treat drug-susceptible TB for two months, followed by four months of INH and RIF, but chemotherapy with potentially harmful side effects is sometimes needed to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB for up to two years. Chemotherapy might be greatly shortened by drugs that kill M. tuberculosis more quickly while simultaneously limiting the emergence of drug resistance.Regardless of their intended target, bactericidal medicines commonly kill pathogenic bacteria (gram-negative and gram-positive) by producing hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction.Researchers have concentrated on vitamins with bactericidal properties to address the rising cases globally and have discovered that these vitamins are effective when given along with first-line drugs. The presence of elevated iron content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and DNA damage all contributed to VC's sterilizing action on M. tb in vitro. Moreover, it has a pleiotropic effect on a variety of biological processes such as detoxification, protein folding - chaperons, cell wall processes, information pathways, regulatory, virulence, metabolism etc.In this review report, the authors extensively discussed the effects of VC on M. tb., such as the generation of free radicals and bactericidal mechanisms with existing treatments, and their further drug development based on ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikkumar Gaglani
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Biophysics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Center of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Center of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Kaushal
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Biophysics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Center of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- *Correspondence: Radhey Shyam Kaushal, ; Mohd Saeed,
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Radhey Shyam Kaushal, ; Mohd Saeed,
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Patti G, Pellegrino C, Ricciardi A, Novara R, Cotugno S, Papagni R, Guido G, Totaro V, De Iaco G, Romanelli F, Stolfa S, Minardi ML, Ronga L, Fato I, Lattanzio R, Bavaro DF, Gualano G, Sarmati L, Saracino A, Palmieri F, Di Gennaro F. Potential Role of Vitamins A, B, C, D and E in TB Treatment and Prevention: A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1354. [PMID: 34827292 PMCID: PMC8614960 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's top infectious killers, in fact every year 10 million people fall ill with TB and 1.5 million people die from TB. Vitamins have an important role in vital functions, due to their anti-oxidant, pro-oxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and to metabolic functions. The aim of this review is to discuss and summarize the evidence and still open questions regarding vitamin supplementation as a prophylactic measure in those who are at high risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and active TB; (2) Methods: We conducted a search on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and WHO websites starting from March 1950 to September 2021, in order to identify articles discussing the role of Vitamins A, B, C, D and E and Tuberculosis; (3) Results: Supplementation with multiple micronutrients (including zinc) rather than vitamin A alone may be more beneficial in TB. The WHO recommend Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) when high-dose isoniazid is administered. High concentrations of vitamin C sterilize drug-susceptible, MDR and extensively drug-resistant MTB cultures and prevent the emergence of drug persisters; Vitamin D suppresses the replication of mycobacterium in vitro while VE showed a promising role in TB management as a result of its connection with oxidative balance; (4) Conclusions: Our review suggests and encourages the use of vitamins in TB patients. In fact, their use may improve outcomes by helping both nutritionally and by interacting directly and/or indirectly with MTB. Several and more comprehensive trials are needed to reinforce these suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Patti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Carmen Pellegrino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Aurelia Ricciardi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Roberta Novara
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Sergio Cotugno
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Roberta Papagni
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Giacomo Guido
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Valentina Totaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppina De Iaco
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Federica Romanelli
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (S.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Stefania Stolfa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (S.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Maria Letizia Minardi
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Hospital “Tor Vergata”, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy; (M.L.M.); (I.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Luigi Ronga
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (S.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Ilenia Fato
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Hospital “Tor Vergata”, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy; (M.L.M.); (I.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Rossana Lattanzio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Davide Fiore Bavaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Gina Gualano
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Hospital “Tor Vergata”, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy; (M.L.M.); (I.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Di Gennaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
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Song N, Zhu Y, Cui Y, Lv M, Tang Y, Cui Z, Dang G, Zheng H, Liu S. Vitamin B and Vitamin C Affect DNA Methylation and Amino Acid Metabolism in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 32390998 PMCID: PMC7188828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are essential nutrients and key cofactors of enzymes that regulate cellular metabolism, and also activate the immune system. Recent studies have shown that vitamin B1 (VB 1) and vitamin C (Vc) can inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth, but the precise mechanism is still not well understood. In the present study, we have used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to analyze the transcriptional, metabolic and methylation profiles of Mycobacterium bovis BCG when treated with VB 1 and Vc. Our results show that, after vitamin treatment, variant metabolites were mainly clustered in pathways related to amino acid metabolism. Treatment with both vitamins significantly up-regulated the gene encoding cysteine synthase A. Additionally, only BCG that was treated with VC showed m4c modifications. Genes harboring this methylation were up-regulated, suggesting that m4c methylation can promote gene transcription to some extent. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the effects of VB 1 and VC, and suggests that these vitamins constitute potential anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yiyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghui Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Trutneva KA, Shleeva MO, Demina GR, Vostroknutova GN, Kaprelyans AS. One-Year Old Dormant, "Non-culturable" Mycobacterium tuberculosis Preserves Significantly Diverse Protein Profile. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:26. [PMID: 32117801 PMCID: PMC7025520 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For adaptation to stressful conditions, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is prone to transit to a dormant, non-replicative state, which is believed to be the basis of the latent form of tuberculosis infection. Dormant bacteria persist in the host for a long period without multiplication, cannot be detected from biological samples by microbiological methods, however, their "non-culturable" state is reversible. Mechanisms supporting very long capacity of mycobacteria for resuscitation and further multiplication after prolonged survival in a dormant phase remain unclear. Using methods of 2D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analysis, in this study we characterized changes in the proteomic profile of Mtb stored for more than a year as dormant, non-replicating cells with a negligible metabolic activity, full resistance to antibiotics, and altered morphology (ovoid forms). Despite some protein degradation, the proteome of 1-year-old dormant mycobacteria retained numerous intact proteins. Their protein profile differed profoundly from that of metabolically active cells, but was similar to the proteome of the 4-month-old dormant bacteria. Such protein stability is likely to be due to the presence of a significant number of enzymes involved in the protection from oxidative stress (katG/Rv1908, sodA/Rv3846, sodC/Rv0432, bpoC/Rv0554), as well as chaperones (dnaJ1/Rv0352, htpG/Rv2299, groEL2/Rv0440, dnaK/Rv0350, groES/Rv3418, groEL1/Rv3417, HtpG/Rv2299c, hspX/Rv2031), and DNA-stabilizing proteins. In addition, dormant cells proteome contains enzymes involved in specific metabolic pathways (glycolytic reactions, shortened TCA cycle, degradative processes) potentially providing a low-level metabolism, or these proteins could be "frozen" for usage in the reactivation process before biosynthetic processes start. The observed stability of proteins in a dormant state could be a basis for the long-term preservation of Mtb cell vitality and hence for latent tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya A Trutneva
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita O Shleeva
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina R Demina
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina N Vostroknutova
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arseny S Kaprelyans
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Song N, Li Z, Cui Z, Chen L, Cui Y, Dang G, Li Z, Li H, Liu S. The prominent alteration in transcriptome and metabolome of Mycobacterium bovis BCG str. Tokyo 172 induced by vitamin B 1. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:104. [PMID: 31117936 PMCID: PMC6530141 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B1 (VB1) is a crucial dietary nutrient and essential cofactor for several key enzymes in the regulation of cellular and metabolic processes, and more importantly in the activation of immune system. To date, the precise role of VB1 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains to be fully understood. RESULTS In this study, the transcriptional and metabolic profiles of VB1-treated Mycobacterium. bovis BCG were analyzed by RNA-sequencing and LC-MS (Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry). The selection of BCG strain was based on its common physiological features shared with M. tuberculosis. The results of cell growth assays demonstrated that VB1 inhibited the BCG growth rate in vitro. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes related to fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, glycolipid catabolism, DNA replication, protein translation, cell division and cell wall formation were significantly downregulated in M. bovis BCG treated with VB1. In addition, the metabolomics LC-MS data indicated that most of the amino acids and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were decreased in M. bovis BCG strain after VB1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the molecular and metabolic bases to understand the impacts of VB1 on M.bovis BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghui Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Yew WW, Chang KC, Chan DP, Zhang Y. Can vitamin C help in managing tuberculosis associated with diabetes mellitus? Respirology 2019; 24:819-820. [PMID: 31106929 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Wai Yew
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Chiu Chang
- Department of Health, Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong, China
| | - Denise P Chan
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Vitamin C: A Natural Inhibitor of Cell Wall Functions and Stress Response in Mycobacteria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 30637707 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has re-emerged as a threat to human race. Conventional antibiotic treatments are failing due to different stress response strategies adopted by bacterial pathogens. Since time immemorial, Vitamin C is known to protect against pathogens by boosting immunity in humans. Recently, Vitamin C has been shown to directly kill M. tuberculosis including multiple drug-resistant strains by generation of oxidative radicals through Fenton's reaction. Concurrently, it inhibits (p)ppGpp-mediated stringent response thus effectively shutting down long-term survival and persistence in mycobacteria. Here, we have discussed historical perspective and recent evidences on Vitamin C-mediated inhibition of several key pathways of M. tuberculosis such as (p)ppGpp synthesis and mycobacterial cell wall function. Several cell wall components including mycolic acids are critical for mycobacterial virulence. We observed downregulation of various mycolic acids in M. smegmatis upon treatment with Vitamin C, and data have been presented here. Vitamin C has been shown to inhibit the biofilm growth as well as disrupt the formed biofilm in mycobacteria. Additionally, Vitamin C role in cell-mediated and humoral immunity has been elucidated. Vitamin C is toxic at high concentration; therefore we have proposed the idea of derivatizing Vitamin C in order to lower the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) necessary to target M. tuberculosis.
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Pei Z, Wu K, Li Z, Li C, Zeng L, Li F, Pei N, Liu H, Zhang SL, Song YZ, Zhang X, Xu J, Fan XY, Wang J. Pharmacologic ascorbate as a pro-drug for hydrogen peroxide release to kill mycobacteria. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2119-2127. [PMID: 30551469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tuberculosis is one of the most highly fatal diseases worldwide, and one-third of the world's population has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). A previous study showed that M. tuberculosis was highly susceptible to being killed by ascorbate (i.e. vitamin C, VC), but the molecular mechanisms of the bactericidal activity of VC against M. tuberculosis are still not well understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We assayed the effects of VC as an anti-tuberculosis drug against mycobacteria (i.e. M. bovis BCG or M. tuberculosis H37Rv) in macrophages (i.e. RAW 264.7 cells). Relative global protein expression changes in 5 mM VC-treated and control samples of H37Rv were investigated by Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis. qRT-PCR was also used to measure the differential expression of six intracellular stress response mycobacteria genes. KEY RESULTS Quantitative proteomic analysis showed that 11 peptide components including rip3, fdxA, Rv2028c, mtp, LH57_00670, hspX, pfkB, Rv1824, Rv1813c, LH57_08410 and Rv2030c were up-regulated and 17 peptide components were down-regulated in 5 mM VC-treated H37Rv compared with the control samples. qRT-PCR also verified that VC could induce the expression of six genes (hsp, fdxD, furA, devR, hspX, and dnaB) in BCG and H37Rv. We also found that exosomes from RAW 264.7 cells treated with pharmacologic VC could kill M. bovis BCG in vitro. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrated that the bactericidal activity of VC against mycobacteria, as a pro-drug for hydrogen peroxide formation (H2O2), was dependent on reactive oxygen species production and the activated oxidative stress pathway, which suggested that pharmaceutical VC and exosomes from macrophages treated with VC could be used as potential anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglin Pei
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respirology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Pei
- TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Lin Zhang
- TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Zheng Song
- TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Fan
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China; TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China.
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Trutneva K, Shleeva M, Nikitushkin V, Demina G, Kaprelyants A. Protein Composition of Mycobacterium smegmatis Differs Significantly Between Active Cells and Dormant Cells With Ovoid Morphology. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2083. [PMID: 30233550 PMCID: PMC6131537 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria are able to form dormant cells, which survive for a long time without multiplication. The molecular mechanisms behind prolonged survival of dormant cells are not fully described. In particular, little information is known on biochemical processes which might take place in cells under dormancy. To gain insight into this problem, Mycobacterium smegmatis cells in deep dormant state were obtained after gradual acidification of the growth medium in prolonged stationary phase followed by 1 month of storage at room temperature. Such cells were characterized by low metabolic activity, including respiration, resistance to antibiotics, and altered morphology. The protein composition of cytoplasm and membrane fractions obtained from active and dormant cells were compared by 2D electrophoresis. Almost half of the proteins found in the proteome of dormant cells were absent in that of active cells. This result differs significantly from published results obtained in other studies employing different models of mycobacterium dormancy. This discrepancy could be explained by a deeper dormancy developed in the present model. A feature of a “dormant proteome” is high representation of enzymes involved in glycolysis and defense systems that inactivate or detoxify reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, aldehydes, and oxidized lipids. Dormant mycobacteria are enriched by degradative enzymes, which could eliminate damaged molecules, or the products of such degradation could be reutilized by the cell during prolonged storage. We suggest that some enzymes in dormant cells are inactive, having been used upon transition to the dormant state, or proteins stored in dormant cells for further cell reactivation. At the same time, some proteins could be functional and play roles in maintenance of cell metabolism, albeit at a very slow rate. This study provides a clue as to which biochemical processes could be active under dormancy to ensure long-term viability of dormant mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Trutneva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Shleeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Nikitushkin
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Demina
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arseny Kaprelyants
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Golonka I, Oleksy M, Junka A, Matera-Witkiewicz A, Bartoszewicz M, Musiał W. Selected Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Ethyl Ascorbic Acid Compared to Ascorbic Acid. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:1199-1206. [PMID: 28769001 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the work was the evaluation of selected biological and physicochemical, applicative properties of ethylated ascorbic acid (AAE) compared to ascorbic acid (AA). Thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were conducted, followed by the evaluation of AAE decomposition by the UV-Vis spectroscopic method including the influence of temperature and pH. Scavenging, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against L929 fibroblasts were also performed. The difference in mass loss between AA and AAE was 30% via TG. DTA revealed characteristic exothermic and endothermic effects. The AAE solution was more thermally stable than AA. The calculated zero-order rate constants of free-radical scavenging kinetics for AAE were in the range of 4.9×10-3-1.35×10-2 s-1. The activation energy for the process was 11,2281 kJ/mol. AAE was active against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and Enterococcus (E.) faecalis and acted stronger against Candida (C.) albicans than AA. The concentrations of AA ≥2.5% were cytotoxic, whereas in the case of AAE, a 10% concentration was considered cytotoxic. DTG enables the detailed differentiation between AA and AAE. AAE in aqueous solution is more stable compared to AA. The antioxidant activity of AAE is significant. However, the reaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) indicates prolonged activity compared to AA. Variability in the antimicrobial activity of AAE may find practical application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The potential for applicative aims may be supported by the relatively low in vitro toxicity of AAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Golonka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Silesian Piasts Wrocław Medical University
| | - Monika Oleksy
- Screening Laboratory of Biological Activity Test and Collection of Biological Material, Silesian Piasts Wrocław Medical University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Silesian Piasts Wrocław Medical University
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Silesian Piasts Wrocław Medical University
| | - Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz
- Screening Laboratory of Biological Activity Test and Collection of Biological Material, Silesian Piasts Wrocław Medical University
| | - Marzenna Bartoszewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Silesian Piasts Wrocław Medical University
| | - Witold Musiał
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Silesian Piasts Wrocław Medical University
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12
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Global proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics indicate novel mechanisms of vitamin C induced dormancy in Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Proteomics 2018; 180:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Akhter Y, Thakur S. Targets of ubiquitin like system in mycobacteria and related actinobacterial species. Microbiol Res 2017; 204:9-29. [PMID: 28870295 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein turnover and recycling is a prerequisite in all living organisms to maintain normal cellular physiology. Many bacteria are proteasome deficient but they possess typical protease enzymes for carrying out protein turnover. However, several groups of actinobacteria such as mycobacteria harbor both proteasome and proteases. In these bacteria, for cellular protein turnover the target proteins undergo post-translational modification referred as pupylation in which a small protein Pup (prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein) is tagged to the specific lysine residues of the target proteins and after that those target proteins undergo proteasomal degradation. Thus, Pup serves as a degradation signal, helps in directing proteins toward the bacterial proteasome for a turnover. Although the Pup-proteasome system has a multifaceted role in environmental stresses, pathogenicity and regulation of cellular signaling, but the fate of all types of pupylation such as mono and polypupylation on the proteins is still not completely understood. In this review, we present the mechanisms involved in the activation and conjugation of Pup to the target proteins, describing the structural sketch of pupylation and fundamental differences between the eukaryotic ubiquitin-proteasome and bacterial Pup-proteasome systems. We are also presenting a concise classification and cataloging of the complete battery of experimentally identified Pup-substrates from various species of actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Akhter
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India.
| | - Shweta Thakur
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
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