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Radwan M, Manaa EA, El-Feky MMM, Mohammadein A, Al Malki JS, Badawy LA, Abbas MMM. Elucidating the effect of dietary neem (Azadirachta indica) on growth performance, haemato-biochemical, immunonological response, and anti-pathogenic capacity of Nile tilapia juveniles. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10497-8. [PMID: 39180602 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
This investigation attempts to evaluate the effect of diet additives via aqueous or ethanolic herbal extracts from Azadirachta indica leaves on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five dietary categories were assigned to the fish: the first category (N1, with no extract) was kept under control conditions; two categories contained aqueous extract (N2 (1.0 g/kg) and N3 (2.0 g/kg); and two categories contained ethanolic extract, N4 (1.0 g/kg) and N5 (2.0 g/kg), with each group being fed for 60 days. After the feeding trial, Aeromonas hydrophila was injected intraperitoneally into fish for 14 days; fish mortality was recorded during this period. The results showed that the fish-fed dietary A. indica significantly improved growth performance and intestinal health (digestive enzymes and intestinal morphology), especially in the N4 and N5 categories. However, N4 and N5 categories demonstrated a significant decrease in AST and ALT activities and an increase in total protein, serum albumin, globulin, growth hormone (GH), leptin hormone (LEP), hemoglobin, white blood cells, and hematocrit (P < 0.05) in comparison with the control category (N1). Compared to the control category, the N4 and N5 categories have revealed a significant reduction in MDA activity and improvements in immunological activities (lysozyme, complement C3, and nitric oxide) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPX). Moreover, in tilapia-fed A. indica, the expression of IL-8, IL-1β, and Nf-κb genes was downregulated partially in the N4 and N5 categories than the control category. In contrast, the lysozyme, C3, GPX, and CAT genes were upregulated partially at N4 and N5 compared to the control category. Following the bacterial challenge, fish in the N4 and N5 categories also displayed the lowest fish mortality compared to the control category. The ethanolic extract displayed a more potent resistance against the parasite Cichlidogyrus tilapia in vitro than the aqueous and control categories, partially at 2 g/L. According to these findings, an ethanolic neem extract (2.0 g/kg feed) activates the immune system and antioxidant response in Nile tilapia fingerlings, improving growth and fish resistance to parasitic and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Radwan
- Marine Biology Branch, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Manaa
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, P.O. Box 13736, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M El-Feky
- Aquatic Resources, Natural Resources Studies and Research Department, College of High Asian Studies, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Amaal Mohammadein
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamila S Al Malki
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lobna A Badawy
- Department of Fish Resources and Aquaculture, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mahrous M Abbas
- Marine Biology Branch, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Min JH, Lee YJ, Kang HJ, Moon NR, Park YK, Joo ST, Jung YH. Characterization of Yeast Protein Hydrolysate for Potential Application as a Feed Additive. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:723-737. [PMID: 38765283 PMCID: PMC11097015 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast protein can be a nutritionally suitable auxiliary protein source in livestock food. The breakdown of proteins and thereby generating high-quality peptide, typically provides nutritional benefits. Enzyme hydrolysis has been effectively uesed to generate peptides; however, studies on the potential applications of different types of enzymes to produce yeast protein hydrolysates remain limited. This study investigated the effects of endo- (alcalase and neutrase) and exotype (flavourzyme and prozyme 2000P) enzyme treatments on yeast protein. Endotype enzymes facilitate a higher hydrolysis efficiency in yeast proteins than exotype enzymes. The highest degree of hydrolysis was observed for the protein treated with neutrase, which was followed by alcalase, prozyme 2000P, and flavourzyme. Furthermore, endotype enzyme treated proteins exhibited higher solubility than their exotype counterparts. Notably, the more uniform particle size distribution was observed in endotype treated yeast protein. Moreover, compared with the original yeast protein, the enzymatic protein hydrolysates possessed a higher content of β-sheets structures, indicating their higher structural stability. Regardless of enzyme type, enzyme treated protein possessed a higher total free amino acid content including essential amino acids. Therefore, this study provides significant insights into the production of protein hydrolysates as an alternative protein material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Min
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hye Jee Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Na Rae Moon
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | | | - Seon-Tea Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Ambrosi VA, Guidi SM, Primrose DM, Gonzalez CB, Polenta GA. Assessment of the Efficiency of Technological Processes to Modify Whey Protein Antigenicity. Foods 2023; 12:3361. [PMID: 37761071 PMCID: PMC10528868 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Whey is a by-product that represents a cheap source of protein with a high nutritional value, often used to improve food quality. When used as a raw material to produce hypoallergenic infant formulas (HIF), a processing step able to decrease the allergenic potential is required to guarantee their safe use for this purpose. In the present paper, thermal treatments, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) were assessed to decrease the antigenicity of whey protein solutions (WPC). For monitoring purposes, a competitive ELISA method, able to detect the major and most allergenic whey protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG), was developed as a first step to evaluate the efficiency of the processes. Results showed that EH together with HHP was the most effective combination to reduce WPC antigenicity. The evaluation method proved useful to monitor the processes and to be employed in the quality control of the final product, to guarantee the efficiency, and in protein antigenicity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina Andrea Ambrosi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos, CC 25, Castelar CP 1712, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables, UEDD, INTA, CC 25, Castelar CP 1712, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 954, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Silvina Mabel Guidi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos, CC 25, Castelar CP 1712, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables, UEDD, INTA, CC 25, Castelar CP 1712, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Informática y Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, Cabildo 134, Morón B1708WAB, Argentina
| | - Debora Marina Primrose
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Informática y Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, Cabildo 134, Morón B1708WAB, Argentina
| | - Claudia Beatriz Gonzalez
- National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Alberto Polenta
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos, CC 25, Castelar CP 1712, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables, UEDD, INTA, CC 25, Castelar CP 1712, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham (UNAHUR), Av Vergara 2222, Hurlingham CP 1688, Argentina
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Chinnadurai RK, Khan N, Meghwanshi GK, Ponne S, Althobiti M, Kumar R. Current research status of anti-cancer peptides: Mechanism of action, production, and clinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114996. [PMID: 37311281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating rate of cancer cases, together with treatment deficiencies and long-term side effects of currently used cancer drugs, has made this disease a global burden of the 21st century. The number of breast and lung cancer patients has sharply increased worldwide in the last few years. Presently, surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy strategies are used to cure cancer, which cause severe side effects, toxicities, and drug resistance. In recent years, anti-cancer peptides have become an eminent therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment due to their high specificity and fewer side effects and toxicity. This review presents an updated overview of different anti-cancer peptides, their mechanisms of action and current production strategies employed for their manufacture. In addition, approved and under clinical trials anti-cancer peptides and their applications have been discussed. This review provides updated information on therapeutic anti-cancer peptides that hold great promise for cancer treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Chinnadurai
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidhyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pondicherry 607402, India
| | - Nazam Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saravanaraman Ponne
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Maryam Althobiti
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden.
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Sari TP, Sirohi R, Krishania M, Bhoj S, Samtiya M, Duggal M, Kumar D, Badgujar PC. Critical overview of biorefinery approaches for valorization of protein rich tree nut oil industry by-product. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127775. [PMID: 35964919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review explores reutilization opportunities of protein-rich bio-waste derived from the major tree nuts (almonds, walnuts, and cashew nuts) oil processing industries through biorefinery strategies. The mechanically pressed out oil cakes of these nuts have high protein (45-55%), carbohydrate (30-35%), and fiber that could be utilized to produce bioactive peptides, biofuels, and dietary fiber, respectively; all of which can fetch substantially greater value than its current utilization as a cattle feed. Specific attention has been given to the production, characterization, and application of nut-based de-oiled cake hydrolysates for therapeutic benefits including antioxidant, antihypertensive and neuroprotective properties. The often-neglected safety/toxicological evaluation of the hydrolysates/peptide sequences has also been described. Based on the available data, it is concluded that enzymatic hydrolysis is a preferred method than microbial fermentation for the value addition of de-oiled tree nut cakes. Further, critical insights on the existing literature as well as potential research ideas have also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Sari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meena Krishania
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, Mohali 140 306, India
| | - Suvarna Bhoj
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India
| | - Muskaan Duggal
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, Mohali 140 306, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India; Division of Food Science and Technology, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad 121 004, Haryana, India
| | - Prarabdh C Badgujar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India.
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Gomes MJC, da Silva JS, Alves NEG, de Assis A, de Mejía EG, Mantovani HC, Martino HSD. Cooked common bean flour, but not its protein hydrolysate, has the potential to improve gut microbiota composition and function in BALB/c mice fed a high-fat diet added with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 106:109022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wei Z, Ma S, Chen R, Wu W, Fan H, Dai L, Deng Y. Aminipila luticellarii sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of strong aromatic Chinese liquor, and emended description of the genus Aminipila. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34662267 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel mesophilic, aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium, designated JN-18T, was isolated from the pit mud of a strong aromatic Chinese liquor. According to a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it had the highest sequence similarity to Aminipila butyrica DSM 103574T (95.69%). The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 43.39 mol%. The cells were Gram-stain-negative, slightly curved rods with flagella. Optimum growth was observed at 37 °C, pH 6.5 and without extra addition of NaCl. Strain JN-18Tutilized amino acids (l-alanine, l-arginine, l-asparagine, l-lysine, l-methionine, l-serine and l-threonine), malate and pyruvate, and used l-arginine and l-lysine to produce acetate, butyrate, H2, and CO2. The major cellular fatty acids of strain JN-18T were C14:0, C16:0 DMA and C18:1 cis-9 DMA. The carbohydrate composition of the cell wall predominantly included galactose, glucose and rhamnose. Based on its phylogenetic, phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain JN-18T was classified as a representative of a novel species within the genus Aminipila, for which the name Aminipila luticellarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JN-18T (=CCAM 412T=JCM 39126T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Wei
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Shichun Ma
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hui Fan
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lirong Dai
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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de Menezes CLA, Santos RDC, Santos MV, Boscolo M, da Silva R, Gomes E, da Silva RR. Industrial sustainability of microbial keratinases: production and potential applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Su C, Gong JS, Qin J, Li H, Li H, Xu ZH, Shi JS. The tale of a versatile enzyme: Molecular insights into keratinase for its industrial dissemination. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107655. [PMID: 33186607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Keratinases are unique among proteolytic enzymes for their ability to degrade recalcitrant insoluble proteins, and they are of critical importance in keratin waste management. Over the past few decades, researchers have focused on discovering keratinase producers, as well as producing and characterizing keratinases. The application potential of keratinases has been investigated in the feed, fertilizer, leathering, detergent, cosmetic, and medical industries. However, the commercial availability of keratinases is still limited due to poor productivity and properties, such as thermostability, storage stability and resistance to organic reagents. Advances in molecular biotechnology have provided powerful tools for enhancing the production and functional properties of keratinase. This critical review systematically summarizes the application potential of keratinase, and in particular certain newly discovered catalytic capabilities. Furthermore, we provide comprehensive insight into mechanistic and molecular aspects of keratinases including analysis of gene sequences and protein structures. In addition, development and current advances in protein engineering of keratinases are summarized and discussed, revealing that the engineering of protein domains such as signal peptides and pro-peptides has become an important strategy to increase production of keratinases. Finally, prospects for further development are also proposed, indicating that advanced protein engineering technologies will lead to improved and additional commercial keratinases for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Jiufu Qin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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Duffeck CE, de Menezes CLA, Boscolo M, da Silva R, Gomes E, da Silva RR. Keratinases from Coriolopsis byrsina as an alternative for feather degradation: applications for cloth cleaning based on commercial detergent compatibility and for the production of collagen hydrolysate. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2403-2412. [PMID: 32642979 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Keratinases are proteolytic enzymes that emerge as an alternative for dealing with the disposal of chicken feathers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the keratin-degrading enzymes secreted by the fungus Coriolopsis byrsina and their partial biochemical characterization to adapt their use for keratin decomposition, detergent additive applications, and collagen degradation. RESULTS We observed the secretion of different proteolytic enzymes that possessed caseinolytic activity that peaked at pH 7.0-9.0 and 60-70 °C and at pH 10.5 and 55-60 °C, and keratinolytic activity that reached a maximum at pH 7.0-7.5 and 40-55 ºC and at pH 9.0 and 55 °C. Keratinolytic activity was maintained at approximately 63% of residual activity for 1 h at 50 °C. The caseinolytic activity at pH 10.5 remains stable until 1 h at 50 °C, and this is in contrast to the activity at pH 8.5, where the residual activity was 50%. Caseinolytic activity was inhibited only by PMSF, while keratinolytic activity was inhibited by PMSF and EDTA. When investigating the application of C. byrsina peptidases as an additive to commercial detergent, we observed an egg stain removal performance that was similar to that demonstrated by the commercial detergent. CONCLUSIONS Based on their activity and stability at alkaline pH, these enzymes appear to be attractive candidates for use in the detergent industry. Additionally, the collagenolytic activity of these enzymes potentially allows for their use in a wide array of industrial sectors that require collagenolytic enzymes, such as for the production of collagen hydrolysates from residues derived from the meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Duffeck
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Lionela Ambrosio de Menezes
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Boscolo
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronivaldo Rodrigues da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Citrobacter diversus-derived keratinases and their potential application as detergent-compatible cloth-cleaning agents. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:969-977. [PMID: 32291739 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, poultry farming is one of the sectors that have a significant impact on the global economy. In recent years, there has been an increase in the production of broilers, inflicting this segment of the industry to generate tons of keratin due to huge disposal of chicken feathers. This points to the need to degrade these chicken feathers, as they have emerged as a major threat to the environment. Thus, in this study we aimed to identify keratinases that are produced by the bacterium Citrobacter diversus and further investigate the biochemical characteristics of these keratin-degrading enzymes. In a submerged medium, the bacterium was capable of degrading chicken feathers almost completely after 36 h of fermentation. We found a maximum caseinolytic activity at pH 9-10.5 and 50-55 °C, and keratinolytic activity at pH 8.5-9.5 and 50 °C. Thus, given its stability at higher temperatures, upon incubation of this enzyme extract for 1 h at 50 °C, it showed approximately 50% of the keratinolytic and 100% of the caseinolytic activity. Further, under pH stability for 48 h at 4 °C, the enzyme extract maintained greater residual activity in the pH range 6-8. Caseinolytic activity was inhibited by EDTA and PMSF, whereas the keratinolytic activity was inhibited only by EDTA. Additionally, due to its alkaline activity and detergent compatibility, this enzyme extract could improve washing performance when added to a commercial detergent formulation. Using application tests, we could demonstrate a potential use of this bacterial enzyme extract as an additive in detergents to remove egg stains from cloth.
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12
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Pereira WES, da Silva RR, de Amo GS, Ruller R, Kishi LT, Boscolo M, Gomes E, da Silva R. A Collagenolytic Aspartic Protease from Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae Expressed in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1258-1270. [PMID: 32086706 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are produced by the most diverse microorganisms and have a wide spectrum of applications. However, the use of wild microorganisms, mainly fungi, for enzyme production has some drawbacks. They are subject to physiological instability due to metabolic adaptations, causing complications and impairments in the production process. Thus, the objective of this work was to promote the heterologous expression of a collagenolytic aspartic protease (ProTiN31) from Thermomucor indicae seudaticae in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. The pET_28a (+) and pPICZαA vectors were synthesized containing the gene of the enzyme and transformed into E. coli and P. pastoris, respectively. The recombinant enzymes produced by E. coli and P. pastoris showed maximum activity at pH 5.0 and 50 °C, and pH 5.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The enzyme produced by P. pastoris showed better thermostability when compared to that produced by E. coli. Both enzymes were stable at pH 6.0 and 6.5 for 24 h at 4 °C, and sensitive to pepstatin A, β-mercaptoethanol, and Hg2+. Comparing the commercial collagen hydrolysate (Artrogen duo/Brazil) and gelatin degradation using protease from P. pastoris, they showed similar peptide profiles. There are its potential applications in a wide array of industrial sectors that use collagenolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldir Eduardo Simioni Pereira
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronivaldo Rodrigues da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Salvador de Amo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo campus Catanduva, Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ruller
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Boscolo
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil.
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da Silva RR, Duffeck CE, Boscolo M, da Silva R, Gomes E. Milk clotting and storage-tolerant peptidase from Aureobasidium leucospermi LB86. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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da Silva RR. Agricultural Enzymes, Phosphatases, Peptidases, and Sulfatases and the Expectations for Sustainable Agriculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4395-4396. [PMID: 30964672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronivaldo Rodrigues da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas , Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) , São José do Rio Preto , São Paulo 15054-000 , Brazil
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15
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Falco FC, Espersen R, Svensson B, Gernaey KV, Eliasson Lantz A. An integrated strategy for the effective production of bristle protein hydrolysate by the keratinolytic filamentous bacterium Amycolatopsis keratiniphila D2. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 89:94-102. [PMID: 31079763 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In a conventional microorganism-mediated biological process for degradation of keratinous waste material the production of keratin-specific proteases (i.e., keratinases) and the hydrolysis of keratin-rich residual biomass both take place during the same stage of the bioprocess and, as a consequence, occur simultaneously under suboptimal conditions. In the present study the keratinolytic actinomycete Amycolatopsis keratiniphila D2 was successfully employed to biodegrade thermally pretreated porcine bristles at high solids loading (16% w/v) via a novel cultivation methodology. Indeed, the two-stage submerged fermentation process developed in this work enabled to efficiently recover, in a single unit operation, about 73% of the protein material contained in the keratinous biowaste structure, resulting in an overall accumulation of 89.3 g·L-1 protein-rich hydrolysate and a productivity of 427 mg crude soluble proteins per litre per hour. The obtained protein hydrolysate powder displayed a 2.2-fold increase in its in vitro pepsin digestibility (95%) with respect to the non-hydrolysed pretreated substrate (43%). In addition, the chromatogram obtained by size-exclusion chromatography analysis of the final product indicated that, among the identified fractions, those consisting of small peptides and free amino acids were the most abundantly present inside the analysed sample. Given these facts it is possible to conclude that the soluble proteins, peptides and free amino acids recovered through the newly designed two-stage bioextraction process could represent a viable alternative source of protein in animal feed formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cristino Falco
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 229, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Roall Espersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 229, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Eliasson Lantz
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 229, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Biochemical characteristics and potential application of a novel ethanol and glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase secreted by Pichia guilliermondii G1.2. J Biotechnol 2019; 294:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Wang C, Su W, Zhang Y, Hao L, Wang F, Lu Z, Zhao J, Liu X, Wang Y. Solid-state fermentation of distilled dried grain with solubles with probiotics for degrading lignocellulose and upgrading nutrient utilization. AMB Express 2018; 8:188. [PMID: 30478751 PMCID: PMC6261088 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) was carried out in this study to improve the nutritional digestibility of two types of distilled dried grain with solubles (DDGS) by inoculating probiotic combinations. The fermented DDGS (FDDGS) contained more crude protein, small peptides and total amino acids than did unfermented DDGS. The concentrations of fiber indexes significantly declined after fermentation. The amounts of probiotics, enzymes and organic acids were significantly improved after fermentation. Microscopy revealed that SSF disrupted the surface structure and increased small fragments of DDGS substrate, thereby facilitating in vitro digestibility of FDDGS. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography indicated the breakdown of macromolecular protein and lignocellulose, which contributed to the increase of small peptides and monosaccharides. These findings suggested the great potential of SSF to promote the nutritional quality and digestibility of the two DDGS and to expand their utilization.
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da Silva RR. Different Processes for Keratin Degradation: The Ways for Biotechnological Application of Keratinases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9377-9378. [PMID: 30146874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronivaldo Rodrigues da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas , Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) , São José do Rio Preto , São Paulo 14051130 , Brazil
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da Silva RR. Keratinases as an Alternative Method Designed To Solve Keratin Disposal on the Environment: Its Relevance on Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7219-7221. [PMID: 29968474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronivaldo Rodrigues da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas , Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) , São José do Rio Preto , São Paulo 14051130 , Brazil
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