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Ding Z, Mou Z, Li Y, Liang C, Xie Z, Wang J, Hui D, Lambers H, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Xu H, Liu Z. Spatial variation and controls of soil microbial necromass carbon in a tropical montane rainforest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170986. [PMID: 38373450 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Soil microbial necromass carbon is an important component of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool which helps to improve soil fertility and texture. However, the spatial pattern and variation mechanisms of fungal- and bacterial-derived necromass carbon at local scales in tropical rainforests are uncertain. This study showed that microbial necromass carbon and its proportion in SOC in tropical montane rainforest exhibited large spatial variation and significant autocorrelation, with significant high-high and low-low clustering patterns. Microbial necromass carbon accounted for approximately one-third of SOC, and the fungal-derived microbial necromass carbon and its proportion in SOC were, on average, approximately five times greater than those of bacterial-derived necromass. Structural equation models indicated that soil properties (SOC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) and topographic features (elevation, convexity, and aspect) had significant positive effects on microbial necromass carbon concentrations, but negative effects on its proportions in SOC (especially the carbon:nitrogen ratio). Plant biomass also had significant negative effects on the proportion of microbial necromass carbon in SOC, but was not correlated with its concentration. The different spatial variation mechanisms of microbial necromass carbon and their proportions in SOC are possibly related to a slower accumulation rate of microbial necromass carbon than of plant-derived organic carbon. Geographic spatial correlations can significantly improve the microbial necromass carbon model fit, and low sampling resolution may lead to large uncertainties in estimating soil carbon dynamics at specific sites. Our work will be valuable for understanding microbial necromass carbon variation in tropical forests and soil carbon prediction model construction with microbial participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhijian Mou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zicai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Zhanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Liu X, Zhou W, Wang X, Wu H, Dong W. Microbial gradual shifts during the process of species replacement in Taihang Mountain. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1158731. [PMID: 37089536 PMCID: PMC10113637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1158731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionUnderstanding microbial gradual shifts along species replacement can help elucidate the mechanisms driving secondary succession, and predict microbial responses to changing environments. However, how climate-induced species replacement alters microbial processes, and whether microbial shifts follow predictable assembly trajectories remain unclear.MethodsUsing space-for-time substitution approach, we studied shifts in bacterial and fungal communities in the succession from Leptodermis oblonga to Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrubland in Taihang Mountain.Results and DiscussionSpecies replacement, induced by climate related environmental change, significantly increased the above-ground biomass of shrublands, and TP and TK contents in topsoil. The succession from L. oblonga to V. negundo var. heterophylla communities resulted in the gradually replacement of cold-tolerant microbes with warm-affinity ones, and alterations of microbial communities involved in soil biogeochemical processes. Soil and plant variables, such as above-ground biomass, soil pH, total phosphorus, and total potassium, well explained the variations in microbial communities, indicating that the coordinated changes in plant communities and soil properties during secondary succession caused accompanied shifts in microbial diversity and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wangming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Xinzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxu Dong,
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Jiang C, Zeng H. Unique Habitat of Karst Tiankengs Changes the Taxonomy and Potential Metabolism of Soil Microbial Communities. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0231622. [PMID: 36648219 PMCID: PMC9927240 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02316-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in karst ecosystems have been extensively studied. However, in a class of deep-lying habitats with unique climates (karst tiankeng), the structure and ecological functions of microorganisms receive little attention, which is essential for understanding the biogeochemistry of karst tiankeng. Herein, microorganisms from inside (ITK) and outside (OTK) karst tiankengs were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the structure and function of soil bacterial communities inside and outside karst tiankengs were significantly different. The ITK microbial communities presented significantly higher Shannon diversity due to the abundant nutrients in karst tiankeng soil. Random molecular ecological network analysis revealed that the ITK network was simpler and more vulnerable and may be susceptible to environmental changes. More positive links within the network indicate that microorganisms adapt to the karst tiankeng through synergies. The keystones in karst tiankeng were mainly involved in the decomposition of soil organic matter and carbon/nitrogen cycles. Although soil total phosphorus and available potassium regulate microbial community structure variation, dispersal limitation is the predominant ecological process within the microbial community in karst tiankeng. In addition, the functional profiles of the microbial communities reveal that some human diseases (such as infectious diseases) exist in OTK. Collectively, these findings have enhanced our understanding of microbial interactions, ecological functions, and community composition processes in karst tiankeng ecosystems. IMPORTANCE Constrained by the trapped terrain, a unique ecosystem has formed in karst tiankeng. Soil microorganisms are essential for the formation and maintenance of ecosystems, but soil microbial ecology research in karst tiankeng is still lacking. In this study, representative habitats inside and outside karst tiankeng were selected to study the taxonomy and potential metabolism of soil microbial communities. The results show that the unique habitat of karst tiankeng reshapes the composition, structure, and function of soil microbial communities. Our results contribute to enhancing our understanding of sustainable recovery strategies in fragile ecosystems and understanding the biodiversity value of karst tiankeng under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Jiang
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
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Zhao Y, Luo M, Zhou Y, Jia X, Kang S, Yang S, Mu Q. Spatial patterns of dominant bacterial community components and their influential factors in the southern Qinling Mountains, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1024236. [PMID: 36620000 PMCID: PMC9816149 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1024236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Soil bacteria not only maintain the biodiversity of forest ecosystems but also affect soil nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. Nonetheless, the spatial pattern and patchy distribution of dominant bacterial community components in soil are still rarely explored. Method The spatial pattern and distribution of the dominant bacterial community components and their influential factors were investigated using traditional statistics, geostatistics, and kriging spatial interpolation methods in the Huoditang region of the Qinling Mountains, China. Results The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Rokubacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia in this region. Among the bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria occupied an area of 2.56 km2 (the greatest) in the highest patch category, followed by Planctomycetes. Moreover, among the lowest patch category, Firmicutes occupied the lowest area (11.93 km2). The results of kriging maps showed that the dominant bacterial group presented "peak," "bimodal," and "multimodal" distributions in Huoditang. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, and ASV (amplicon sequence variants) had significant spatial autocorrelation (< 0.68 km). Variance partitioning analysis confirmed that soil nutrients (36.5%) were the significant driving factors shaping the bacterial community structure, followed by environmental factors (28.2%) and topographic factors (7.8%). Furthermore, pH (9.1%), soil organic carbon (SOC, 6.6%), available phosphorus (AP, 4.7%), and elevation (3.9%) were the most important driving factors for the spatial distribution of bacterial community groups in the Huoditang Forest of the Qinling Mountains. The findings provide a new perspective for studying the spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of dominant soil bacterial community components in subtropical forest ecosystems.
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Jiang C, Liu Y, Li H, Zhu S, Sun X, Wu K, Shui W. The characterization of microbial communities and associations in karst tiankeng. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1002198. [PMID: 36338100 PMCID: PMC9632645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The karst tiankeng is a special and grand negative terrain on the surface, that maintains a unique ecosystem. However, knowledge about bacterial and fungal communities in karst tiankengs is still limited. Therefore, soil samples from five karst tiankengs were collected and subjected to high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS genes, and multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed abundant and diversified bacterial and fungal communities in karst tiankeng. The bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, and the fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in bacterial and fungal communities among the five karst tiankengs, which may indicate that the distribution of bacterial and fungal communities was driven by separate karst tiankengs. The co-occurrence network structure was characterized by highly modularized assembly patterns and more positive interactions. The keystone taxa were mainly involved in nutrient cycling and energy metabolism. The null model analysis results showed that the stochastic process, especially dispersal limitation, tended to be more important in controlling the development of bacterial and fungal communities in karst tiankeng. The bacterial community structure was significantly associated with soil properties (SWC, TN, AN, and BD), while the fungal community structure was significantly associated with soil properties (SWC and TP) and plant diversity. These results can expand our knowledge of the karst tiankeng microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Jiang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmeng Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sufeng Zhu
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kexing Wu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Shui
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Shui,
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Soil Metabolomics Predict Microbial Taxa as Biomarkers of Moisture Status in Soils from a Tidal Wetland. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081653. [PMID: 36014071 PMCID: PMC9416152 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present observations from a laboratory-controlled study on the impacts of extreme wetting and drying on a wetland soil microbiome. Our approach was to experimentally challenge the soil microbiome to understand impacts on anaerobic carbon cycling processes as the system transitions from dryness to saturation and vice-versa. Specifically, we tested for impacts on stress responses related to shifts from wet to drought conditions. We used a combination of high-resolution data for small organic chemical compounds (metabolites) and biological (community structure based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing) features. Using a robust correlation-independent data approach, we further tested the predictive power of soil metabolites for the presence or absence of taxa. Here, we demonstrate that taking an untargeted, multidimensional data approach to the interpretation of metabolomics has the potential to indicate the causative pathways selecting for the observed bacterial community structure in soils.
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Spatial Variations in Fine Root Turnover, Biomass, and Necromass of Two Vegetation Types in a Karst Ecosystem, Southwestern China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Revealing the patterns of fine root turnover traits can aid our understanding of the mechanisms of fine roots in adapting to soil nutrient changes. In a karst ecosystem of southwest China, the fine root turnover rate, production, biomass, necromass, biomass/necromass ratio, as well as the soil total and available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, and root carbon (C) and N concentrations were analyzed in upper, middle, and lower slope positions of two vegetation types (shrubland and forest). The results showed that the soil total and available N and P and fine root production, biomass, and necromass were significantly higher in upper slope positions than those in lower slope positions in both vegetation types. However, the fine root turnover rates were slightly higher in upper positions than those in lower positions. In addition, fine root necromass was significantly lower in shrubland than that in forest, while the biomass/necromass ratio was the opposite. Therefore, fine root production and biomass were significantly affected by slope position, while the fine root biomass/necromass ratio was significantly influenced by vegetation type. Additionally, fine root necromass was significantly influenced by the slope position and vegetation, but the turnover rate was slightly impacted by the two factors. It was also found that fine root production, biomass, and necromass had significant positive correlations with the soil total and available N and P and root C concentrations, and had significant negative correlations with root N concentrations. Moreover, the biomass/necromass ratio was positively and negatively related to the root N concentrations and C/N ratios, respectively. Thus, the variations in these five parameters of fine root turnover were mainly explained by fine root nutrients and the interactive effects between fine root and soil nutrients. The above results indicated that these variations in fine roots responding to soil and root nutrient changes might be an adaptive mechanism to enhance plant nutrient acquisition in nutrient-poor karst ecosystems.
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Chen H, Peng W, Du H, Song T, Zeng F, Wang F. Effect of Different Grain for Green Approaches on Soil Bacterial Community in a Karst Region. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:577242. [PMID: 33193195 PMCID: PMC7662124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.577242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil bacteria participate in nutrient cycling above and below ground to promote ecosystem stability and health. However, the relationship of soil bacteria and environmental factors following the Grain for Green (GfG) program remains poorly understood in southwest China. Soil samples were collected from seven Grain for Green sites that had been revegetated for 15 years. Four of these sites were afforested with a different tree species: Zenia insignis (ZI), Toona sinensis (TS), Castanea mollissima (CM), and Citrus reticulate (CR). One site was revegetated with Zenia insignis and Guimu-1 elephant grass (ZG), and one with only Guimu-1 elephant grass (GM). The remaining site, abandoned cropland (AC), was left to regenerate naturally. Here, we used Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to explore how the Grain for Green project affected soil bacterial community. We found that Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria were the dominant phyla in these soils. The dominant genera at each revegetation site were also different. The CM, ZI, TS, and AC sites were dominated by Micromonospora, ZG was dominated by Streptomyces, and CR and GM were dominated by Subgroup 6. The bacterial structure was most similar in AC and TS. Correlation analysis showed that the ratio of C:P had positive effects on KD4-96, Intrasporangiaceae, and Gaiella. The ratio of soil N:P was significantly positively correlated with Cupriavidus and Kribbella. The combination of planting Zenia insignis and Guimu-1 elephant grass had the best edaphic benefits, and the approach of planting Citrus reticulate and Toona sinensis needs to be improved. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that plant Simpson index, and soil N:P contributed to 16 and 15.7% of the total variations in the soil bacterial community composition, respectively. Our results suggested that plant diversity (Simpson index) and soil stoichiometric ratio (N:P) were the important factors affecting the bacterial community, and phosphorus was the limiting factor of the bacterial community in the Grain for Green karst region. In the future, revegetation should be accompanied with phosphorus fertilizer and polycultures should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
| | - Wanxia Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
| | - Hu Du
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
| | - Tongqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
| | - Fuping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
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Water-soluble phosphorus contributes significantly to shaping the community structure of rhizospheric bacteria in rocky desertification areas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18408. [PMID: 31804618 PMCID: PMC6895182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms play important roles in soil improvement. Therefore, clarifying the contribution of environmental factors in shaping the microbial community structure is beneficial to improve soil fertility in karst rocky desertification areas. Here, the bacterial community structures of eight rhizospheric soil samples collected from perennial fruit plantations were analysed using an Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. The diversity and abundance of bacteria in rocky desertification areas were significantly lower than those in non-rocky desertification areas, while the bacterial community structure was not significantly different between root surface and non-root surface soils in the same rhizospheric soil samples. Proteobacteria predominated in rocky desertification areas, while Actinobacteria predominated in non-rocky desertification areas. Correlation analysis revealed that water-soluble phosphorus content (r2 = 0.8258), latitude (r2 = 0.7556), altitude (r2 = 0.7501), and the age of fruit trees (r2 = 0.7321) were positively correlated with the bacterial community structure, while longitude, pH, and total phosphorus content did not significantly influence the soil bacterial community structure. As water-soluble phosphorus content is derived from insoluble phosphorus minerals, supplementing phosphorus-solubilising bacteria to soils in rocky desertification areas is a feasible strategy for accelerating the dissolution of insoluble phosphorus minerals and improving agricultural production and environment ecology.
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