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Gyaltshen Y, Ishii Y, Charvet S, Goetz E, Maruyama S, Kim E. Molecular diversity of green-colored microbial mats from hot springs of northern Japan. Extremophiles 2024; 28:43. [PMID: 39217229 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
We acquired and analyzed metagenome and 16S/18S rRNA gene amplicon data of green-colored microbial mats from two hot springs within the Onikobe geothermal region (Miyagi Prefecture, Japan). The two collection sites-Tamago and Warabi-were in proximity and had the same temperature (40 °C), but the Tamago site was connected to a nearby stream, whereas the Warabi site was isolated. Both the amplicon and metagenome data suggest the bacterial, especially cyanobacterial, dominance of the mats; other abundant groups include Chloroflexota, Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota/Chlorobiota, and Deinococcota. At finer resolution, however, the taxonomic composition entirely differed between the mats. A total of 5 and 21 abundant bacterial 16S rRNA gene OTUs were identified for Tamago and Warabi, respectively; of these, 12 are putative chlorophyll- or rhodopsin-based phototrophs. The presence of phylogenetically diverse microbial eukaryotes was noted, with ciliates and amoebozoans being the most abundant eukaryote groups for Tamago and Warabi, respectively. Fifteen metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were obtained, represented by 13 bacteria, one ciliate (mitochondrion), and one giant virus. A total of 15 novel taxa, including a new deeply branching Chlorobiota species, is noted from the amplicon and MAG data, highlighting the importance of environmental sequencing in uncovering hidden microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtsho Gyaltshen
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Yuu Ishii
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Sakyo ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, 149, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Sophie Charvet
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, 17870, USA
| | - Eleanor Goetz
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Shinichiro Maruyama
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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Kostešić E, Mitrović M, Kajan K, Marković T, Hausmann B, Orlić S, Pjevac P. Microbial Diversity and Activity of Biofilms from Geothermal Springs in Croatia. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2305-2319. [PMID: 37209180 PMCID: PMC10640420 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hot spring biofilms are stable, highly complex microbial structures. They form at dynamic redox and light gradients and are composed of microorganisms adapted to the extreme temperatures and fluctuating geochemical conditions of geothermal environments. In Croatia, a large number of poorly investigated geothermal springs host biofilm communities. Here, we investigated the microbial community composition of biofilms collected over several seasons at 12 geothermal springs and wells. We found biofilm microbial communities to be temporally stable and highly dominated by Cyanobacteria in all but one high-temperature sampling site (Bizovac well). Of the physiochemical parameters recorded, temperature had the strongest influence on biofilm microbial community composition. Besides Cyanobacteria, the biofilms were mainly inhabited by Chloroflexota, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidota. In a series of incubations with Cyanobacteria-dominated biofilms from Tuhelj spring and Chloroflexota- and Pseudomonadota-dominated biofilms from Bizovac well, we stimulated either chemoorganotrophic or chemolithotrophic community members, to determine the fraction of microorganisms dependent on organic carbon (in situ predominantly produced via photosynthesis) versus energy derived from geochemical redox gradients (here simulated by addition of thiosulfate). We found surprisingly similar levels of activity in response to all substrates in these two distinct biofilm communities, and observed microbial community composition and hot spring geochemistry to be poor predictors of microbial activity in the study systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Kostešić
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Mitrović
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Kajan
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Split, Croatia
| | | | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandi Orlić
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Split, Croatia
| | - Petra Pjevac
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Barbosa C, Tamayo-Leiva J, Alcorta J, Salgado O, Daniele L, Morata D, Díez B. Effects of hydrogeochemistry on the microbial ecology of terrestrial hot springs. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0024923. [PMID: 37754764 PMCID: PMC10581198 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00249-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature, pH, and hydrochemistry of terrestrial hot springs play a critical role in shaping thermal microbial communities. However, the interactions of biotic and abiotic factors at this terrestrial-aquatic interface are still not well understood on a global scale, and the question of how underground events influence microbial communities remains open. To answer this, 11 new samples obtained from the El Tatio geothermal field were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V4 region), along with 191 samples from previous publications obtained from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, and the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, with their temperature, pH, and major ion concentration. Microbial alpha diversity was lower in acid-sulfate waters, and no significant correlations were found with temperature. However, moderate correlations were observed between chemical parameters such as pH (mostly constrained to temperatures below 70°C), SO4 2- and abundances of members of the phyla Armatimonadota, Deinococcota, Chloroflexota, Campilobacterota, and Thermoplasmatota. pH and SO4 2- gradients were explained by phase separation of sulfur-rich hydrothermal fluids and oxidation of reduced sulfur in the steam phase, which were identified as key processes shaping these communities. Ordination and permutational analysis of variance showed that temperature, pH, and major element hydrochemistry explain only 24% of the microbial community structure. Therefore, most of the variance remained unexplained, suggesting that other environmental or biotic factors are also involved and highlighting the environmental complexity of the ecosystem and its great potential to test niche theory ecological associated questions. IMPORTANCE This is the first approach to investigate whether geothermal processes could have an influence on the ecology of thermal microbial communities on a global scale. In addition to temperature and pH, microbial communities are structured by sulfate concentrations, which depends on the tectono-magmatic settings (such as the depth of magmatic chambers) and the local settings (such as the availability of a confining layer separating NaCl waters from steam after phase separation) and the possibility of mixing with more diluted fluids. Comparison of microbial communities from different geothermal areas by homogeneous sequence processing showed that no significant geographic distance decay was detected on the microbial communities according to Bray-Curtis, Jaccard, unweighted, and weighted Unifrac similarity/dissimilarity indices. Instead, an ancient potential divergence in the same taxonomic groups is suggested between globally distant thermal zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Barbosa
- Department of Geology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA-Fondap), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Tamayo-Leiva
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center of Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Alcorta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center of Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Salgado
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile
| | - Linda Daniele
- Department of Geology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA-Fondap), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Morata
- Department of Geology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA-Fondap), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatríz Díez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center of Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
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Konrad R, Vergara-Barros P, Alcorta J, Alcamán-Arias ME, Levicán G, Ridley C, Díez B. Distribution and Activity of Sulfur-Metabolizing Bacteria along the Temperature Gradient in Phototrophic Mats of the Chilean Hot Spring Porcelana. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1803. [PMID: 37512975 PMCID: PMC10385741 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In terrestrial hot springs, some members of the microbial mat community utilize sulfur chemical species for reduction and oxidization metabolism. In this study, the diversity and activity of sulfur-metabolizing bacteria were evaluated along a temperature gradient (48-69 °C) in non-acidic phototrophic mats of the Porcelana hot spring (Northern Patagonia, Chile) using complementary meta-omic methodologies and specific amplification of the aprA (APS reductase) and soxB (thiosulfohydrolase) genes. Overall, the key players in sulfur metabolism varied mostly in abundance along the temperature gradient, which is relevant for evaluating the possible implications of microorganisms associated with sulfur cycling under the current global climate change scenario. Our results strongly suggest that sulfate reduction occurs throughout the whole temperature gradient, being supported by different taxa depending on temperature. Assimilative sulfate reduction is the most relevant pathway in terms of taxonomic abundance and activity, whereas the sulfur-oxidizing system (Sox) is likely to be more diverse at low rather than at high temperatures. Members of the phylum Chloroflexota showed higher sulfur cycle-related transcriptional activity at 66 °C, with a potential contribution to sulfate reduction and oxidation to thiosulfate. In contrast, at the lowest temperature (48 °C), Burkholderiales and Acetobacterales (both Pseudomonadota, also known as Proteobacteria) showed a higher contribution to dissimilative sulfate reduction/oxidation as well as to thiosulfate metabolism. Cyanobacteriota and Planctomycetota were especially active in assimilatory sulfate reduction. Analysis of the aprA and soxB genes pointed to members of the order Burkholderiales (Gammaproteobacteria) as the most dominant and active along the temperature gradient for these genes. Changes in the diversity and activity of different sulfur-metabolizing bacteria in photoautotrophic microbial mats along a temperature gradient revealed their important role in hot spring environments, especially the main primary producers (Chloroflexota/Cyanobacteriota) and diazotrophs (Cyanobacteriota), showing that carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles are highly linked in these extreme systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Konrad
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Pablo Vergara-Barros
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Jaime Alcorta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - María E Alcamán-Arias
- Department of Oceanography, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago 8370449, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Gloria Levicán
- Biology Department, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Christina Ridley
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago 8370449, Chile
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Nagar S, Bharti M, Negi RK. Genome-resolved metagenomics revealed metal-resistance, geochemical cycles in a Himalayan hot spring. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3273-3289. [PMID: 37052633 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The hot spring microbiome is a complex assemblage of micro- and macro-organisms; however, the understanding and projection of enzymatic repertoire that access earth's integral ecosystem processes remains ambivalent. Here, the Khirganga hot spring characterized with white microbial mat and ions rich in sulfate, chlorine, sodium, and magnesium ions is investigated and displayed the examination of 41 high and medium qualified metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) belonged to at least 12 bacterial and 2 archaeal phyla which aids to drive sulfur, oxygen, iron, and nitrogen cycles with metabolic mechanisms involved in heavy metal tolerance. These MAGs possess over 1749 genes putatively involved in crucial metabolism of elements viz. nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur and 598 genes encoding enzymes for czc efflux system, chromium, arsenic, and copper heavy metals resistance. The MAGs also constitute 229 biosynthetic gene clusters classified abundantly as bacteriocins and terpenes. The metabolic roles possibly involved in altering linkages in nitrogen biogeochemical cycles and explored a discerned rate of carbon fixation exclusively in archaeal member Methanospirillum hungatei inhabited in microbial mat. Higher Pfam entropy scores of biogeochemical cycling in Proteobacteria members assuring their major contribution in assimilation of ammonia and sequestration of nitrate and sulfate components as electron acceptors. This study will readily improve the understanding of the composite relationship between bacterial species owning metal resistance genes (MRGs) and underline the exploration of adaptive mechanism of these MAGs in multi-metal contaminated environment. KEY POINTS: • Identification of 41 novel bacterial and archaeal species in habitats of hot spring • Genome-resolved metagenomics revealed MRGs (n = 598) against Cr, Co, Zn, Cd, As, and Cu • Highest entropies of N (0.48) and Fe (0.44) cycles were detected within the MAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Nagar
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, Kalkaji, New Delhi, India
| | - Meghali Bharti
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ram Krishan Negi
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Taxonomic Diversity of the Microbial Biofilms Collected along the Thermal Streams on Kunashir Island. ECOLOGIES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ecologies4010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Hot springs are known as highly adverse extreme environments where thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms can survive. We describe taxonomic diversity of several microbial biofilms collected along water temperature gradient in hot streams in the aquatic system of the Stolbovskie hot springs on Kunashir Island, Kurils, Russia. The taxonomic composition of the studied microbial communities was assessed by the 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding for bacteria and archaea, and by the 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding for protists. Richness and diversity of bacteria in the geothermal microbial communities decreased with the increase of temperature, while for archaea, the tendency was the opposite. Ciliophora was the most represented taxon of protists. The biofilms of various kinds that we found in a very local area of the geothermal system were different from each other by taxonomic composition, and the level of their taxonomic diversity was significantly influenced by water temperature.
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Bai C, Gao G, Tang X, Shao K, Hu Y, Xia J, Liu J. Contrasting diversity patterns and community assembly mechanisms of bacterioplankton among different aquatic habitats in Lake Taihu, a large eutrophic shallow lake in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120342. [PMID: 36240961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication leads to the degradation of lake habitat types from macrophyte-dominated habitats (MDH) to algae-dominated habitats (ADH), which is a common environmental problem faced by many lakes. However, the variations in diversities and community assembly processes of bacterioplankton in the process of lake eutrophication have not been thoroughly elucidated. Here, we contrasted bacterial diversity patterns and processes of community assembly among ADH, MDH, and other habitats (OH) of Lake Taihu, a large shallow eutrophic lake in China with strong wind-induced disturbances. We found that the bacterial diversity patterns and potential functions between ADH and MDH were significantly different. Moreover, the contributions of purely environmental variables to the bacterial diversity patterns of all habitat types were much higher than those of spatial variables. However, the relative importance of stochasticity in the bacterial community assembly of each habitat type was much higher than that of determinism. Intriguingly, 'undominated' stochastic processes shape the diversity patterns of bacterioplankton in ADH, MDH, and OH of Lake Taihu. These findings demonstrate that the degradation of lake habitats caused by eutrophication can profoundly change the diversity and potential function patterns of the bacterioplankton community in lake ecosystems. Although the distinct diversity patterns of the bacterioplankton among the different aquatic habitats in Lake Taihu can be affected by deterministic processes (local environmental variables), they were dominated by stochastic processes (drift). Our study confirms that strong, disordered, wind-induced disturbances in shallow lakes could lead to strong hydrologic mixing, thus increasing the randomness of bacterial community assembly in each habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrong Bai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256600, PR China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Xiangming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Keqiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Jiangbao Xia
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256600, PR China
| | - Jingtao Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256600, PR China
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Vergara-Barros P, Alcorta J, Casanova-Katny A, Nürnberg DJ, Díez B. Compensatory Transcriptional Response of Fischerella thermalis to Thermal Damage of the Photosynthetic Electron Transfer Chain. Molecules 2022; 27:8515. [PMID: 36500606 PMCID: PMC9740203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Key organisms in the environment, such as oxygenic photosynthetic primary producers (photosynthetic eukaryotes and cyanobacteria), are responsible for fixing most of the carbon globally. However, they are affected by environmental conditions, such as temperature, which in turn affect their distribution. Globally, the cyanobacterium Fischerella thermalis is one of the main primary producers in terrestrial hot springs with thermal gradients up to 60 °C, but the mechanisms by which F. thermalis maintains its photosynthetic activity at these high temperatures are not known. In this study, we used molecular approaches and bioinformatics, in addition to photophysiological analyses, to determine the genetic activity associated with the energy metabolism of F. thermalis both in situ and in high-temperature (40 °C to 65 °C) cultures. Our results show that photosynthesis of F. thermalis decays with temperature, while increased transcriptional activity of genes encoding photosystem II reaction center proteins, such as PsbA (D1), could help overcome thermal damage at up to 60 °C. We observed that F. thermalis tends to lose copies of the standard G4 D1 isoform while maintaining the recently described D1INT isoform, suggesting a preference for photoresistant isoforms in response to the thermal gradient. The transcriptional activity and metabolic characteristics of F. thermalis, as measured by metatranscriptomics, further suggest that carbon metabolism occurs in parallel with photosynthesis, thereby assisting in energy acquisition under high temperatures at which other photosynthetic organisms cannot survive. This study reveals that, to cope with the harsh conditions of hot springs, F. thermalis has several compensatory adaptations, and provides emerging evidence for mixotrophic metabolism as being potentially relevant to the thermotolerance of this species. Ultimately, this work increases our knowledge about thermal adaptation strategies of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vergara-Barros
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Jaime Alcorta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Angélica Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Dennis J. Nürnberg
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago 8370449, Chile
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Singh A, Kumar M, Chakdar H, Pandiyan K, Kumar SC, Zeyad MT, Singh BN, Ravikiran KT, Mahto A, Srivastava AK, Saxena AK. Influence of host genotype in establishing root associated microbiome of indica rice cultivars for plant growth promotion. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1033158. [PMID: 36452918 PMCID: PMC9702084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1033158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice plants display a unique root ecosystem comprising oxic-anoxic zones, harboring a plethora of metabolic interactions mediated by its root microbiome. Since agricultural land is limited, an increase in rice production will rely on novel methods of yield enhancement. The nascent concept of tailoring plant phenotype through the intervention of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) is inspired by the genetics and ecology of core rhizobiome. In this direction, we have studied structural and functional variations in the root microbiome of 10 indica rice varieties. The studies on α and β-diversity indices of rhizospheric root microbiome with the host genotypes revealed variations in the structuring of root microbiome as well as a strong association with the host genotypes. Biomarker discovery, using machine learning, highlighted members of class Anaerolineae, α-Proteobacteria, and bacterial genera like Desulfobacteria, Ca. Entotheonella, Algoriphagus, etc. as the most important features of indica rice microbiota having a role in improving the plant's fitness. Metabolically, rice rhizobiomes showed an abundance of genes related to sulfur oxidation and reduction, biofilm production, nitrogen fixation, denitrification, and phosphorus metabolism. This comparative study of rhizobiomes has outlined the taxonomic composition and functional diversification of rice rhizobiome, laying the foundation for the development of next-generation microbiome-based technologies for yield enhancement in rice and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, RRS, Lucknow, India
| | - Murugan Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Kuppusamy Pandiyan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
- Ginning Training Center, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Shiv Charan Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | | | | | - K. T. Ravikiran
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, RRS, Lucknow, India
| | - Arunima Mahto
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
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Camacho A, Rochera C, Picazo A. Effect of experimentally increased nutrient availability on the structure, metabolic activities, and potential microbial functions of a maritime Antarctic microbial mat. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900158. [PMID: 36212846 PMCID: PMC9539743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of competitive interactions based on resource utilisation was explored in a phototrophic microbial mat from Byers Peninsula (Maritime Antarctica). Shotgun metagenomic profiling of the mat showed a taxonomic and functionally diverse microbial community. The heterotrophic bacterial community was dominated by Proteobacteria, where genera typically found in polar habitats, such as Janthinobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Polaromonas, were highly prevalent. Cyanobacteria played the main role as primary producers, accompanied by diatoms and chlorophytes. To test the potential effects of the inorganic nutrient (N and P) availability on this community, a fully factorial nitrate and phosphorus addition experiment was conducted in situ. The mat exhibited a functional and structural response to the nutrient amendments. Compared to the undisturbed mat, phosphorus fertilisation favoured the growth of (non-heterocystous) cyanobacteria relative to that of diatoms, as indicated by changes in the carotenoid pigment biomarkers. Although no mat accretion was visible, fertilisation improved the phototrophic activity, and, mainly, when P was amended, the production of exopolymeric substances was favoured, whereas further changes in the vertical distribution of primary production activity were observed as well. Illumina amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene also demonstrated changes in the relative abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes, which were detectable from the phylum to the genus level and mainly related to the amendment of nitrogen. Predictions made on the functional skills of these shifted prokaryotic communities indicated changes in abundance selecting taxa with a metabolic adaptation to the new nutrient scenarios. They mainly consisted of the enhancement of ecological strategies and metabolic regulatory mechanisms related to the uptake and metabolising of either nitrogen or phosphorus, regulated by its availability whether in a balanced way or not. This study is a pioneer in demonstrating how shifts in the regional dynamic of nutrients might alter the metabolic equilibrium of these initially considered homeostatic benthic communities. They can be accordingly considered as taxonomically diverse microbiomes with a functional repertoire still inclined to respond to the biogeochemical alteration of nutrient cycles, although occurring in a cold extreme environment where biological activity is partially restricted by environmental harshness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Song ZQ, Wang L, Liang F, Zhou Q, Pei D, Jiang H, Li WJ. nifH gene expression and diversity in geothermal springs of Tengchong, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:980924. [PMID: 36160261 PMCID: PMC9493357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.980924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial hot springs have been suggested to harbor diverse diazotrophic lineages by using DNA-based nifH gene phylogenetic analysis. However, only a small amount of diazotrophs were ever confirmed to perform nitrogen fixation. In order to explore the compositions of active diazotrophic populations in hot springs, the in situ expression and diversity of nifH and 16S rRNA genes were investigated in the sediments of hot springs (pH 4.3-9.1; temperature 34-84°C) in Tengchong, China, by using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that active diazotrophs were diverse in the studied Tengchong hot springs. The main active diazotrophs in high-temperature hot springs were affiliated with Aquificae, while those in low-temperature hot springs belonged to Cyanobacteria and Nitrospirae. Such dominance of Aquificae and Nitrospirae of diazotrophs has not been reported in other ecosystems. This suggests that hot springs may harbor unique active diazotrophs in comparison with other type of ecosystems. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the phylogenetic lineages of diazotrophs between hot springs of Tengchong and other regions, indicating that diazotrophs have geographical distribution patterns. Statistical analysis suggests that the expression and distribution of nifH gene were influenced by temperature and concentrations of ammonia and sulfur seem in Tengchong hot springs. These findings avail us to understand element cycling mediated by diazotrophs in hot spring ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qi Song
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Feng Liang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Dongli Pei
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Hongchen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Bennett AC, Murugapiran SK, Kees ED, Sauer HM, Hamilton TL. Temperature and Geographic Location Impact the Distribution and Diversity of Photoautotrophic Gene Variants in Alkaline Yellowstone Hot Springs. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0146521. [PMID: 35575591 PMCID: PMC9241655 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01465-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) provide a framework to study the relationship between photoautotrophs and temperature. Previous work has focused on studying how cyanobacteria (oxygenic phototrophs) vary with temperature, sulfide, and pH, but many questions remain regarding the ecophysiology of anoxygenic photosynthesis due to the taxonomic and metabolic diversity of these taxa. To this end, we examined the distribution of genes involved in phototrophy, carbon fixation, and nitrogen fixation in eight alkaline (pH 7.3-9.4) hot spring sites near the upper temperature limit of photosynthesis (71ºC) in YNP using metagenome sequencing. Based on genes encoding key reaction center proteins, geographic isolation plays a larger role than temperature in selecting for distinct phototrophic Chloroflexi, while genes typically associated with autotrophy in anoxygenic phototrophs, did not have distinct distributions with temperature. Additionally, we recovered Calvin cycle gene variants associated with Chloroflexi, an alternative carbon fixation pathway in anoxygenic photoautotrophs. Lastly, we recovered several abundant nitrogen fixation gene sequences associated with Roseiflexus, providing further evidence that genes involved in nitrogen fixation in Chloroflexi are more common than previously assumed. Together, our results add to the body of work on the distribution and functional potential of phototrophic bacteria in Yellowstone National Park hot springs and support the hypothesis that a combination of abiotic and biotic factors impact the distribution of phototrophic bacteria in hot springs. Future studies of isolates and metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) from these data and others will further our understanding of the ecology and evolution of hot spring anoxygenic phototrophs. IMPORTANCE Photosynthetic bacteria in hot springs are of great importance to both microbial evolution and ecology. While a large body of work has focused on oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria in Mushroom and Octopus Springs in Yellowstone National Park, many questions remain regarding the metabolic potential and ecology of hot spring anoxygenic phototrophs. Anoxygenic phototrophs are metabolically and taxonomically diverse, and further investigations into their physiology will lead to a deeper understanding of microbial evolution and ecology of these taxa. Here, we have quantified the distribution of key genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in both oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs. Our results suggest that temperature >68ºC selects for distinct groups of cyanobacteria and that carbon fixation pathways associated with these taxa are likely subject to the same selective pressure. Additionally, our data suggest that phototrophic Chloroflexi genes and carbon fixation genes are largely influenced by local conditions as evidenced by our gene variant analysis. Lastly, we recovered several genes associated with potentially novel phototrophic Chloroflexi. Together, our results add to the body of work on hot springs in Yellowstone National Park and set the stage for future work on metagenome assembled genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annastacia C. Bennett
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Senthil K. Murugapiran
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric D. Kees
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hailey M. Sauer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Trinity L. Hamilton
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Banerjee A, Mohammed Breig SJ, Gómez A, Sánchez-Arévalo I, González-Faune P, Sarkar S, Bandopadhyay R, Vuree S, Cornejo J, Tapia J, Bravo G, Cabrera-Barjas G. Optimization and Characterization of a Novel Exopolysaccharide from Bacillus haynesii CamB6 for Food Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:834. [PMID: 35740959 PMCID: PMC9221024 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophilic microorganisms often produce novel bioactive compounds to survive under harsh environmental conditions. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), a constitutive part of bacterial biofilm, are functional biopolymers that act as a protecting sheath to the extremophilic bacteria and are of high industrial value. In this study, we elucidate a new EPS produced by thermophilic Bacillus haynesii CamB6 from a slightly acidic (pH 5.82) Campanario hot spring (56.4 °C) located in the Central Andean Mountains of Chile. Physicochemical properties of the EPS were characterized by different techniques: Scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The EPS demonstrated amorphous surface roughness composed of evenly distributed macromolecular lumps. GPC and HPLC analysis showed that the EPS is a low molecular weight heteropolymer composed of mannose (66%), glucose (20%), and galactose (14%). FTIR analysis demonstrated the polysaccharide nature (-OH groups, Acetyl groups, and pyranosic ring structure) and the presence of different glycosidic linkages among sugar residues, which was further confirmed by NMR spectroscopic analyses. Moreover, D-mannose α-(1→2) and α-(1→4) linkages prevail in the CamB6 EPS structure. TGA revealed the high thermal stability (240 °C) of the polysaccharide. The functional properties of the EPS were evaluated for food industry applications, specifically as an antioxidant and for its emulsification, water-holding (WHC), oil-holding (OHC), and flocculation capacities. The results suggest that the study EPS can be a useful additive for the food-processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Banerjee
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile;
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile;
| | - Sura Jasem Mohammed Breig
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Al-khawarizmi Collage of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq;
| | - Aleydis Gómez
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile;
| | - Ignacio Sánchez-Arévalo
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile; (I.S.-A.); (P.G.-F.)
| | - Patricio González-Faune
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile; (I.S.-A.); (P.G.-F.)
| | - Shrabana Sarkar
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile;
- UGC Center of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, India;
| | - Rajib Bandopadhyay
- UGC Center of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, India;
| | - Sugunakar Vuree
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Jorge Cornejo
- Institute of Chemistry and Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (J.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Jaime Tapia
- Institute of Chemistry and Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (J.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Gaston Bravo
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Av. Cordillera 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 3349001, Chile;
| | - Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Av. Cordillera 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 3349001, Chile;
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14
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Unveiling Ecological and Genetic Novelty within Lytic and Lysogenic Viral Communities of Hot Spring Phototrophic Microbial Mats. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0069421. [PMID: 34787442 PMCID: PMC8597652 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00694-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses exert diverse ecosystem impacts by controlling their host community through lytic predator-prey dynamics. However, the mechanisms by which lysogenic viruses influence their host-microbial community are less clear. In hot springs, lysogeny is considered an active lifestyle, yet it has not been systematically studied in all habitats, with phototrophic microbial mats (PMMs) being particularly not studied. We carried out viral metagenomics following in situ mitomycin C induction experiments in PMMs from Porcelana hot spring (Northern Patagonia, Chile). The compositional changes of viral communities at two different sites were analyzed at the genomic and gene levels. Furthermore, the presence of integrated prophage sequences in environmental metagenome-assembled genomes from published Porcelana PMM metagenomes was analyzed. Our results suggest that virus-specific replicative cycles (lytic and lysogenic) were associated with specific host taxa with different metabolic capacities. One of the most abundant lytic viral groups corresponded to cyanophages, which would infect the cyanobacteria Fischerella, the most active and dominant primary producer in thermophilic PMMs. Likewise, lysogenic viruses were related exclusively to chemoheterotrophic bacteria from the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. These temperate viruses possess accessory genes to sense or control stress-related processes in their hosts, such as sporulation and biofilm formation. Taken together, these observations suggest a nexus between the ecological role of the host (metabolism) and the type of viral lifestyle in thermophilic PMMs. This has direct implications in viral ecology, where the lysogenic-lytic switch is determined by nutrient abundance and microbial density but also by the metabolism type that prevails in the host community. IMPORTANCE Hot springs harbor microbial communities dominated by a limited variety of microorganisms and, as such, have become a model for studying community ecology and understanding how biotic and abiotic interactions shape their structure. Viruses in hot springs are shown to be ubiquitous, numerous, and active components of these communities. However, lytic and lysogenic viral communities of thermophilic phototrophic microbial mats (PMMs) remain largely unexplored. In this work, we use the power of viral metagenomics to reveal changes in the viral community following a mitomycin C induction experiment in PMMs. The importance of our research is that it will improve our understanding of viral lifestyles in PMMs via exploring the differences in the composition of natural and induced viral communities at the genome and gene levels. This novel information will contribute to deciphering which biotic and abiotic factors may control the transitions between lytic and lysogenic cycles in these extreme environments.
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15
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Lei J, Liu C, Zhang M, Yang J, Wu F, Ren M, Wu Q, Shi X. The daily effect is more important than the diurnal effect when shaping photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs) communities in Lake Taihu at a small temporal scale. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6308367. [PMID: 34160594 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As major primary producers in aquatic systems, the diversity and community composition dynamics of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs) have been investigated in recent years. Here, we explored the 3-day diurnal succession of the PPE community in a highly eutrophic lake in early spring using a combination of flow cytometric sorting and high-throughput sequencing. Our results showed that the PPEs were the dominant group of autotrophic picophytoplankton, although they had relatively low diversity and were dominated by the Stephanodiscaceae family in early spring in Lake Taihu. Furthermore, PPE abundance was significantly higher at night than during the day, probably due to their high specific rate of carbon uptake during the day and rapid proliferation at night. Several environmental variables had a significant influence on the PPE community composition, and the daily effect was more important than the diurnal effect when shaping the PPE community in Lake Taihu at a temporal scale of 3 days. Furthermore, based on the variation partitioning analysis (VPA), the relative importance of abiotic factors (deterministic processes) to short-term succession was low, explaining only 20.44% of the PPE community variation. We therefore conclude that stochastic processes determined PPE community assembly over a short temporal scale based on a neutral community model (NCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road 73, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road 73, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road 73, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jinsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road 73, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road 73, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingdong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road 73, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road 73, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road 73, Nanjing 210008, China
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16
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Di Nezio F, Beney C, Roman S, Danza F, Buetti-Dinh A, Tonolla M, Storelli N. Anoxygenic photo- and chemo-synthesis of phototrophic sulfur bacteria from an alpine meromictic lake. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6123714. [PMID: 33512460 PMCID: PMC7947596 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meromictic lakes are interesting ecosystems to study anaerobic microorganisms due their permanent stratification allowing the formation of a stable anoxic environment. The crenogenic meromictic Lake Cadagno harbors an important community of anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria responsible for almost half of its total productivity. Besides their ability to fix CO2 through photosynthesis, these microorganisms also showed high rates of dark carbon fixation via chemosyntesis. Here, we grew in pure cultures three populations of anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria previously isolated from the lake, accounting for 72.8% of the total microbial community and exibiting different phenotypes: (1) the motile, large-celled purple sulfur bacterium (PSB) Chromatium okenii, (2) the small-celled PSB Thiodictyon syntrophicum and (3) the green sulfur bacterium (GSB) Chlorobium phaeobacteroides. We measured their ability to fix CO2 through photo- and chemo-synthesis, both in situ in the lake and in laboratory under different incubation conditions. We also evaluated the efficiency and velocity of H2S photo-oxidation, an important reaction in the anoxygenic photosynthesis process. Our results confirm that phototrophic sulfur bacteria strongly fix CO2 in the presence of light and that oxygen increases chemosynthesis at night, in laboratory conditions. Moreover, substancial differences were displayed between the three selected populations in terms of activity and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Nezio
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environmental Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology (BIVEG), University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clarisse Beney
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environmental Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology (BIVEG), University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Roman
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environmental Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Alpine Biology Center Foundation, via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Danza
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environmental Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Buetti-Dinh
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environmental Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Tonolla
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environmental Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology (BIVEG), University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Alpine Biology Center Foundation, via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Storelli
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environmental Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
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DeCastro ME, Doane MP, Dinsdale EA, Rodríguez-Belmonte E, González-Siso MI. Exploring the taxonomical and functional profile of As Burgas hot spring focusing on thermostable β-galactosidases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:101. [PMID: 33420292 PMCID: PMC7794327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we investigate the microbial community inhabiting As Burgas geothermal spring, located in Ourense (Galicia, Spain). The approximately 23 Gbp of Illumina sequences generated for each replicate revealed a complex microbial community dominated by Bacteria in which Proteobacteria and Aquificae were the two prevalent phyla. An association between the two most prevalent genera, Thermus and Hydrogenobacter, was suggested by the relationship of their metabolism. The high relative abundance of sequences involved in the Calvin-Benson cycle and the reductive TCA cycle unveils the dominance of an autotrophic population. Important pathways from the nitrogen and sulfur cycle are potentially taking place in As Burgas hot spring. In the assembled reads, two complete ORFs matching GH2 beta-galactosidases were found. To assess their functional characterization, the two ORFs were cloned and overexpressed in E. coli. The pTsbg enzyme had activity towards o-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-fucopyranoside, with high thermal stability and showing maximal activity at 85 °C and pH 6, nevertheless the enzyme failed to hydrolyze lactose. The other enzyme, Tsbg, was unable to hydrolyze even ONPG or lactose. This finding highlights the challenge of finding novel active enzymes based only on their sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Eugenia DeCastro
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Michael P Doane
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- Syndey Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Ann Dinsdale
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Belmonte
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Isabel González-Siso
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
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18
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Alcorta J, Alarcón-Schumacher T, Salgado O, Díez B. Taxonomic Novelty and Distinctive Genomic Features of Hot Spring Cyanobacteria. Front Genet 2020; 11:568223. [PMID: 33250920 PMCID: PMC7674949 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.568223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cyanobacterial species are dominant primary producers in hot spring microbial mats. To date, hot spring cyanobacterial taxonomy, as well as the evolution of their genomic adaptations to high temperatures, are poorly understood, with genomic information currently available for only a few dominant genera, including Fischerella and Synechococcus. To address this knowledge gap, the present study expands the genomic landscape of hot spring cyanobacteria and traces the phylum-wide genomic consequences of evolution in high temperature environments. From 21 globally distributed hot spring metagenomes, with temperatures between 32 and 75°C, 57 medium- and high-quality cyanobacterial metagenome-assembled genomes were recovered, representing taxonomic novelty for 1 order, 3 families, 15 genera and 36 species. Comparative genomics of 93 hot spring genomes (including the 57 metagenome-assembled genomes) and 66 non-thermal genomes, showed that the former have smaller genomes and a higher GC content, as well as shorter proteins that are more hydrophilic and basic, when compared to the non-thermal genomes. Additionally, the core accessory orthogroups from the hot spring genomes of some genera had a greater abundance of functional categories, such as inorganic ion metabolism, translation and post-translational modifications. Moreover, hot spring genomes showed increased abundances of inorganic ion transport and amino acid metabolism, as well as less replication and transcription functions in the protein coding sequences. Furthermore, they showed a higher dependence on the CRISPR-Cas defense system against exogenous nucleic acids, and a reduction in secondary metabolism biosynthetic gene clusters. This suggests differences in the cyanobacterial response to environment-specific microbial communities. This phylum-wide study provides new insights into cyanobacterial genomic adaptations to a specific niche where they are dominant, which could be essential to trace bacterial evolution pathways in a warmer world, such as the current global warming scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Alcorta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Alarcón-Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Oscar Salgado
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Bennett AC, Murugapiran SK, Hamilton TL. Temperature impacts community structure and function of phototrophic Chloroflexi and Cyanobacteria in two alkaline hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 12:503-513. [PMID: 32613733 PMCID: PMC7540483 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic bacteria are abundant in alkaline, terrestrial hot springs and there is a long history of research on phototrophs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Hot springs provide a framework to examine the ecophysiology of phototrophs in situ because they provide natural gradients of geochemistry, pH and temperature. Phototrophs within the Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi groups are frequently observed in alkaline hot springs. Decades of research has determined that temperature constrains Cyanobacteria in alkaline hot springs, but factors that constrain the distribution of phototrophic Chloroflexi remain unresolved. Using a combination of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and photoassimilation microcosms, we tested the hypothesis that temperature would constrain the activity and composition of phototrophic Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi. We expected diversity and rates of photoassimilation to decrease with increasing temperature. We report 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing along with carbon isotope signatures and photoassimilation from 45 to 72°C in two alkaline hot springs. We find that Roseiflexus, Chloroflexus (Chloroflexi) and Leptococcus (Cyanobacteria) operational taxonomic units (OTUs) have distinct distributions with temperature. This distribution suggests that, like phototrophic Cyanobacteria, temperature selects for specific phototrophic Chloroflexi taxa. The richness of phototrophic Cyanobacteria decreased with increasing temperature along with a decrease in oxygenic photosynthesis, whereas Chloroflexi richness and rates of anoxygenic photosynthesis did not decrease with increasing temperature, even at temperatures approaching the upper limit of photosynthesis (~72-73°C). Our carbon isotopic data suggest an increasing prevalence of the 3-hydroxypropionate pathway with decreasing temperature coincident with photoautotrophic Chloroflexi. Together these results indicate temperature plays a role in defining the niche space of phototrophic Chloroflexi (as has been observed for Cyanobacteria), but other factors such as morphology, geochemistry, or metabolic diversity of Chloroflexi, in addition to temperature, could determine the niche space of this highly versatile group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annastacia C. Bennett
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and The Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN55108USA
| | - Senthil K. Murugapiran
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and The Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN55108USA
| | - Trinity L. Hamilton
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and The Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN55108USA
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20
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Assessing the performance of different approaches for functional and taxonomic annotation of metagenomes. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:960. [PMID: 31823721 PMCID: PMC6902526 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metagenomes can be analysed using different approaches and tools. One of the most important distinctions is the way to perform taxonomic and functional assignment, choosing between the use of assembly algorithms or the direct analysis of raw sequence reads instead by homology searching, k-mer analysys, or detection of marker genes. Many instances of each approach can be found in the literature, but to the best of our knowledge no evaluation of their different performances has been carried on, and we question if their results are comparable. Results We have analysed several real and mock metagenomes using different methodologies and tools, and compared the resulting taxonomic and functional profiles. Our results show that database completeness (the representation of diverse organisms and taxa in it) is the main factor determining the performance of the methods relying on direct read assignment either by homology, k-mer composition or similarity to marker genes, while methods relying on assembly and assignment of predicted genes are most influenced by metagenomic size, that in turn determines the completeness of the assembly (the percentage of read that were assembled). Conclusions Although differences exist, taxonomic profiles are rather similar between raw read assignment and assembly assignment methods, while they are more divergent for methods based on k-mers and marker genes. Regarding functional annotation, analysis of raw reads retrieves more functions, but it also makes a substantial number of over-predictions. Assembly methods are more advantageous as the size of the metagenome grows bigger.
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21
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Lezcano MÁ, Moreno-Paz M, Carrizo D, Prieto-Ballesteros O, Fernández-Martínez MÁ, Sánchez-García L, Blanco Y, Puente-Sánchez F, de Diego-Castilla G, García-Villadangos M, Fairén AG, Parro V. Biomarker Profiling of Microbial Mats in the Geothermal Band of Cerro Caliente, Deception Island (Antarctica): Life at the Edge of Heat and Cold. ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 19:1490-1504. [PMID: 31339746 PMCID: PMC6918857 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Substrate-atmosphere interfaces in Antarctic geothermal environments are hot-cold regions that constitute thin habitable niches for microorganisms with possible counterparts in ancient Mars. Cerro Caliente hill in Deception Island (active volcano in the South Shetland Islands) is affected by ascending hydrothermal fluids that form a band of warm substrates buffered by low air temperatures. We investigated the influence of temperature on the community structure and metabolism of three microbial mats collected along the geothermal band of Cerro Caliente registering 88°C, 8°C, and 2°C at the time of collection. High-throughput sequencing of small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) genes and Life Detector Chip (LDChip) microarray immunoassays revealed different bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic composition in the three mats. The mat at 88°C showed the less diverse microbial community and a higher proportion of thermophiles (e.g., Thermales). In contrast, microbial communities in the mats at 2°C and 8°C showed relatively higher diversity and higher proportion of psychrophiles (e.g., Flavobacteriales). Despite this overall association, similar microbial structures at the phylum level (particularly the presence of Cyanobacteria) and certain hot- and cold-tolerant microorganisms were identified in the three mats. Daily thermal oscillations recorded in the substrate over the year (4.5-76°C) may explain the coexistence of microbial fingerprints with different thermal tolerances. Stable isotope composition also revealed metabolic differences among the microbial mats. Carbon isotopic ratios suggested the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle as the major pathway for carbon dioxide fixation in the mats at 2°C and 8°C, and the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and/or the 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle for the mat at 88°C, indicating different metabolisms as a function of the prevailing temperature of each mat. The comprehensive biomarker profile on the three microbial mats from Cerro Caliente contributes to unravel the diversity, composition, and metabolism in geothermal polar sites and highlights the relevance of geothermal-cold environments to create habitable niches with interest in other planetary environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Lezcano
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Moreno-Paz
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Carrizo
- Department of Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Prieto-Ballesteros
- Department of Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Sánchez-García
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Blanco
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alberto G. Fairén
- Department of Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Víctor Parro
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Anoxygenic Phototrophs Span Geochemical Gradients and Diverse Morphologies in Terrestrial Geothermal Springs. mSystems 2019; 4:4/6/e00498-19. [PMID: 31690593 PMCID: PMC6832021 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00498-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extant anoxygenic phototrophs are taxonomically, physiologically, and metabolically diverse and include examples from all seven bacterial phyla with characterized phototrophic members. pH, temperature, and sulfide are known to constrain phototrophs, but how these factors dictate the distribution and activity of specific taxa of anoxygenic phototrophs has not been reported. Here, we hypothesized that within the known limits of pH, temperature, and sulfide, the distribution, abundance, and activity of specific anoxygenic phototrophic taxa would vary due to key differences in the physiology of these organisms. To test this hypothesis, we examined the distribution, abundance, and potential activity of anoxygenic phototrophs in filaments, microbial mats, and sediments across geochemical gradients in geothermal features of Yellowstone National Park, which ranged in pH from 2.2 to 9.4 and in temperature from 31.5°C to 71.0°C. Indeed, our data indicate putative aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs within the Proteobacteria are more abundant at lower pH and lower temperature, while phototrophic Chloroflexi are prevalent in circumneutral to alkaline springs. In contrast to previous studies, our data suggest sulfide is not a key determinant of anoxygenic phototrophic taxa. Finally, our data underscore a role for photoheterotrophy (or photomixotrophy) across geochemical gradients in terrestrial geothermal ecosystems.IMPORTANCE There is a long and rich history of literature on phototrophs in terrestrial geothermal springs. These studies have revealed sulfide, pH, and temperature are the main constraints on phototrophy. However, the taxonomic and physiological diversity of anoxygenic phototrophs suggests that, within these constraints, specific geochemical parameters determine the distribution and activity of individual anoxygenic phototrophic taxa. Here, we report the recovery of sequences affiliated with characterized anoxygenic phototrophs in sites that range in pH from 2 to 9 and in temperature from 31°C to 71°C. Transcript abundance indicates anoxygenic phototrophs are active across this temperature and pH range. Our data suggest sulfide is not a key determinant of anoxygenic phototrophic taxa and underscore a role for photoheterotrophy in terrestrial geothermal ecosystems. These data provide the framework for high-resolution sequencing and in situ activity approaches to characterize the physiology of specific anoxygenic phototrophic taxa across a broad range of temperatures and pH.
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23
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Alcorta J, Vergara-Barros P, Antonaru LA, Alcamán-Arias ME, Nürnberg DJ, Díez B. Fischerella thermalis: a model organism to study thermophilic diazotrophy, photosynthesis and multicellularity in cyanobacteria. Extremophiles 2019; 23:635-647. [PMID: 31512055 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The true-branching cyanobacterium Fischerella thermalis (also known as Mastigocladus laminosus) is widely distributed in hot springs around the world. Morphologically, it has been described as early as 1837. However, its taxonomic placement remains controversial. F. thermalis belongs to the same genus as mesophilic Fischerella species but forms a monophyletic clade of thermophilic Fischerella strains and sequences from hot springs. Their recent divergence from freshwater or soil true-branching species and the ongoing process of specialization inside the thermal gradient make them an interesting evolutionary model to study. F. thermalis is one of the most complex prokaryotes. It forms a cellular network in which the main trichome and branches exchange metabolites and regulators via septal junctions. This species can adapt to a variety of environmental conditions, with its photosynthetic apparatus remaining active in a temperature range from 15 to 58 °C. Together with its nitrogen-fixing ability, this allows it to dominate in hot spring microbial mats and contribute significantly to the de novo carbon and nitrogen input. Here, we review the current knowledge on the taxonomy and distribution of F. thermalis, its morphological complexity, and its physiological adaptations to an extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Alcorta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'higgins 340, Casilla 144-D, C.P. 651, 3677, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Vergara-Barros
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'higgins 340, Casilla 144-D, C.P. 651, 3677, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura A Antonaru
- Department of Life Science, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - María E Alcamán-Arias
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'higgins 340, Casilla 144-D, C.P. 651, 3677, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Oceanography, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile.,Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dennis J Nürnberg
- Department of Life Science, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'higgins 340, Casilla 144-D, C.P. 651, 3677, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile.
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