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Harris TD, Reinl KL, Azarderakhsh M, Berger SA, Berman MC, Bizic M, Bhattacharya R, Burnet SH, Cianci-Gaskill JA, Domis LNDS, Elfferich I, Ger KA, Grossart HPF, Ibelings BW, Ionescu D, Kouhanestani ZM, Mauch J, McElarney YR, Nava V, North RL, Ogashawara I, Paule-Mercado MCA, Soria-Píriz S, Sun X, Trout-Haney JV, Weyhenmeyer GA, Yokota K, Zhan Q. What makes a cyanobacterial bloom disappear? A review of the abiotic and biotic cyanobacterial bloom loss factors. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 133:102599. [PMID: 38485445 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms present substantial challenges to managers and threaten ecological and public health. Although the majority of cyanobacterial bloom research and management focuses on factors that control bloom initiation, duration, toxicity, and geographical extent, relatively little research focuses on the role of loss processes in blooms and how these processes are regulated. Here, we define a loss process in terms of population dynamics as any process that removes cells from a population, thereby decelerating or reducing the development and extent of blooms. We review abiotic (e.g., hydraulic flushing and oxidative stress/UV light) and biotic factors (e.g., allelopathic compounds, infections, grazing, and resting cells/programmed cell death) known to govern bloom loss. We found that the dominant loss processes depend on several system specific factors including cyanobacterial genera-specific traits, in situ physicochemical conditions, and the microbial, phytoplankton, and consumer community composition. We also address loss processes in the context of bloom management and discuss perspectives and challenges in predicting how a changing climate may directly and indirectly affect loss processes on blooms. A deeper understanding of bloom loss processes and their underlying mechanisms may help to mitigate the negative consequences of cyanobacterial blooms and improve current management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted D Harris
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, 2101 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS, 66047
| | - Kaitlin L Reinl
- Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve, University of Wisconsin - Madison Division of Extension, 14 Marina Dr, Superior, WI 54880
| | - Marzi Azarderakhsh
- Department of Construction and Civil Engineering, New York City College of Technology, 300 Jay Street, New York, NY 11201
| | - Stella A Berger
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Castro Berman
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 and Darrin Freshwater Institute, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Bolton Landing, NY, 12814
| | - Mina Bizic
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Ruchi Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Sarah H Burnet
- University of Idaho, Fish and Wildlife Sciences, Moscow, ID, USA, 83844
| | - Jacob A Cianci-Gaskill
- Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 2514 Cleveland Rd East, Huron, OH 44839
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Water Resources and Pervasive Systems Group, faculty of EEMCS and ITC, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Elfferich
- Cardiff University, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Main Building, Park Place CF10 3AT, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Ali Ger
- Department of Ecology, Center for Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, R. das Biociencias, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Hans-Peter F Grossart
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany; Potsdam University, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Maulbeeralle 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bas W Ibelings
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 66 Blvd Carl Vogt, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Danny Ionescu
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Zohreh Mazaheri Kouhanestani
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia, Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO, 65211-7220
| | - Jonas Mauch
- Department of Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne R McElarney
- Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Veronica Nava
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy.
| | - Rebecca L North
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia, Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO, 65211-7220
| | - Igor Ogashawara
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Ma Cristina A Paule-Mercado
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Soria-Píriz
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2 × 1Y4, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xinyu Sun
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Gesa A Weyhenmeyer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kiyoko Yokota
- Biology Department, State University of New York at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA
| | - Qing Zhan
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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MacKeigan PW, Zastepa A, Taranu ZE, Westrick JA, Liang A, Pick FR, Beisner BE, Gregory-Eaves I. Microcystin concentrations and congener composition in relation to environmental variables across 440 north-temperate and boreal lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163811. [PMID: 37121330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental conditions and taxa that promote the occurrence of cyanobacterial toxins is imperative for effective management of lake ecosystems. Herein, we modeled total microcystin presence and concentrations with a broad suite of environmental predictors and cyanobacteria community data collected across 440 Canadian lakes using standardized methods. We also conducted a focused analysis targeting 14 microcystin congeners across 190 lakes, to examine how abiotic and biotic factors influence their relative proportions. Microcystins were detected in 30 % of lakes, with the highest total concentrations occurring in the most eutrophic lakes located in ecozones of central Canada. The two most commonly detected congeners were MC-LR (61 % of lakes) and MC-LA (37 % of lakes), while 11 others were detected more sporadically across waterbodies. Congener diversity peaked in central Canada where cyanobacteria biomass was highest. Using a zero-altered hurdle model, the probability of detecting microcystin was best explained by increasing Microcystis biomass, Daphnia and cyclopoid biomass, soluble reactive phosphorus, pH and wind. Microcystin concentrations increased with the biomass of Microcystis and other less dominant cyanobacteria taxa, as well as total phosphorus, cyclopoid copepod biomass, dissolved inorganic carbon and water temperature. Collectively, these models accounted for 34 % and 70 % of the variability, respectively. Based on a multiple factor analysis of microcystin congeners, cyanobacteria community data, environmental and zooplankton data, we found that the relative abundance of most congeners varied according to trophic state and were related to a combination of cyanobacteria genera biomasses and environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W MacKeigan
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada.
| | - Arthur Zastepa
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zofia E Taranu
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judy A Westrick
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Anqi Liang
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances R Pick
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beatrix E Beisner
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irene Gregory-Eaves
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada
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3
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Lukić D, Pormehr N, Beladjal L, Vad CF, Ptacnik R, Van Stappen G, Agh N, Horváth Z. Life-history omnivory in the fairy shrimp Branchinecta orientalis (Branchiopoda: Anostraca). HYDROBIOLOGIA 2023; 850:901-909. [PMID: 36776478 PMCID: PMC9905153 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-05132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Very little is known about the feeding of naupliar and juvenile life stages of omnivorous fairy shrimps (Crustacea: Anostraca). Here, we aim to reveal whether the fairy shrimp Branchinecta orientalis is an ontogenetic omnivore and at which age and ontogenetic stage they gain the ability to feed on zooplankton. We assess how food uptake rates change with age until reaching maturity by providing algae (pico- and nanoplanktonic unicellular algae) and zooplankton (rotifers and copepod nauplii) as food in individual experiments. We found that the fairy shrimp B. orientalis started to feed on both types of algal prey immediately after hatching. Nanoplanktonic algae likely represented the most important food source until reaching maturity. Moreover, fairy shrimps started to feed on zooplankton already when they were 7 days old. Slow-moving rotifers gradually gained importance in the fairy shrimp diet with time. Our results reveal an ontogenetic change in the prey spectrum of fairy shrimp. The systematic shift towards omnivory likely affects both phyto- and zooplankton community composition, possibly contributing to temporal changes in food web dynamics in fairy shrimp habitats, and temporary ponds, which may warrant more detailed investigations in future studies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-022-05132-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Lukić
- WasserCluster Lunz, Lunz am See, Austria
- Research Department for Limnology Mondsee, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Navid Pormehr
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Centre, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering-Block F, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynda Beladjal
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Csaba F. Vad
- WasserCluster Lunz, Lunz am See, Austria
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- National Multidisciplinary Laboratory for Climate Change, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gilbert Van Stappen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Centre, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering-Block F, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Naser Agh
- Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zsόfia Horváth
- WasserCluster Lunz, Lunz am See, Austria
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- National Multidisciplinary Laboratory for Climate Change, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Martins KP, Albertoni EF. Alternance of alternative stable states influence the functional diversity of microcrustaceans in a shallow subtropical lake. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Pereira Martins
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais Laboratório de Limnologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande‐FURG Av. Itália km 8 Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Edélti Faria Albertoni
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais Laboratório de Limnologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande‐FURG Av. Itália km 8 Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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5
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The Structuring Effects of Salinity and Nutrient Status on Zooplankton Communities and Trophic Structure in Siberian Lakes. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many continental saline lakes are under the effects of salinity increase and anthropogenic eutrophication exacerbated by global change. The response of the food web to these drivers of change is not straightforward. To understand the consequences of salinity and eutrophication interactive effects on the food web, we studied the seasonal dynamics of zooplankton and phytoplankton and water quality parameters in 20 lakes of different salinity (from freshwater to hypersaline) and nutrient status (from oligotrophic to eutrophic) located in southern Siberia. We observed a pronounced bottom-up effect of nutrients, which induced an increase in the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton and a decline in water quality. A significant decrease in the species abundance of zooplankton was observed at a threshold salinity of 3 g L−1 and the disappearance of fish at 10 g L−1. The top-down effect induced by salinity manifested itself in an increase in the biomass of zooplankton with the disappearance of fish, and in the change of the size distribution of phytoplankton particles with an increase in the proportion of cladocerans in the zooplankton. Even though we observed that with the salinity increase the food web in saline lakes transformed from three-trophic to two-trophic without fish, we conclude that in the salinity range from 10 to 20–30 g L−1 this transition in most cases will not increase the ability of zooplankton to control phytoplankton. Interactive effects of salinity and eutrophication strongly depend on the size and depth of the lake, as deep stratified lakes tend to have a better water quality with lower biomasses of both phyto- and zooplankton. Thus, the salinity per se is not the driver of the decline in water clarity or the uncontrolled development of phytoplankton. Moreover, for deep lakes, salinity may be a factor affecting the stability of stratification, which mitigates the consequences of eutrophication. Thus, small shallow lakes will be the most vulnerable to the joint effect of salinity increase and eutrophication with the degradation of ecosystem functioning and water quality at moderate salinities of 3–20 g L−1.
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6
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Olesen AJ, Ryderheim F, Krock B, Lundholm N, Kiørboe T. Costs and benefits of predator-induced defence in a toxic diatom. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212735. [PMID: 35414232 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton employ a variety of defence mechanisms against predation, including production of toxins. Domoic acid (DA) production by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. is induced by the presence of predators and is considered to provide defence benefits, but the evidence is circumstantial. We exposed eight different strains of P. seriata to chemical cues from copepods and examined the costs and the benefits of toxin production. The magnitude of the induced toxin response was highly variable among strains, while the costs in terms of growth reduction per DA cell quota were similar and the trade-off thus consistent. We found two components of the defence in induced cells: (i) a 'private good' in terms of elevated rejection of captured cells and (ii) a 'public good' facilitated by a reduction in copepod feeding activity. Induced cells were more frequently rejected by copepods and rejections were directly correlated with DA cell quota and independent of access to other food items. By contrast, the public-good effect was diminished by the presence of alternative prey suggesting that it does not play a major role in bloom formation and that its evolution is closely associated with the grazing-deterrent private good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Olesen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Ryderheim
- Centre for Ocean Life, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Chemische Ökologie, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Nina Lundholm
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kiørboe
- Centre for Ocean Life, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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DINIZ ANAMARIAS, FILHO SILVANOL, GAMA WATSONA, MOURA ARIADNEN. Temporal and vertical variation of phytoplankton and zooplankton in two tropical reservoirs with different trophic states. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20200624. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - ARIADNE N. MOURA
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil; Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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Effects of Grazing and Nutrients on Phytoplankton Blooms and Microplankton Assemblage Structure in Four Temperate Lakes Spanning a Eutrophication Gradient. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13081085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytoplankton assemblage dynamics are sensitive to biotic and abiotic factors, as well as anthropogenic stressors such as eutrophication, and thus are likely to vary between lakes of differing trophic state. We selected four lakes in Washington State, USA, ranging from oligo- to hypereutrophic, to study the separate and interactive effects of enhanced nutrient availability and zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton net growth rates and overall microplankton (phytoplankton and microzooplankton) assemblage structure. We collected water quality and plankton samples monthly in each lake from May to October 2014, and also conducted laboratory incubation experiments using ambient plankton assemblages from each lake with amendments of zooplankton grazers (5× ambient densities) and nutrients (Nitrogen + Phosphorus) in June, August, and October. In each set of monthly experiments, nested two-way ANOVAs were used to test the effects of enhanced grazers and nutrients on net chlorophyll a-based phytoplankton growth rates. Nested PERMANOVAs were used to test the effects of each factor on microplankton assemblage structure. Enhanced grazing reduced phytoplankton net growth in oligotrophic Cle Elum Lake and oligo-mesotrophic Lake Merwin in August (p < 0.001) and Merwin again in October (p < 0.05), while nutrient enhancement increased phytoplankton net growth in Lake Merwin in June (p < 0.01). Changes in microplankton assemblage composition were not detected as a result of either factor, but they were significantly different between sites (p < 0.001) during each month, and varied by month within each lake. Significant effects of both enhanced grazers and nutrients were detected in systems of low, but not high, trophic state, although this varied by season. We suggest that it is critical to consider trophic state when predicting the response of phytoplankton to bottom-up and top-down factors in lakes.
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Amorim CA, Dantas ÊW, Moura ADN. Modeling cyanobacterial blooms in tropical reservoirs: The role of physicochemical variables and trophic interactions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140659. [PMID: 32711303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the importance of environmental variables on the dominance of cyanobacteria is crucial for appropriately managing water resources. Although studies about temperate and subtropical regions show a high influence of nutrients and temperature on blooms, this relationship is still unclear for the tropics. Accordingly, we hypothesized that nutrients and temperature are the main factors driving cyanobacterial blooms in tropical reservoirs, and those relationships are intensified by the zooplankton. To test these hypotheses, we constructed a structural equation model based on the monitoring of ten reservoirs from Northeast Brazil. We analyzed the effects of physicochemical variables and zooplankton on cyanobacterial blooms and the biomass of four morphotypes. Cyanobacterial biomass varied within the reservoirs, with bloom records (0.2-268.4 mg L-1) in all of them, primarily constituted by the colonial morphotype, followed by picocyanobacteria, heterocyted, and non-heterocyted filaments. The cyanobacterial community was driven mainly by chemical variables (55.14% of the variation), followed by physical (48.28%), and zooplankton (39.47%). Through the structural equation model, we demonstrated that total cyanobacterial biomass, as well as the morphotypes, were mainly influenced by omnivorous crustaceans and total dissolved phosphorus. Solar radiation, air temperature, mixing zone, and salinity were important to explain the biomass of the morphotypes. The model explained most of the variation in the picocyanobacterial blooms (79.8%), followed by total cyanobacteria (62.4%), heterocyted filaments (59.1%), non-heterocyted filaments (58.2%), and coccoids (55.1%). Zooplankton groups were also influenced by the physicochemical variables, which presented direct and indirect effects on cyanobacteria. Given the predictions of increased eutrophication, warming, and salinization, cyanobacterial blooms will become more intense in tropical reservoirs. Thus, restoring measures must be adopted to reduce bloom development, such as external phosphorus and salt loadings, and biomanipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihelio Alves Amorim
- Graduate Program in Botany, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, Dois Irmãos, CEP 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Ênio Wocyli Dantas
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Horácio Trajano de Oliveira, s/n, Cristo, CEP 58070-450 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Ariadne do Nascimento Moura
- Graduate Program in Botany, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, Dois Irmãos, CEP 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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10
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Amorim CA, Moura AN. Effects of the manipulation of submerged macrophytes, large zooplankton, and nutrients on a cyanobacterial bloom: A mesocosm study in a tropical shallow reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114997. [PMID: 32585551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomanipulation is an efficient tool to control eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms in temperate lakes. However, the effects of this technique are still unclear for tropical ecosystems. Herein, we evaluated the effects of the biomanipulation on cyanobacterial biomass in a tropical shallow reservoir in Northeast Brazil. A mesocosm experiment was conducted in Tapacurá reservoir (Pernambuco) with eight treatments, in which we factorially manipulated the presence of submerged macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum), large herbivorous zooplankton (Sarsilatona serricauda), and nutrients (0.4 mg L-1 of nitrogen and 0.5 mg L-1 of phosphorus). On the first, fifth, and tenth days, we analyzed the total biomass of cyanobacteria, and the morphotypes coccoid, heterocyted filamentous, and non-heterocyted filamentous cyanobacteria; these components were compared through a three-way ANOVA. The bloom was composed mainly of five Microcystis morphospecies (coccoids) and Raphidiopsis raciborskii (heterocyted filaments). On the fifth day of the experiment, the combined addition of macrophytes and zooplankton was more efficient at controlling cyanobacterial biomass. On the tenth day, all macrophyte treatments showed significant cyanobacterial biomass reduction, decreasing up to 84.8%. On the other hand, nutrients and zooplankton, both isolated and combined, had no significant effect. Macrophytes also reduced the biomass of coccoids, heterocyted filaments, and non-heterocyted filaments when analyzed separately on the tenth day. Ceratophyllum demersum was more efficient at controlling the bloom than the addition of large herbivorous zooplankton, which could be related to allelopathy since cyanobacterial biomass was also reduced when nutrients were added. The addition of submerged macrophytes with allelopathic potential, associated with the increase of large herbivorous zooplankton, proved to be an efficient technique for controlling tropical cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihelio A Amorim
- Graduate Program in Botany, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, Dois Irmãos, CEP 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Ariadne N Moura
- Graduate Program in Botany, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, Dois Irmãos, CEP 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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11
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Rangel LM, Silva LHS, Faassen EJ, Lürling M, Ger KA. Copepod Prey Selection and Grazing Efficiency Mediated by Chemical and Morphological Defensive Traits of Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12070465. [PMID: 32708114 PMCID: PMC7404970 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton anti-grazer traits control zooplankton grazing and are associated with harmful blooms. Yet, how morphological versus chemical phytoplankton defenses regulate zooplankton grazing is poorly understood. We compared zooplankton grazing and prey selection by contrasting morphological (filament length: short vs. long) and chemical (saxitoxin: STX- vs. STX+) traits of a bloom-forming cyanobacterium (Raphidiopsis) offered at different concentrations in mixed diets with an edible phytoplankton to a copepod grazer. The copepod selectively grazed on the edible prey (avoidance of cyanobacteria) even when the cyanobacterium was dominant. Avoidance of the cyanobacterium was weakest for the “short STX-” filaments and strongest for the other three strains. Hence, filament size had an effect on cyanobacterial avoidance only in the STX- treatments, while toxin production significantly increased cyanobacterial avoidance regardless of filament size. Moreover, cyanobacterial dominance reduced grazing on the edible prey by almost 50%. Results emphasize that the dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria such as Raphidiopsis can interfere with copepod grazing in a trait specific manner. For cyanobacteria, toxin production may be more effective than filament size as an anti-grazer defense against selectively grazing zooplankton such as copepods. Our results highlight how multiple phytoplankton defensive traits interact to regulate the producer-consumer link in plankton ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M. Rangel
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (L.M.R.); (L.H.S.S.)
| | - Lúcia H. S. Silva
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (L.M.R.); (L.H.S.S.)
| | - Elisabeth J. Faassen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (K.A.G.)
| | - Kemal Ali Ger
- Center for Coastal Limnological and Marine Studies (CECLIMAR), Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande de Sul, 95625-000 Imbé, Brazil
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (K.A.G.)
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12
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Effects of Consecutive Extreme Weather Events on a Temperate Dystrophic Lake: A Detailed Insight into Physical, Chemical and Biological Responses. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Between May and July 2018, Ireland experienced an exceptional heat wave, which broke long-term temperature and drought records. These calm, stable conditions were abruptly interrupted by a second extreme weather event, Atlantic Storm Hector, in late June. Using high-frequency monitoring data, coupled with fortnightly biological sampling, we show that the storm directly affected the stratification pattern of Lough Feeagh, resulting in an intense mixing event. The lake restabilised quickly after the storm as the heatwave continued. During the storm there was a three-fold reduction in Schmidt stability, with a mixed layer deepening of 9.5 m coinciding with a two-fold reduction in chlorophyll a but a three-fold increase in total zooplankton biomass. Epilimnetic respiration increased and net ecosystem productivity decreased. The ratio of total nitrogen:total phosphorus from in-lake versus inflow rivers was decoupled, leading to a cascade effect on higher trophic levels. A step change in nitrogen:phosphorus imbalances suggested that the zooplankton community shifted from phosphorus to nitrogen nutrient constraints. Such characterisations of both lake thermal and ecological responses to extreme weather events are relatively rare but are crucial to our understanding of how lakes are changing as the impacts of global climate change accelerate.
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13
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Zhang L, Wang Z, Wang N, Gu L, Sun Y, Huang Y, Chen Y, Yang Z. Mixotrophic Ochromonas Addition Improves the Harmful Microcystis-Dominated Phytoplankton Community in In Situ Microcosms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4609-4620. [PMID: 32126758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Driven by global warming and eutrophication, outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms have severely impacted ecosystem stability and water safety. Of the organisms used to control cyanobacteria, protozoa can highly resist cyanotoxins, efficiently control cyanobacterial populations, and show considerably different feeding strategies from those of metazoans. Thus, protozoa have great potential to control harmful cyanobacteria and improve phytoplankton composition in eutrophic waters. To evaluate the actual effects of protozoa in controlling cyanobacteria and improving the phytoplankton community structure in the field, an in situ microcosm study was performed using a flagellate Ochromonas gloeopara that ingests Microcystis. Results showed that adding Ochromonas reduced the cyanobacterial populations and increased the chlorophyte and diatom proportions. Furthermore, the species richness and diversity of the phytoplankton community were enhanced in microcosms with Ochromonas. Additionally, there was a gradual increase in the chlorophyte population in the unicellular Microcystis control, while Ochromonas addition significantly accelerated the replacement of dominant species. This study was the first to show the practical effects of protozoa on controlling cyanobacteria in the field, highlighting that a reduction in in situ cyanobacteria via protozoa can improve the phytoplankton community structure, dredge the toxic cyanobacteria-dominated microbial food web, and mitigate harmful cyanobacteria risks in fresh waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zeshuang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Na Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Briland RD, Stone JP, Manubolu M, Lee J, Ludsin SA. Cyanobacterial blooms modify food web structure and interactions in western Lake Erie. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 92:101586. [PMID: 32113601 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With anthropogenic eutrophication and climate change causing an increase in cyanobacterial blooms worldwide, the need to understand the consequences of these blooms on aquatic ecosystems is paramount. Key questions remain unanswered with respect to how cyanobacteria blooms affect the structure of aquatic food webs, the foraging abilities of higher consumers, and the potential for cyanotoxins (e.g., microcystins [MCs]) to accumulate in fish. Toward addressing these uncertainties, physicochemical attributes, water (for MCs), phytoplankton, zooplankton, and epipelagic and benthic age-0 fish were sampled at 75 sites (44 sites for fish) of varying cyanobacteria concentration (0.1-44 μg/L) in western Lake Erie during the cyanobacteria bloom season, 2013-2014. Sites with high cyanobacteria biomass were characterized by Microcystis spp. (84-100% of biomass), detectible levels of MCs (maximum = 10.8 μg/L), and low water transparency (minimum = 0.25 m). Counter to expectations, strong positive relationships were found between cyanobacteria concentration and the biomass of several herbivorous zooplankton taxa (e.g., Daphnia, Diaphanosoma spp., Bosmina (formerly Eubosmina) coregoni, and Calanoida spp.). Expectations regarding fish were partly supported (e.g., diet selectivity varied across a cyanobacteria gradient) and partly not (e.g., consumption of zooplankton did not differ between bloom and non-bloom sites). These findings show that cyanobacterial blooms can strongly affect the distribution, composition, and interactions of zooplankton and fish, sometimes in surprising ways, highlighting the need to further explore their impact on aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth D Briland
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH, 43212, USA.
| | - Joshua P Stone
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Manjunath Manubolu
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH, 43212, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stuart A Ludsin
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
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Combined allelopathic effects of Spirogyra (Zygnematales: Zygnemataceae) and Ceratophyllum demersum (Ceratophyllales: Ceratophyllaceae) on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa (Chroocolales: Microcystaceae). Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Bacteria as biological control agents of freshwater cyanobacteria: is it feasible beyond the laboratory? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9911-9923. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Beyond Eutrophication: Vancouver Lake, WA, USA as a Model System for Assessing Multiple, Interacting Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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