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Velayatipour F, Tarrahimofrad H, Zamani J, Fotouhi F, Aminzadeh S. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of AF-DP protein and in-silico approach of cell membrane disruption. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38319027 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Microbial resistance against common antibiotics has become one of the most serious threats to human health. The increasing statistics on this problem show the necessity of finding a way to deal with it. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides with unique properties and the capability of targeting a wide range of pathogens, have been considered as a potential for replacing common antibiotics. A small chitin-binding protein with anticandidal activity was isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds by Neto and colleagues in 2017, which very much resembled antimicrobial peptides. In this study, the antimicrobial protein 'AF-DP' was identified and characterized. AF-DP was heterologously expressed, purified, and characterized, and its 3D structure was predicted. Six molecular dynamic simulations were performed to investigate how the protein interacts with Gram-negative inner and outer, Gram-positive, fungal, cancerous, and normal mammalian membranes. Also, its antimicrobial and anticancer activity was assessed in vitro via minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and MTT assays, respectively. This protein with 111 amino acids and a total net charge (of 10.5) has been predicted to be mainly composed of alpha helix and random coils. Its MIC affecting the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans was 30 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, and 100 µg/ml, respectively; AF-DP showed anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Scanning electron microscopic analysis confirmed the creation of pores and scratches on the surface of the bacterial membrane. The results of this research show that AF-DP can be a candidate for the production of new drugs as an AMP with antimicrobial activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Velayatipour
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Tarrahimofrad
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zamani
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fotouhi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Fan L, Pan Z, Zhong Y, Guo J, Liao X, Pang R, Xu Q, Ye G, Su Y. L-glutamine sensitizes Gram-positive-resistant bacteria to gentamicin killing. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0161923. [PMID: 37882580 PMCID: PMC10715002 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01619-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection severely threatens human health due to high morbidity and mortality; it is urgent to develop novel strategies to tackle this problem. Metabolites belong to antibiotic adjuvants which improve the effect of antibiotics. Despite reports of L-glutamine being applied in antibiotic adjuvant for Gram-negative bacteria, how L-glutamine affects antibiotics against Gram-positive-resistant bacteria is still unclear. In this study, L-glutamine increases the antibacterial effect of gentamicin on MRSA, and it links to membrane permeability and pH gradient (ΔpH), resulting in uptake of more gentamicin. Of great interest, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) by glutathione was found under L-glutamine treatment; USA300 becomes sensitive again to gentamicin. This study not only offers deep understanding on ΔpH and ROS on bacterial resistance but also provides potential treatment solutions for targeting MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvyuan Fan
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology,Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Pan
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology,Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology,Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology,Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liao
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqiang Xu
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology,Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhu Ye
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology,Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu X, Wang P, Shi Y, Cui Y, Li S, Wu Dong G, Li J, Hao M, Zhai Y, Zhou D, Liu W, Wang A, Jin Y. (P)ppGpp synthetase Rsh participates in rifampicin tolerance of persister cells in Brucella abortus in vitro. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106310. [PMID: 37604214 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Brucella abortus is facultative intracellular pathogen that causes chronic persistent infections and results in abortion and infertility in food animals. Recurrent infections can be one of the results of persister cells formation that transiently displays phenotypic tolerance to high dose of antibiotics treatment. We examined persister cells formation of B. abortus strain A19 in stationary phase and investigated a potential role for the (p)ppGpp synthetase Rsh in this process. We found that B. abortus stationary phase cells can produce higher levels of multi-drugs tolerant persister cells in vitro under high dose of antibiotics (20 × MIC) exposure than do exponential phase cells. Persister cell formation was also induced with environmental stressors pH 4.5, 0.01 M PBS (pH7.0), 2% NaCl and 25 °C, upon exposure to ampicillin, enrofloxacin and rifampicin. Persister cells were not formed following exposure to 1 mM H2O2. The numbers of persister cells were significantly increased following uptake of B. abortus stationary phase cells by RAW264.7 macrophages in contrast with cultures in TSB liquid medium. Environmental stressors to B. abortus significantly increased expression of rsh mRNA level. The rsh null mutant (Δrsh) formed significantly fewer persister cells than the complemented (CΔrsh) and wildtype (WT) strains under high dose of rifampicin in vitro. These data for the first time demonstrate that B. abortus can produce multi-drug tolerant persister cells in stationary phase. The (p)ppGpp synthetase Rsh is necessary for persister cell formation in B. abortus in the presence of rifampicin. On this basis, a new understanding of the recurrent infections of Brucella was advanced, thus provided a new basis for revelation of pathogenic mechanism of the chronic persistent infection in Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yimeng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gaowa Wu Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junmei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingyue Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yunyi Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Huan S, Yang Y, Wang D, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zheng Y. Hippocampal proteins discovery of Panax quinquefolius and Acorus gramineus ameliorating cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1759-1773. [PMID: 37306736 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Early diagnosis of diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) and investigation of effective medicines are significant to prevent or delay the occurrence of irreversible dementia. OBJECTIVES In this study, proteomics was applied to investigate the changes of hippocampal proteins after administration of Panax quinquefolius-Acorus gramineus (PQ-AG) to DCI rats, with a view to discover the differentially expressed proteins of PQ-AG action and elucidated the potential biological relationships. METHODS The model and PQ-AG group rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin, and the PQ-AG group rats were continuously administered with PQ-AG. Social interaction and Morris water maze were performed to evaluate the behavior of rats on the 17th week after the model was established, and DCI rats were screened out from the model group by a screening approach. The hippocampal protein differences were investigated with proteomics in DCI and PQ-AG-treated rats. RESULTS The learning and memory abilities and contact duration of DCI rats were improved after 16 weeks of PQ-AG administration. Altogether, 9 and 17 differentially expressed proteins were observed in control versus DCI rats and in DCI versus PQ-AG-treated rats, respectively. Three proteins were confirmed with western blotting analyses. These proteins were mainly involved in the pathways of JAK-STAT, apoptosis, PI3K/AKT, fork-head box protein O3, fructose, and mannose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This suggested that PQ-AG ameliorated cognitive impairment of diabetic rats by influencing the above pathways and providing an experimental basis for the mechanism of DCI and PQ-AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huan
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - Xiu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
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Azırak S, Özgöçmen M. Linalool prevents kidney damage by inhibiting rifampicin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102097. [PMID: 37104973 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Today, kidney diseases are increasing day by day and life quality is decreasing. In hospitalized patients of all ages, acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly observed and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Rifampicin (RF) or rifampin is an antibiotic drug from the rifamycin group with a bactericidal effect. RF causes acute kidney injury, often anemia, thrombocytopenia, liver damage and side effect such as cell death. RF causes tissue damage by means of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Thus, in this study, it was examined whether linalool (LN) which had antinociceptive, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, was beneficial for kidney damage in order to eliminate the side effects of RF. NGAL mRNA, creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Caspase 9 (CAS-9) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) levels increased in the group treated with RF compared to the control group, while the levels of albumin, uric acid and total protein were decreased in the RF-treated group. NGAL mRNA, BUN, Cr, CAS-9 and NF-κB levels decreased significantly in RF+LN administered rats, while it was observed that there was an increase in the levels of albumin, uric acid and total protein. From the results obtained, it was observed that LN was determined to be very effective in preventing tissue damage in kidneys caused by oxidative stress by RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebile Azırak
- Vocational School of Health Services, University of Adıyaman, Adıyaman, Turkey.
| | - Meltem Özgöçmen
- Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Isparta, Turkey
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Chen YT, Ma YM, Peng XX, Li H. Glutamine potentiates gentamicin to kill lab-evolved gentamicin-resistant and clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1071278. [PMID: 36532472 PMCID: PMC9755591 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1071278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gentamicin is a conventional antibiotic in clinic. However, with the wide use of antibiotics, gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an ever-increasing problem that causes infection in both humans and animals. Thus, it is especially important to restore gentamicin-mediated killing efficacy. METHOD E. coli K12 BW25113 cells were passaged in medium with and without gentamicin and obtain gentamicin-resistant (K12-R GEN ) and control (K12-S) strains, respectively. Then, the metabonomics of the two strains were analyzed by GC-MS approach. RESULTS K12-R GEN metabolome was characterized as more decreased metabolites than increased metabolites. Meantime, in the most enriched metabolic pathways, almost all of the metabolites were depressed. Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and glutamine within the metabolic pathway were identified as the most key metabolic pathways and the most crucial biomarkers, respectively. Exogenous glutamine potentiated gentamicin-mediated killing efficacy in glutamine and gentamicin dose-and time-dependent manners in K12-R GEN . Further experiments showed that glutamine-enabled killing by gentamicin was effective to clinically isolated multidrug-resistant E. coli. DISCUSSION These results suggest that glutamine provides an ideal metabolic environment to restore gentamicin-mediated killing, which not only indicates that glutamine is a broad-spectrum antibiotic synergist, but also expands the range of metabolites that contribute to the bactericidal efficiency of aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-mei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan-xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Jara M, Barrett M, Maes I, Regnault C, Imamura H, Domagalska MA, Dujardin JC. Transcriptional Shift and Metabolic Adaptations during Leishmania Quiescence Using Stationary Phase and Drug Pressure as Models. Microorganisms 2022; 10:97. [PMID: 35056546 PMCID: PMC8781126 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms can adopt a quiescent physiological condition which acts as a survival strategy under unfavorable conditions. Quiescent cells are characterized by slow or non-proliferation and a deep downregulation of processes related to biosynthesis. Although quiescence has been described mostly in bacteria, this survival skill is widespread, including in eukaryotic microorganisms. In Leishmania, a digenetic parasitic protozoan that causes a major infectious disease, quiescence has been demonstrated, but the molecular and metabolic features enabling its maintenance are unknown. Here, we quantified the transcriptome and metabolome of Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes where quiescence was induced in vitro either, through drug pressure or by stationary phase. Quiescent cells have a global and coordinated reduction in overall transcription, with levels dropping to as low as 0.4% of those in proliferating cells. However, a subset of transcripts did not follow this trend and were relatively upregulated in quiescent populations, including those encoding membrane components, such as amastins and GP63, or processes like autophagy. The metabolome followed a similar trend of overall downregulation albeit to a lesser magnitude than the transcriptome. It is noteworthy that among the commonly upregulated metabolites were those involved in carbon sources as an alternative to glucose. This first integrated two omics layers afford novel insight into cell regulation and show commonly modulated features across stimuli and stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Jara
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (I.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Michael Barrett
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (M.B.); (C.R.)
- Glasgow Polyomics, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ilse Maes
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (I.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Clement Regnault
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (M.B.); (C.R.)
- Glasgow Polyomics, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Hideo Imamura
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Malgorzata Anna Domagalska
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (I.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Jean-Claude Dujardin
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (I.M.); (M.A.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
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Rifamycin antibiotics and the mechanisms of their failure. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:786-798. [PMID: 34400805 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rifamycins are a class of antibiotics that were first discovered in 1957 and are known for their use in treating tuberculosis (TB). Rifamycins exhibit bactericidal activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting RNA polymerase (RNAP); however, resistance is prevalent and the mechanisms range from primary target modification and antibiotic inactivation to cytoplasmic exclusion. Further, phenotypic resistance, in which only a subpopulation of bacteria grow in concentrations exceeding their minimum inhibitory concentration, and tolerance, which is characterized by reduced rates of bacterial cell death, have been identified as additional causes of rifamycin failure. Here we summarize current understanding and recent developments regarding this critical antibiotic class.
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Bespyatykh J, Bespiatykh D, Malakhova M, Klimina K, Bespyatykh A, Varizhuk A, Tevyashova A, Nikolenko T, Pozmogova G, Ilina E, Shitikov E. Aureolic Acid Group of Agents as Potential Antituberculosis Drugs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E715. [PMID: 33086595 PMCID: PMC7650759 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most dangerous pathogens. Bacterial resistance to antituberculosis drugs grows each year, but searching for new drugs is a long process. Testing for available drugs to find active against mycobacteria may be a good alternative. In this work, antibiotics of the aureolic acid group were tested on a model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis. We presumed that antibiotics of this group may be potential G4 ligands. However, this was not confirmed in our analyses. We determined the antimicrobial activity of these drugs and revealed morphological changes in the cell structure upon treatment. Transcriptomic analysis documented increased expression of MSMEG_3743/soj and MSMEG_4228/ftsW, involved in cell division. Therefore, drugs may affect cell division, possibly disrupting the function of the Z-ring and the formation of a septum. Additionally, a decrease in the transcription level of several indispensable genes, such as nitrate reductase subunits (MSMEG_5137/narI and MSMEG_5139/narX) and MSMEG_3205/hisD was shown. We concluded that the mechanism of action of aureolic acid and its related compounds may be similar to that bedaquiline and disturb the NAD+/NADH balance in the cell. All of this allowed us to conclude that aureolic acid derivatives can be considered as potential antituberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bespyatykh
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (D.B.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (T.N.); (G.P.); (E.I.); (E.S.)
| | - Dmitry Bespiatykh
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (D.B.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (T.N.); (G.P.); (E.I.); (E.S.)
| | - Maja Malakhova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (D.B.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (T.N.); (G.P.); (E.I.); (E.S.)
| | - Ksenia Klimina
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (D.B.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (T.N.); (G.P.); (E.I.); (E.S.)
| | - Andrey Bespyatykh
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Anna Varizhuk
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (D.B.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (T.N.); (G.P.); (E.I.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Tatiana Nikolenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (D.B.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (T.N.); (G.P.); (E.I.); (E.S.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Pozmogova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (D.B.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (T.N.); (G.P.); (E.I.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Ilina
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (D.B.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (T.N.); (G.P.); (E.I.); (E.S.)
| | - Egor Shitikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (D.B.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (T.N.); (G.P.); (E.I.); (E.S.)
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L-Alanine specifically potentiates fluoroquinolone efficacy against Mycobacterium persisters via increased intracellular reactive oxygen species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2137-2147. [PMID: 31940082 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major global health concern; M. tuberculosis drug resistance and persistence further fueled the situation. Nutrient supportive therapy was intensively pursued to complement the conventional treatment, as well as their synergy with current antibiotics. To explore whether L-alanine can synergize with fluoroquinolones against M. tuberculosis, M. smegmatis was used as a surrogate in this study. We found that L-alanine can boost the bactericidal efficacy of fluoroquinolones, increasing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. This effect is very significant for persisters. Accelerated tricarboxylic acid cycle and/or nucleotide metabolism were observed after the addition of L-alanine. M. smegmatis MSMEG2660 is a homolog of the alanine dehydrogenase (Rv2780, MSMEG2659) negative regulator Rv2779c and involved in the L-alanine potentiation of fluoroquinolone via funneling more alanine into tricarboxylic acid. Deletion mutant of the MSMEG2660 (∆Ms2660) became more susceptible, and more readily revived from persistence. We firstly found that L-alanine can synergize with fluoroquinolones against Mycobacterium, especially the persisters via promoting metabolism. This will inspire new avenue to eliminate Mycobacterium persisters.
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