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Malla MA, Ansari FA, Bux F, Kumari S. Re-vitalizing wastewater: Nutrient recovery and carbon capture through microbe-algae synergy using omics-biology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119439. [PMID: 38901811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Increasing amounts of wastewater is the most pervasive and challenging environmental problem globally. Conventional treatment methods are costly and entail huge energy, carbon consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Owing to their unique ability of carbon capturing and resource recovery, microalgae-microbiome based treatment is a potential approach and is widely used for carbon-neutral wastewater treatment. Microalgae-bacteria synergy (i.e., the functionally beneficial microbial synthetic communities) performs better and enhances carbon-sequestration and nutrient recovery from wastewater treatment plants. This review presents a comprehensive information regarding the potential of microalgae-microbiome as a sustainable agent for wastewater and discusses synergistic approaches for effective nutrient removal. Moreover, this review discusses, the role of omics-biology and Insilco approaches in unravelling and understanding the algae-microbe synergism and their response toward wastewater treatment. Finally, it discusses various microbiome engineering approaches for developing the effective microalgae-bacteria partners for carbon sequestration and nutrient recovery from wastewater, and summarizes future research perspectives on microalgae-microbiome based bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Ahmad Malla
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Faiz Ahmad Ansari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
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2
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Nebauer DJ, Pearson LA, Neilan BA. Critical steps in an environmental metaproteomics workflow. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16637. [PMID: 38760994 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Environmental metaproteomics is a rapidly advancing field that provides insights into the structure, dynamics, and metabolic activity of microbial communities. As the field is still maturing, it lacks consistent workflows, making it challenging for non-expert researchers to navigate. This review aims to introduce the workflow of environmental metaproteomics. It outlines the standard practices for sample collection, processing, and analysis, and offers strategies to overcome the unique challenges presented by common environmental matrices such as soil, freshwater, marine environments, biofilms, sludge, and symbionts. The review also highlights the bottlenecks in data analysis that are specific to metaproteomics samples and provides suggestions for researchers to obtain high-quality datasets. It includes recent benchmarking studies and descriptions of software packages specifically built for metaproteomics analysis. The article is written without assuming the reader's familiarity with single-organism proteomic workflows, making it accessible to those new to proteomics or mass spectrometry in general. This primer for environmental metaproteomics aims to improve accessibility to this exciting technology and empower researchers to tackle challenging and ambitious research questions. While it is primarily a resource for those new to the field, it should also be useful for established researchers looking to streamline or troubleshoot their metaproteomics experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Nebauer
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Australian Research Council, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leanne A Pearson
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Australian Research Council, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett A Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Australian Research Council, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Maucourt F, Cébron A, Budzinski H, Le Menach K, Peluhet L, Czarnes S, Melayah D, Chapulliot D, Vallon L, Plassart G, Hugoni M, Fraissinet-Tachet L. Prokaryotic, Microeukaryotic, and Fungal Composition in a Long-Term Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Contaminated Brownfield. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1696-1708. [PMID: 36646913 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are recognized as persistent organic pollutants and accumulate in organisms, soils, waters, and sediments, causing major health and ecological perturbations. Literature reported PCB bio-transformation by fungi and bacteria in vitro, but data about the in situ impact of those compounds on microbial communities remained scarce while being useful to guide biotransformation assays. The present work investigated for the first time microbial diversity from the three-domains-of-life in a long-term contaminated brownfield (a former factory land). Soil samples were ranked according to their PCB concentrations, and a significant increase in abundance was shown according to increased concentrations. Microbial communities structure showed a segregation from the least to the most PCB-polluted samples. Among the identified microorganisms, Bacteria belonging to Gammaproteobacteria class, as well as Fungi affiliated to Saccharomycetes class or Pleurotaceae family, including some species known to transform some PCBs were abundantly retrieved in the highly polluted soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Maucourt
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- ENVISOL, 2-4 Rue Hector Berlioz, 38110, La Tour du Pin, France
| | - Aurélie Cébron
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, 54000, Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Czarnes
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Delphine Melayah
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240 Microbiologie Adaptation Et Pathogénie, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Chapulliot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Vallon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gaël Plassart
- ENVISOL, 2-4 Rue Hector Berlioz, 38110, La Tour du Pin, France
| | - Mylène Hugoni
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240 Microbiologie Adaptation Et Pathogénie, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Laurence Fraissinet-Tachet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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4
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Liu MK, Tang YM, Liu CY, Tian XH, Zhang JW, Fan XL, Jiang KF, Ni XL, Zhang XY. Variation in microbiological heterogeneity in Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu fermentation for four representative varieties of sorghum. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 397:110212. [PMID: 37084618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The quality and composition of strong-flavor Baijiu (SFB), a type of Chinese liquor, depends on the variety of sorghum used in fermentation. However, comprehensive in situ studies measuring the effects sorghum varieties on the fermentation are lacking and the underlying microbial mechanisms remains poorly understood. We studied the in situ fermentation of SFB by using metagenomic, metaproteomic, and metabolomic techniques across four sorghum varieties. Sensory characteristics were best for SFB made from glutinous variety Luzhouhong, followed by glutinous hybrid Jinnuoliang and Jinuoliang, and those made with non-glutinous Dongzajiao. In agreement with sensory evaluations, the volatile composition of SFB samples differed between sorghum varieties (P < 0.05). Fermentation of different sorghum varieties varied in microbial diversity, structure, volatile compounds, and physicochemical properties (pH, temperature, starch, reducing sugar, and moisture) (P < 0.05), with most changes occurring within the first 21 days. Additionally, the microbial interactions and their relationship with volatiles, as well as the physicochemical factors that govern microbial succession, differed between varieties of sorghum. The number of physicochemical factors affecting bacterial communities outweighed those affecting fungal communities, suggesting that bacteria were less resilient to the brewing conditions. This correlates with the finding that bacteria play a major role in the differences in microbial communities and metabolic functions during fermentation with the different varieties of sorghum. Metagenomic function analysis revealed differences in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism between sorghum varieties throughout most of the brewing process. Metaproteomics further indicated most differential proteins were found in these two pathways, related to differences in volatiles between sorghum varieties of Baijiu and originating from Lactobacillus. These results provide insight into the microbial principles underlying Baijiu production and can be used to improve the quality of Baijiu by selecting the appropriate raw materials and optimizing fermentation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ke Liu
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Ming Tang
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, People's Republic of China; Institute of Luzhou Liquor Making Science, Luzhou 646100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, People's Republic of China; Institute of Luzhou Liquor Making Science, Luzhou 646100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hui Tian
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, People's Republic of China; Institute of Luzhou Liquor Making Science, Luzhou 646100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Feng Jiang
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Lin Ni
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, People's Republic of China; Institute of Luzhou Liquor Making Science, Luzhou 646100, People's Republic of China
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5
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Pringault O, Bouvy M, Carre C, Mejri K, Bancon-Montigny C, Gonzalez C, Leboulanger C, Hlaili AS, Goni-Urriza M. Chemical contamination alters the interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130457. [PMID: 34126687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria and phytoplankton are key players in aquatic ecosystem functioning. Their interactions mediate carbon transfer through the trophic web. Chemical contamination can alter the function and diversity of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, with important consequences for ecosystem functioning. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of chemical contamination on the interactions between both biological compartments. Two contrasting marine coastal ecosystems, offshore waters and lagoon waters, were exposed to chemical contamination (artificial or produced from resuspension of contaminated sediment) in microcosms in four seasons characterized by distinct phytoplankton communities. Offshore waters were characterized by a complex phytoplankton-bacterioplankton network with a predominance of positive interactions between both compartments, especially with Haptophyta, Cryptophyta, and dinoflagellates. In contrast, for lagoon waters, the phytoplankton-bacterioplankton network was simpler with a prevalence of negative interactions with Ochrophyta, Cryptophyta, and flagellates. Contamination with an artificial mix of pesticides and trace metal elements resulted in a decrease in the number of interactions between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, especially for offshore waters. Resuspension of contaminated sediment also altered the interactions between both compartments. The release of nutrients stored in the sediment allowed the growth of nutrient limited phytoplankton species with marked consequences for the interactions with bacterioplankton, with a predominance of positive interactions, whereas in lagoon waters, negative interactions were mostly observed. Overall, this study showed that chemical contamination and sediment resuspension resulted in significant effects on phytoplankton-bacterioplankton interactions that can alter the functioning of anthropogenic coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pringault
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France; MARBEC Univ Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier, France; Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, France.
| | - Marc Bouvy
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Carre
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
| | - Kaouther Mejri
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, France
| | | | | | | | - Asma Sakka Hlaili
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, France; Laboratoire d'Ecologie, de Biologie et de Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques, LR18ES41, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, France
| | - Marisol Goni-Urriza
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64000, Pau, France
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6
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Yang Y, Chen J, Chen X, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Xie S. Cyanobacterial bloom induces structural and functional succession of microbial communities in eutrophic lake sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117157. [PMID: 33892464 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms have considerable effects on lacustrine microbial communities. The current study explored the temporal pattern of sedimentary archaea and bacteria during cyanobacterial bloom in a eutrophic lake. With the sampling period divided into bloom phase, interval phase and end phase according to the variation of physicochemical parameters, the structures and functions of both kingdoms presented a significant difference among phases. Bloom phases could be characterized with the lowest diversity and up-regulated functions in biodegradation of cyanobacterial metabolites driven by bacteria. Archaeal community showed an increased metabolic function during interval phases, including active methanogenesis sensitive to carbon input. The highest diversity and an enrichment of hub genera in microbial network were both observed in end phase, allowing for closer cooperation among groups involved in cyanobacteria-derived organic matter transformation. Although the archaeal community was less variable or diverse than bacteria, methanogenic functions dramatically fluctuated with cyanobacterial dynamics. And microbial groups related to methane cycling played an important role in microbial network. The results provided new insights into temporal dynamics of lacustrine microbial communities and microbial co-occurrence, and highlighted the significant ecological role of methane cycling-related microbes in lake sediments under the influence of cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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7
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Pascault N, Rué O, Loux V, Pédron J, Martin V, Tambosco J, Bernard C, Humbert JF, Leloup J. Insights into the cyanosphere: capturing the respective metabolisms of cyanobacteria and chemotrophic bacteria in natural conditions? ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:364-374. [PMID: 33763994 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Specific interactions have been highlighted between cyanobacteria and chemotrophic bacteria within the cyanosphere, suggesting that nutrients recycling could be optimized by cyanobacteria/bacteria exchanges. In order to determine the respective metabolic roles of the cyanobacterial and bacterial consortia (microbiome), a day-night metatranscriptomic analysis was performed on Dolichospermum sp. (N2 -fixer) and Microcystis sp. (non N2 -fixer) natural blooms occurring successively within a French peri-urban lake. The taxonomical and functional analysis of the metatranscriptoms have highlighted specific association of bacteria within the cyanosphere, driven by the cyanobacteria identity, without strongly modifying the functional composition of the microbiomes, suggesting functional redundancy within the cyanosphere. Moreover, the functional composition of these active communities was driven by the living mode. During the two successive bloom events, it appeared that NH4 + (newly fixed and/or allochthonous) was preferentially transformed into amino acids for the both the microbiome and the cyanobacteria, while phosphate metabolism was enhanced, suggesting that due to a high cellular growth, P limitation might take place within the cyanosphere consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Pascault
- UMR 7618 iEES-Paris Sorbonne Université 4 place Jussieu - 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Olivier Rué
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE Bioinformatics Facility, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Valentin Loux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE Bioinformatics Facility, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Jacques Pédron
- UMR 7618 iEES-Paris Sorbonne Université 4 place Jussieu - 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Véronique Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE Bioinformatics Facility, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Jennifer Tambosco
- UMR 7618 iEES-Paris Sorbonne Université 4 place Jussieu - 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Cécile Bernard
- UMR 7245 MCAM Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-François Humbert
- UMR 7618 iEES-Paris Sorbonne Université 4 place Jussieu - 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Julie Leloup
- UMR 7618 iEES-Paris Sorbonne Université 4 place Jussieu - 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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8
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Chang Y, Fan Q, Hou J, Zhang Y, Li J. A community-supported metaproteomic pipeline for improving peptide identifications in hydrothermal vent microbiota. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6214661. [PMID: 33834201 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms in deep-sea hydrothermal vents provide valuable insights into life under extreme conditions. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been widely used to identify protein expression and function. However, the metaproteomic studies in deep-sea microbiota have been constrained largely by the low identification rates of protein or peptide. To improve the efficiency of metaproteomics for hydrothermal vent microbiota, we firstly constructed a microbial gene database (HVentDB) based on 117 public metagenomic samples from hydrothermal vents and proposed a metaproteomic analysis strategy, which takes the advantages of not only the sample-matched metagenome, but also the metagenomic information released publicly in the community of hydrothermal vents. A two-stage false discovery rate method was followed up to control the risk of false positive. By applying our community-supported strategy to a hydrothermal vent sediment sample, about twice as many peptides were identified when compared with the ways against the sample-matched metagenome or the public reference database. In addition, more enriched and explainable taxonomic and functional profiles were detected by the HVentDB-based approach exclusively, as well as many important proteins involved in methane, amino acid, sugar, glycan metabolism and DNA repair, etc. The new metaproteomic analysis strategy will enhance our understanding of microbiota, including their lifestyles and metabolic capabilities in extreme environments. The database HVentDB is freely accessible from http://lilab.life.sjtu.edu.cn:8080/HventDB/main.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Chang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilian Fan
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Hou
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Couto N, Newton JRA, Russo C, Karunakaran E, Achour B, Al-Majdoub ZM, Sidaway J, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Clench MR, Barber J. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics and Substrate-Based Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes in Ex Vivo Human Skin and a Human Living Skin Equivalent Model. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 49:39-52. [PMID: 33139459 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time label-free quantification of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XME), transporters, redox enzymes, proteases, and nucleases in six human skin explants and a three-dimensional living skin equivalent model from LabSkin. We aimed to evaluate the suitability of LabSkin as an alternative to animal testing for the development of topical formulations. More than 2000 proteins were identified and quantified from total cellular protein. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C, the most abundant phase I XME in human skin, and glutathione S-transferase pi 1, the most abundant phase II XME in human skin, were present in similar abundance in LabSkin. Several esterases were quantified and esterase activity was confirmed in LabSkin using substrate-based mass spectrometry imaging. No cytochrome P450 (P450) activity was observed for the substrates tested, in agreement with the proteomics data, where the cognate P450s were absent in both human skin and LabSkin. Label-free protein quantification allowed insights into other related processes such as redox homeostasis and proteolysis. For example, the most abundant antioxidant enzymes were thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin-1. This systematic determination of functional equivalence between human skin and LabSkin is a key step toward the construction of a representative human in vitro skin model, which can be used as an alternative to current animal-based tests for chemical safety and for predicting dosage of topically administered drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The use of label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to elucidate the abundance of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, transporters, redox enzymes, proteases, and nucleases in human skin enhance our understanding of the skin physiology and biotransformation of topical drugs and cosmetics. This will help to develop mathematical models to predict drug metabolism in human skin and to develop more robust in vitro engineered human skin tissue as alternatives to animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narciso Couto
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (N.C., E.K.) and Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB) (N.C., E.K.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.C., B.A., Z.M.A.-M., A.R.-H., J.B.); Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.R.A.N., C.R., M.R.C.); Phenotox Ltd., Bollington, United Kingdom (J.S.); and Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.R.-H.)
| | - Jillian R A Newton
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (N.C., E.K.) and Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB) (N.C., E.K.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.C., B.A., Z.M.A.-M., A.R.-H., J.B.); Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.R.A.N., C.R., M.R.C.); Phenotox Ltd., Bollington, United Kingdom (J.S.); and Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.R.-H.)
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (N.C., E.K.) and Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB) (N.C., E.K.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.C., B.A., Z.M.A.-M., A.R.-H., J.B.); Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.R.A.N., C.R., M.R.C.); Phenotox Ltd., Bollington, United Kingdom (J.S.); and Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.R.-H.)
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (N.C., E.K.) and Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB) (N.C., E.K.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.C., B.A., Z.M.A.-M., A.R.-H., J.B.); Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.R.A.N., C.R., M.R.C.); Phenotox Ltd., Bollington, United Kingdom (J.S.); and Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.R.-H.)
| | - Brahim Achour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (N.C., E.K.) and Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB) (N.C., E.K.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.C., B.A., Z.M.A.-M., A.R.-H., J.B.); Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.R.A.N., C.R., M.R.C.); Phenotox Ltd., Bollington, United Kingdom (J.S.); and Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.R.-H.)
| | - Zubida M Al-Majdoub
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (N.C., E.K.) and Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB) (N.C., E.K.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.C., B.A., Z.M.A.-M., A.R.-H., J.B.); Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.R.A.N., C.R., M.R.C.); Phenotox Ltd., Bollington, United Kingdom (J.S.); and Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.R.-H.)
| | - James Sidaway
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (N.C., E.K.) and Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB) (N.C., E.K.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.C., B.A., Z.M.A.-M., A.R.-H., J.B.); Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.R.A.N., C.R., M.R.C.); Phenotox Ltd., Bollington, United Kingdom (J.S.); and Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.R.-H.)
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (N.C., E.K.) and Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB) (N.C., E.K.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.C., B.A., Z.M.A.-M., A.R.-H., J.B.); Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.R.A.N., C.R., M.R.C.); Phenotox Ltd., Bollington, United Kingdom (J.S.); and Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.R.-H.)
| | - Malcolm R Clench
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (N.C., E.K.) and Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB) (N.C., E.K.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.C., B.A., Z.M.A.-M., A.R.-H., J.B.); Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.R.A.N., C.R., M.R.C.); Phenotox Ltd., Bollington, United Kingdom (J.S.); and Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.R.-H.)
| | - Jill Barber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (N.C., E.K.) and Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB) (N.C., E.K.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.C., B.A., Z.M.A.-M., A.R.-H., J.B.); Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.R.A.N., C.R., M.R.C.); Phenotox Ltd., Bollington, United Kingdom (J.S.); and Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.R.-H.)
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10
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Structural and Functional Changes in Prokaryotic Communities in Artificial Pit Mud during Chinese Baijiu Production. mSystems 2020; 5:5/2/e00829-19. [PMID: 32209718 PMCID: PMC7093824 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00829-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong-flavor baijiu (SFB) accounts for more than 70% of all Chinese liquor production. In the Chinese baijiu brewing industry, artificial pit mud (APM) has been widely used since the 1960s to construct fermentation cellars for production of high-quality SFB. To gain insights at the systems level into the mechanisms driving APM prokaryotic taxonomic and functional dynamics and into how this variation is connected with high-quality SFB production, we performed the first combined metagenomic, metaproteomic, and metabolomic analyses of this brewing microecosystem. Together, the multi-omics approach enabled us to develop a more complete picture of the changing metabolic processes occurring in APM microbial communities during high-quality SFB production, which will be helpful for further optimization of APM culture technique and improvement of SFB quality. The Chinese alcoholic beverage strong-flavor baijiu (SFB) gets its characteristic flavor during fermentation in cellars lined with pit mud. Microbes in the pit mud produce key precursors of flavor esters. The maturation time of natural pit mud of over 20 years has promoted attempts to produce artificial pit mud (APM) with a shorter maturation time. However, knowledge about the molecular basis of APM microbial dynamics and associated functional variation during SFB brewing is limited, and the role of this variability in high-quality SFB production remains poorly understood. We studied APM maturation in new cellars until the fourth brewing batch using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, quantitative PCR, metaproteomics, and metabolomics techniques. A total of 36 prokaryotic classes and 195 genera were detected. Bacilli and Clostridia dominated consistently, and the relative abundance of Bacilli decreased along with the APM maturation. Even though both amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR showed increased abundance of Clostridia, the levels of most of the Clostridium proteins were similar in both the first- and fourth-batch APM samples. Six genera correlated with eight or more major flavor compounds in SFB samples. Functional prediction suggested that the prokaryotic communities in the fourth-batch APM samples were actively engaged in organic acid metabolism, and the detected higher concentrations of proteins and metabolites in the corresponding metabolic pathways supported the prediction. This multi-omics approach captured changes in the abundances of specific microbial species, proteins, and metabolites during APM maturation, which are of great significance for the optimization of APM culture technique. IMPORTANCE Strong-flavor baijiu (SFB) accounts for more than 70% of all Chinese liquor production. In the Chinese baijiu brewing industry, artificial pit mud (APM) has been widely used since the 1960s to construct fermentation cellars for production of high-quality SFB. To gain insights at the systems level into the mechanisms driving APM prokaryotic taxonomic and functional dynamics and into how this variation is connected with high-quality SFB production, we performed the first combined metagenomic, metaproteomic, and metabolomic analyses of this brewing microecosystem. Together, the multi-omics approach enabled us to develop a more complete picture of the changing metabolic processes occurring in APM microbial communities during high-quality SFB production, which will be helpful for further optimization of APM culture technique and improvement of SFB quality.
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11
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Russo DA, Ferguson A, Beckerman AP, Pandhal J. Structural Equation Modelling Reveals That Nutrients and Physicochemistry Act Additively on the Dynamics of a Microcosm-Based Biotic Community. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:E87. [PMID: 31739593 PMCID: PMC6956329 DOI: 10.3390/biology8040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic eutrophication has caused widespread environmental problems in freshwater lakes, reducing biodiversity and disrupting the classic pelagic food chain. Increasing our understanding of the exact role of nutrients and physicochemical variables on microbial dynamics, and subsequent microalgal and cyanobacterial blooms, has involved numerous studies ranging from replicate microcosm-based studies through to temporal studies of real lake data. In a previous experimental microcosm study, we utilised metaproteomics to investigate the functional changes of a microalgal-bacterial community under oligotrophic and eutrophic nutrient levels. Here, we analyse the time series data from this experiment with a combination of typically used univariate analyses and a more modern multivariate approach, structural equation modelling. Our aim was to test, using these modern methods, whether physicochemical variables and nutrient dynamics acted additively, synergistically, or antagonistically on the specific biotic community used in the microcosms. We found that nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and temperature acted additively on the interactions between the microalgae and bacteria present, with the temperature effects elevated in the eutrophic conditions we applied. The data suggests that there may be no synergistic interaction between nutrients and temperature in the tested microcosms. Our approach demonstrates how the application of multivariate methods to existing datasets, in our case from nutrient-enriched freshwater microcosms, enables new information to be extracted, enhancing interpretations as well as allowing more reliable comparisons to similar published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Russo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;
| | - Andrew Ferguson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;
| | - Andrew P. Beckerman
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;
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12
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Géron A, Werner J, Wattiez R, Lebaron P, Matallana-Surget S. Deciphering the Functioning of Microbial Communities: Shedding Light on the Critical Steps in Metaproteomics. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2395. [PMID: 31708885 PMCID: PMC6821674 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the complex structure and functioning of microbial communities is essential to accurately predict the impact of perturbations and/or environmental changes. From all molecular tools available today to resolve the dynamics of microbial communities, metaproteomics stands out, allowing the establishment of phenotype-genotype linkages. Despite its rapid development, this technology has faced many technical challenges that still hamper its potential power. How to maximize the number of protein identification, improve quality of protein annotation, and provide reliable ecological interpretation are questions of immediate urgency. In our study, we used a robust metaproteomic workflow combining two protein fractionation approaches (gel-based versus gel-free) and four protein search databases derived from the same metagenome to analyze the same seawater sample. The resulting eight metaproteomes provided different outcomes in terms of (i) total protein numbers, (ii) taxonomic structures, and (iii) protein functions. The characterization and/or representativeness of numerous proteins from ecologically relevant taxa such as Pelagibacterales, Rhodobacterales, and Synechococcales, as well as crucial environmental processes, such as nutrient uptake, nitrogen assimilation, light harvesting, and oxidative stress response, were found to be particularly affected by the methodology. Our results provide clear evidences that the use of different protein search databases significantly alters the biological conclusions in both gel-free and gel-based approaches. Our findings emphasize the importance of diversifying the experimental workflow for a comprehensive metaproteomic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Géron
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Johannes Werner
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lebaron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, USR 3579, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sabine Matallana-Surget
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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13
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Metaproteomics of Freshwater Microbial Communities. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30980327 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9232-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Recent advances in metaproteomics have provided us a link between genomic expression and functional characterization of environmental microbial communities. Therefore, the large-scale identification of proteins expressed by environmental microbiomes allows an unprecedented view of their in situ metabolism and function. However, one of the main challenges in metaproteomics remains the lack of robust analytical pipelines. This is especially true for aquatic environments with low protein concentrations and the presence of compounds that are known to interfere with traditional sample preparation pipelines and downstream LC-MS/MS analyses. In this chapter, a semiquantitative method that spans from sample preparation to functional annotation is provided. This method has been shown to provide in-depth and representative results of both the eukaryotic and prokaryotic fractions of freshwater microbiomes.
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14
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Wang B, Yao M, Zhou J, Tan S, Jin H, Zhang F, Mak YL, Wu J, Lai Chan L, Cai Z. Growth and Toxin Production of Gambierdiscus spp. Can Be Regulated by Quorum-Sensing Bacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10070257. [PMID: 29932442 PMCID: PMC6071102 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambierdiscus spp. are the major culprit responsible for global ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). At present, the effects of microbiological factors on algal proliferation and toxin production are poorly understood. To evaluate the regulatory roles of quorum-sensing (QS) bacteria in the physiology of Gambierdiscus, co-culture experiments with screened QS strains were conducted in this study. Except for the growth-inhibiting effect from the strain Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, the algal host generally displayed much higher growth potential and toxin production ability with the existence of QS strains. In addition, Bacillus anthracis particularly exhibited a broad-spectrum growth enhancement effect on various Gambierdiscus types, as well as a remarkable influence on algal toxicity. The variations of algal physiological status, including growth rate, chlorophyll content, and responsive behaviors, are potential reasons for the observed positive or negative affection. This study suggests that QS bacteria regulate the algal growth and toxin production. Based on the evidence, we further speculate that QS bacteria may contribute to the site-specific distribution of CFP risk through regulating the algal host biomass and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Mimi Yao
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Screening & Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shangjin Tan
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hui Jin
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Yim Ling Mak
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Jiajun Wu
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Leo Lai Chan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Screening & Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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15
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Pandhal J, Choon WL, Kapoore RV, Russo DA, Hanotu J, Wilson IAG, Desai P, Bailey M, Zimmerman WJ, Ferguson AS. Harvesting Environmental Microalgal Blooms for Remediation and Resource Recovery: A Laboratory Scale Investigation with Economic and Microbial Community Impact Assessment. BIOLOGY 2017; 7:biology7010004. [PMID: 29286322 PMCID: PMC5872030 DOI: 10.3390/biology7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A laboratory based microflotation rig termed efficient FLOtation of Algae Technology (eFLOAT) was used to optimise parameters for harvesting microalgal biomass from eutrophic water systems. This was performed for the dual objectives of remediation (nutrient removal) and resource recovery. Preliminary experiments demonstrated that chitosan was more efficient than alum for flocculation of biomass and the presence of bacteria could play a positive role and reduce flocculant application rates under the natural conditions tested. Maximum biomass removal from a hyper-eutrophic water retention pond sample was achieved with 5 mg·L-1 chitosan (90% Chlorophyll a removal). Harvesting at maximum rates showed that after 10 days, the bacterial diversity is significantly increased with reduced cyanobacteria, indicating improved ecosystem functioning. The resource potential within the biomass was characterized by 9.02 μg phosphate, 0.36 mg protein, and 103.7 μg lipid per mg of biomass. Fatty acid methyl ester composition was comparable to pure cultures of microalgae, dominated by C16 and C18 chain lengths with saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, the laboratory data was translated into a full-size and modular eFLOAT system, with estimated costs as a novel eco-technology for efficient algal bloom harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Wai L Choon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Rahul V Kapoore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - David A Russo
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, C 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - James Hanotu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - I A Grant Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Pratik Desai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Malcolm Bailey
- Link2Energy, 1-3 Bigby Street, Brigg, North Lincolnshire DN20 8EJ, UK.
| | - William J Zimmerman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Andrew S Ferguson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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