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Trotter CL, Alderson M, Dangor Z, Ip M, Le Doare K, Nakabembe E, Procter SR, Sekikubo M, Lambach P. Vaccine value profile for Group B streptococcus. Vaccine 2023; 41 Suppl 2:S41-S52. [PMID: 37951694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a major global cause of neonatal meningitis, sepsis and pneumonia, with an estimated 91,000 infant deaths per year and an additional 46,000 stillbirths. GBS infection in pregnancy is also associated with adverse maternal outcomes and preterm births. As such, the World Health Organization (WHO) prioritised the development of a GBS vaccine suitable for use in pregnant women and use in LMICs, where the burden of disease is highest. Several GBS vaccines are in clinical development. The WHO Defeating Meningitis by 2030 has set a target of 2026 for vaccine licensure. This 'Vaccine Value Profile' (VVP) for GBS is intended to provide a high-level, holistic assessment of the information and data that are currently available to inform the potential public health, economic and societal value of pipeline vaccines and vaccine-like products. This VVP was developed by a working group of subject matter experts from academia, non-profit organizations, public private partnerships and multi-lateral organizations, and in collaboration with stakeholders from the WHO regions of AFR, AMR, EUR, WPR. All contributors have extensive expertise on various elements of the GBS VVP and collectively aimed to identify current research and knowledge gaps. The VVP was developed using only existing and publicly available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Trotter
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Mark Alderson
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite,200, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
| | - Ziyaad Dangor
- WITS VIDA Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, 30 Chris Hani Road, Diepkloof, Soweto, 1862 Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Margaret Ip
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Eve Nakabembe
- Makerere University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Simon R Procter
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Musa Sekikubo
- Makerere University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Philipp Lambach
- World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland.
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Preenanka R, Safeena MP. Morphological, biological and genomic characterization of lytic phages against Streptococcus agalactiae causing streptococcosis in tilapia. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105919. [PMID: 36460145 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, a highly invasive pathogen causing streptococcosis, is a major disease imparting devastating effect in the aquaculture, worldwide. As bacteriophage therapy is getting more attention recently, as an alternative viable biocontrol agent to antibiotic and vaccine, this study aimed to isolate and purify obligately lytic bacteriophages and study its morphological, genetic and biological characteristics. Host range analysis of the four bacteriophages isolated in this study, such as Phage- 12 P, 15 F, 16 E and 20D exhibited 100% infectivity to S. agalactiae serotype Ia, a predominant serotype infecting fish. Morphotype of the phages was revealed by HR-TEM and found that the phage 20D belong to the family Myoviridae and the phages 12 P, 15 F, 16 E belonged to the family Siphoviridae with typical head and tail structure. Lytic potential of the phages were ascertained by multiplicity of infection and one step lytic curve and it is found that the phages exhibit high burst size at an MOI of 0.01. Random amplified polymorphic DNA revealed the genetic diversity of these four phages with distinct banding pattern. The phages were found to be lytic with the absence of genes coding for integrase, transposase and recombinase on PCR based screening. Phages exhibited stability and viability at various physic-chemical parameters such as temperature ranging from 4 to 45 °C, pH of 4-12 and salinity ranging from 0 to 6%. Thus the present study revealed that S. agalactiae specific phages such as Phage- 12 P, 15 F, 16 E and 20D are highly stable and potential to eliminate the S. agalactiae serotype Ia infecting fish. After the complete characterization of the phages by whole genome sequencing and exploring the defense function against S. agalactiae infection in vivo, it may be applied as a therapeutic agent against S. agalactiae infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Preenanka
- Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology (FOST), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Panangad, Kochi, 682 506, Kerala, India.
| | - Muhammed P Safeena
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management (AAHM), Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Panangad, Kochi, 682 506, Kerala, India.
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12/111phiA Prophage Domestication Is Associated with Autoaggregation and Increased Ability to Produce Biofilm in Streptococcus agalactiae. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061112. [PMID: 34063935 PMCID: PMC8223999 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CC17 Streptococcus agalactiae carrying group-A prophages is increasingly responsible for neonatal infections. To investigate the impact of the genetic features of a group-A prophage, we first conducted an in silico analysis of the genome of 12/111phiA, a group-A prophage carried by a strain responsible for a bloodstream infection in a parturient. This revealed a Restriction Modification system, suggesting a prophage maintenance strategy and five ORFs of interest for the host and encoding a type II toxin antitoxin system RelB/YafQ, an endonuclease, an S-adenosylmethionine synthetase MetK, and an StrP-like adhesin. Using the WT strain cured from 12/111phiA and constructing deleted mutants for the ORFs of interest, and their complemented mutants, we demonstrated an impact of prophage features on growth characteristics, cell morphology and biofilm formation. Our findings argue in favor of 12/111phiA domestication by the host and a role of prophage features in cell autoaggregation, glycocalyx and biofilm formation. We suggest that lysogeny may promote GBS adaptation to the acid environment of the vagina, consequently colonizing and infecting neonates.
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Goh GX, Tan K, Ang BSP, Wang LF, Tchoyoson Lim CC. Neuroimaging in Zoonotic Outbreaks Affecting the Central Nervous System: Are We Fighting the Last War? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1760-1767. [PMID: 32819907 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When preparing for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its effects on the CNS, radiologists should be familiar with neuroimaging appearances in past zoonotic infectious disease outbreaks. Organisms that have crossed the species barrier from animals to humans include viruses such as Hendra, Nipah, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and influenza, as well as bacteria and others. Brain CT and MR imaging findings have included cortical abnormalities, microinfarction in the white matter, large-vessel occlusion, and features of meningitis. In particular, the high sensitivity of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in detecting intracranial abnormalities has been helpful in outbreaks. Although the coronaviruses causing the previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome outbreak and the current coronavirus disease 19 pandemic are related, it is important to be aware of their similarities as well as potential differences. This review describes the neuroimaging appearances of selected zoonotic outbreaks so that neuroradiologists can better understand the current pandemic and potential future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Goh
- From the Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme (G.X.G., L.-F.W.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - K Tan
- Departments of Neurology (K.T.)
| | - B S P Ang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention and Control (B.S.P.A.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - L-F Wang
- From the Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme (G.X.G., L.-F.W.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - C C Tchoyoson Lim
- Neuroradiology (C.C.T.L.), National Neuroscience Institute and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Kim BJ, Shusta EV, Doran KS. Past and Current Perspectives in Modeling Bacteria and Blood-Brain Barrier Interactions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1336. [PMID: 31263460 PMCID: PMC6585309 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) barriers are highly specialized cellular barriers that promote brain homeostasis while restricting pathogen and toxin entry. The primary cellular constituent regulating pathogen entry in most of these brain barriers is the brain endothelial cell (BEC) that exhibits properties that allow for tight regulation of CNS entry. Bacterial meningoencephalitis is a serious infection of the CNS and occurs when bacteria can cross specialized brain barriers and cause inflammation. Models have been developed to understand the bacterial - BEC interaction that lead to pathogen crossing into the CNS, however, these have been met with challenges due to these highly specialized BEC phenotypes. This perspective provides a brief overview and outlook of the in vivo and in vitro models currently being used to study bacterial brain penetration, and opinion on improved models for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Kim
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kelly S Doran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Kayansamruaj P, Soontara C, Unajak S, Dong HT, Rodkhum C, Kondo H, Hirono I, Areechon N. Comparative genomics inferred two distinct populations of piscine pathogenic Streptococcus agalactiae, serotype Ia ST7 and serotype III ST283, in Thailand and Vietnam. Genomics 2018; 111:1657-1667. [PMID: 30453061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genomes of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus; GBS) collected from diseased fish in Thailand and Vietnam over a nine-year period (2008-2016) were sequenced and compared (n = 21). Based on capsular serotype and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), GBS isolates are divided into 2 groups comprised of i) serotype Ia; sequence type (ST)7 and ii) serotype III; ST283. Population structure inferred by core genome (cg)MLST and Bayesian clustering analysis also strongly indicated distribution of two GBS populations in both Thailand and Vietnam. Deep phylogenetic analysis implied by CRISPR array's spacer diversity was able to cluster GBS isolates according to their temporal and geographic origins, though ST7 has varying CRISPR1-spacer profiles when compared to ST283 strains. Based on overall genotypic features, Thai ST283 strains were closely related to the Singaporean ST283 strain causing foodborne illness in humans in 2015, thus, signifying zoonotic potential of this GBS population in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chayanit Soontara
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasimanas Unajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Unit of Fish Infectious Diseases (RU-FIDs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nontawith Areechon
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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