1
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The Role of ptsH in Stress Adaptation and Virulence in Cronobacter sakazakii BAA-894. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172680. [PMID: 36076869 PMCID: PMC9455513 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii, an emerging foodborne pathogen that was isolated primarily from powdered infant formula, poses an important issue in food safety due to its high stress tolerance and pathogenicity. The Hpr (encoded by ptsH gene) has been shown to regulate carbon metabolism as well as stress response and virulence. However, the functional properties of ptsH in C. sakzakii have not been investigated. In this study, we clarified the role of ptsH in the C. sakzakii stress response and virulence, and explored its possible regulatory mechanism by RNA-seq. Compared with wild-type, the ΔptsH mutant showed a slower growth rate in the log phase but no difference in the stationary phase. Moreover, the resistance to heat stress (65 °C, 55 °C), simulated gastric fluid (pH = 2.5), biofilm formation and adhesion to HT-29 cells of ΔptsH mutant were significantly decreased, whereas the oxidative resistance (1, 5, 10 mM H2O2), osmotic resistance (10%, 15%, 20% NaCl), and superoxide dismutase activity were enhanced. Finally, RNA-seq analysis revealed the sulfur metabolism pathway is significantly upregulated in the ΔptsH mutant, but the bacterial secretion system pathway is dramatically downregulated. The qRT-PCR assay further demonstrated that the ΔptsH mutant has elevated levels of genes that are related to oxidative and osmotic stress (sodA, rpoS, cpxA/R, osmY). This study provides a great understanding of the role of ptsH in diverse stress responses and virulence in C. sakazakii, and it contributes to our understanding of the genetic determinant of stress resistance and pathogenicity of this important foodborne pathogen.
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2
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Insights into the mechanisms of Cronobacter sakazakii virulence. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105643. [PMID: 35716925 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cronobacter species have adapted to survive harsh conditions, particularly in the food manufacture environment, and can cause life-threatening infections in susceptible hosts. These opportunistic pathogens employ a multitude of mechanisms to aid their virulence throughout three key stages: environmental persistence, infection strategy, and systemic persistence in the human host. Environmental persistence is aided by the formation of biofilms, development of subpopulations, and high tolerance to environmental stressors. Successful infection in the human host involves several mechanisms such as protein secretion, motility, quorum sensing, colonisation, and translocation. Survival inside the host is achieved via competitive acquisition and utilization of minerals and metabolites respectively, coupled with host immune system evasion and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms. Across the globe, Cronobacter sakazakii is associated with often fatal systemic infections in populations including neonates, infants, the elderly and the immunocompromised. By providing insight into the mechanisms of virulence utilised by this pathogen across these three stages, this review identifies current gaps in the literature. Further research into these virulence mechanisms is required to inform novel mitigation measures to improve global food safety with regards to this food-borne pathogen.
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3
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The combined bactericidal effect of nisin and thymoquinone against Listeria monocytogenes in Tryptone Soy Broth and sterilized milk. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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4
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Chauhan R, Kumari S, Goel G, Azmi W. Synergistic combination of malic acid with sodium hypochlorite impairs biofilm of Cronobacter sakazakii. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Zhu W, Gao J, Liu H, Liu J, Jin T, Qin N, Ren X, xia X. Antibiofilm effect of sodium butyrate against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Wang S, Deng H, Wang Y, Rui W, Zhao P, Yong Q, Guo D, Liu J, Guo X, Wang Y, Shi C. Antimicrobial Activity and Action Mechanism of Thymoquinone against Bacillus cereus and Its Spores. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123048. [PMID: 34945598 PMCID: PMC8701015 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, thymoquinone (TQ), a natural active substance, was investigated for its antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, and its inhibitory effect on B. cereus in reconstituted infant formula (RIF) was evaluated. In addition, the inhibitory effect of TQ on B. cereus spore germination was explored. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of TQ against eight B. cereus strains ranged from 4.0 to 8.0 μg/mL, whereas B. cereus treated with TQ displayed a longer lag phase than the untreated control. TQ exerted a good bactericidal effect on B. cereus in Luria–Bertani broth. In addition, TQ obviously reduced the intracellular ATP concentration of B. cereus, which caused depolarization of the cell membrane, increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species level, impaired the cell morphology, and destroyed proteins or inhibited proteins synthesis. This provides a mechanism for its bacteriostatic effect. TQ also inactivated B. cereus growth in RIF. Moreover, reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction illustrated that TQ downregulated the transcription of genes related to hemolysin, non-hemolytic enterotoxin, enterotoxin, and cytotoxin K. Meanwhile, TQ displayed the ability to inhibit the germination of B. cereus spores. These findings indicate that TQ, as an effective natural antimicrobial preservative, has potential applications in controlling food contamination and foodborne diseases caused by B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Shi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8709-2486; Fax: +86-29-8709-1391
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7
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Ma Y, Zhang Y, Chen K, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xia X. The role of PhoP/PhoQ two component system in regulating stress adaptation in Cronobacter sakazakii. Food Microbiol 2021; 100:103851. [PMID: 34416955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne bacterial pathogen that shows resistance to multiple stress conditions. The PhoP/PhoQ two component system is a key regulatory mechanism of stress response and virulence in various bacteria, but its role in C. sakazakii has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we found the PhoP/PhoQ system in C. sakazakii ATCC BAA-894 enhanced bacterial growth in conditions with low Mg2+, acid pH, and the presence of polymyxin B. Moreover, the ΔphoPQ strain significantly reduced survival following exposure to heat, high osmotic pressure, oxidative or bile salts compared with WT strain. Furthermore, the RNA-seq analysis indicated that 1029 genes were upregulated and 979 genes were downregulated in ΔphoPQ strain. The bacterial secretion system, flagella assembly, beta-Lactam resistance and two-component system pathways were significantly downregulated, while the ABC transporters and microbial metabolism in diverse environments pathways were upregulated. qRT-PCR analysis further confirmed that twelve genes associated with stress tolerance were positively regulated by the PhoP/PhoQ system. Therefore, these findings suggest that the PhoP/PhoQ system is an important regulatory mechanism for C. sakazakii to resist various environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Sino-US Joint Research Center, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Sino-US Joint Research Center, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Sino-US Joint Research Center, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lingzhu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Sino-US Joint Research Center, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yibei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Sino-US Joint Research Center, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Sino-US Joint Research Center, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Sino-US Joint Research Center, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China; School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China.
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8
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Fan Q, Liu C, Gao Z, Hu Z, Wang Z, Xiao J, Yuan Y, Yue T. Inactivation Effect of Thymoquinone on Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Vegetative Cells, Spores, and Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:679808. [PMID: 34149671 PMCID: PMC8206486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.679808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (A. acidoterrestris), a spore-forming bacterium, has become a main challenge and concern for the juices and acid beverage industry across the world due to its thermo-acidophilic characteristic. Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the active components derived from Nigella sativa seeds. The objective of this study was to investigate antibacterial activity and associated molecular mechanism of TQ against A. acidoterrestris vegetative cells, and to evaluate effects of TQ on A. acidoterrestris spores and biofilms formed on polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of TQ against five tested A. acidoterrestris strains ranged from 32 to 64 μg/mL. TQ could destroy bacterial cell morphology and membrane integrity in a concentration-dependent manner. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy observation showed that TQ caused abnormal morphology of spores and thus exerted a killing effect on spores. Moreover, TQ was effective in inactivating and removing A. acidoterrestris mature biofilms. These findings indicated that TQ is promising as a new alternative to control A. acidoterrestris and thereby reduce associated contamination and deterioration in the juice and acid beverage industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Zhongqiu Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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9
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Cao Y, Zhou D, Zhang X, Xiao X, Yu Y, Li X. Synergistic effect of citral and carvacrol and their combination with mild heat against Cronobacter sakazakii CICC 21544 in reconstituted infant formula. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Liu Y, Wu L, Han J, Dong P, Luo X, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Related Gene Expression of Listeria monocytogenes in Response to Four Natural Antimicrobial Compounds and Sodium Hypochlorite. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:617473. [PMID: 33519777 PMCID: PMC7840700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.617473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of four natural antimicrobial compounds (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, resveratrol and thymoquinone) plus a control chemical disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite) in inhibiting biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes CMCC54004 (Lm 54004) at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub-MICs. Crystal violet staining assay and microscopic examination were employed to investigate anti-biofilm effects of the evaluated compounds, and a real-time PCR assay was used to investigate the expression of critical genes by Lm 54004 biofilm. The results showed that five antimicrobial compounds inhibited Lm 54004 biofilm formation in a dose dependent way. Specifically, cinnamaldehyde and resveratrol showed better anti-biofilm effects at 1/4 × MIC, while sodium hypochlorite exhibited the lowest inhibitory rates. A swimming assay confirmed that natural compounds at sub-MICs suppressed Lm 54004 motility to a low degree. Supporting these findings, expression analysis showed that all four natural compounds at 1/4 × MIC significantly down-regulated quorum sensing genes (agrA, agrC, and agrD) rather than suppressing the motility- and flagella-associated genes (degU, motB, and flaA). This study revealed that sub-MICs of natural antimicrobial compounds reduced biofilm formation by suppressing the quorum sensing system rather than by inhibiting flagella formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunge Liu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, China
| | - Jina Han
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, China.,Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, China
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11
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Polat Yemiş G, Delaquis P. Natural Compounds With Antibacterial Activity Against Cronobacter spp. in Powdered Infant Formula: A Review. Front Nutr 2020; 7:595964. [PMID: 33330595 PMCID: PMC7731913 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.595964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria from the genus Cronobacter are opportunistic foodborne pathogens capable of causing severe infections in neonates, the elderly and immunocompromised adults. The majority of neonatal infections have been linked epidemiologically to dehydrated powdered infant formulas (PIFs), the majority of which are manufactured using processes that do not ensure commercial sterility. Unfortunately, the osmotolerance, desiccation resistance, mild thermotolerance and wide-ranging minimum, optimum and maximum growth temperatures of Cronobacter spp. are conducive to survival and/or growth during the processing, reconstitution and storage of reconstituted PIFs. Consequently, considerable research has been directed at the development of alternative strategies for the control of Cronobacter spp. in PIFs, including approaches that employ antimicrobial compounds derived from natural sources. The latter include a range of phytochemicals ranging from crude extracts or essential oils derived from various plants (e.g., thyme, cinnamon, clove, marjoram, cumin, mint, fennel), to complex polyphenolic extracts (e.g., muscadine seed, pomegranate peel, olive oil, and cocoa powder extracts), purified simple phenolic compounds (e.g., carvacrol, citral, thymol, eugenol, diacetyl, vanillin, cinnamic acid, trans-cinnamaldehyde, ferulic acid), and medium chain fatty acids (monocaprylin, caprylic acid). Antimicrobials derived from microbial sources (e.g., nisin, other antibacterial peptides, organic acids, coenzyme Q0) and animal sources (e.g., chitosan, lactoferrin, antibacterial peptides from milk) have also been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against the species. The selection of antimicrobials for the control of Cronobacter spp. requires an understanding of activity at different temperatures, knowledge about their mode of action, and careful consideration for toxicological and nutritional effects on neonates. Consequently, the purpose of the present review is to provide a comprehensive summary of currently available data pertaining to the antibacterial effects of natural antimicrobial compounds against Cronobacter spp. with a view to provide information needed to inform the selection of compounds suitable for control of the pathogen during the manufacture or preparation of PIFs by end users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Polat Yemiş
- Department of Food Engineering, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Turkey
| | - Pascal Delaquis
- Summerland Research and Development Research Centre, Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada
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12
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Chauhan R, Singh N, Pal GK, Goel G. Trending biocontrol strategies against Cronobacter sakazakii: A recent updated review. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Effect of thymoquinone on the resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii to environmental stresses and antibiotics. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Antibiofilm activity of coenzyme Q0 against Salmonella Typhimurium and its effect on adhesion-invasion and survival-replication. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8545-8557. [PMID: 31468089 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium, a common Gram-negative foodborne pathogen, threatens public health and hinders the development of the food industry. In this study, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) against S. Typhimurium. Besides, the inhibition of the S. Typhimurium's adhesion to and invasion of Caco-2 cells and its survival and replication in RAW 264.7 cells by CoQ0 were also explored. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations of CoQ0 against Salmonella were both 100-400 μg/mL. Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm formation was effectively inhibited by subinhibitory concentrations (SICs) of CoQ0. The CoQ0-affected biofilm morphology was observed with light microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. CoQ0 at SICs reduced the swimming motility and quorum sensing of S. Typhimurium and repressed the transcription of critical virulence-related genes. CoQ0 at SICs also clearly reduced the adhesion of S. Typhimurium to and its invasion of Caco-2 cells and reduced its survival and replication within RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. These findings suggest that CoQ0 has strong antibiofilm activity and can be used as an anti-infectious agent against Salmonella.
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15
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Miao X, Liu H, Zheng Y, Guo D, Shi C, Xu Y, Xia X. Inhibitory Effect of Thymoquinone on Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 Biofilm Formation and Virulence Attributes Critical for Human Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:304. [PMID: 31508379 PMCID: PMC6718631 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of thymoquinone (TQ) against Listeria monocytogenes, and to examine its inhibitory effects on biofilm formation, motility, hemolysin production, and attachment-invasion of host cells. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of TQ against eight different L. monocytogenes strains ranged from 6.25-12.50 μg/mL. Crystal violet staining showed that TQ clearly reduced biofilm biomass at sub-MICs in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that TQ inhibited biofilm formation on glass slides and induced an apparent collapse of biofilm architecture. At sub-MICs, TQ effectively inhibited the motility of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115, and significantly impacted adhesion to and invasion of human colon adenocarcinoma cells as well as the secretion of listeriolysin O. Supporting these findings, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that TQ down-regulated the transcription of genes associated with motility, biofilm formation, hemolysin secretion, and attachment-invasion in host cells. Overall, these findings confirm that TQ has the potential to be used to combat L. monocytogenes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Miao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Du Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Sino-US Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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16
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Kang S, Meng Y, Cheng X, Tu J, Guo D, Xu Y, Liang S, Xia X, Shi C. Effects of 405-nm LED Treatment on the Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to Subsequent Environmental Stresses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1907. [PMID: 31474971 PMCID: PMC6706791 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can persist under a wide range of stress conditions, contributing to its ubiquitous distribution and unique pathogenic traits. Light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has recently been shown to inactivate various pathogens. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of light treatment using a 405-nm LED on the subsequent resistance of L. monocytogenes to environmental stresses, including oxidative stress, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, low temperature, osmotic pressure, simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and bile salts. Following 405-nm LED illumination at 4°C for 150 min, the survival of L. monocytogenes was examined after exposure to oxidative stress (0.04% H2O2), UV irradiation (253.7 nm), low temperature (4°C), osmotic pressure (10, 15, or 20% NaCl), SGF (pH 2.5), or bile salts (2%). The mechanisms responsible for changes in stress tolerance were identified by assessing the transcriptional responses and membrane integrity of L. monocytogenes. The 405-nm LED treatment reduced the resistance of L. monocytogenes to all the stresses tested. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the transcription of multiple genes associated with stress resistance, including betL, gbuA, oppA, fri, bsh, and arcA, was reduced by 405-nm LED. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that 405-nm LED treatment disrupted the integrity of the L. monocytogenes cell membrane compared with untreated bacteria. Therefore, 405-nm LED illumination appears to reduce the resistance of L. monocytogenes to various stress conditions. These findings suggest that 405-nm LED treatment could be used to effectively prevent and/or control with L. monocytogenes contamination along the entire food-processing chain, from production to consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenmin Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yujie Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaomeng Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Junhong Tu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Du Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Sen Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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17
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Lu J, Chen Q, Pan B, Qin Z, Fan L, Xia Q, Zhao L. Efficient inhibition of Cronobacter biofilms by chitooligosaccharides of specific molecular weight. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:87. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Guo D, Yang Z, Zheng X, Kang S, Yang Z, Xu Y, Shi C, Tian H, Xia X. Thymoquinone Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Attachment-Invasion in Host Cells of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:671-678. [PMID: 31070474 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic Gram-negative foodborne pathogen that is widely distributed in marine environments. It can cause acute gastroenteritis and other diseases. This study aimed to investigate the antivirulence activity of thymoquinone (TQ) on V. parahaemolyticus. TQ was shown to effectively inhibit V. parahaemolyticus. Subminimum inhibitory concentrations of TQ inhibited swimming and swarming motility, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, the ability of V. parahaemolyticus to adhere and invade the host cells, and the expression of virulence-associated genes of V. parahaemolyticus. These findings suggest that TQ can effectively inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and significantly reduce its pathogenicity. Considering its safety and various biological activities, TQ has the potential to be developed as a natural antibacterial substance to reduce the diseases associated with V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shenmin Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhuokai Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Yi L, Li X, Luo L, Lu Y, Yan H, Qiao Z, Lü X. A novel bacteriocin BMP11 and its antibacterial mechanism on cell envelope of Listeria monocytogenes and Cronobacter sakazakii. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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