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Zhang L, Ma H, Tang W, Zeng J, Kulyar MF, Hu J. Changes in the Microbiome in Yak Mastitis: Insights Based on Full-Length 16S rRNA Sequencing. Vet Sci 2024; 11:335. [PMID: 39195789 PMCID: PMC11359330 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland that can be caused by various factors, including biological, chemical, mechanical, or physical. Microbiological culture, DNA techniques, and high-throughput next-generation sequencing have been used to identify mastitis-causing pathogens in various animal species. However, little is known about microbiota and microbiome changes linked to yak milk mastitis. This study aimed to characterize the milk microbiota of healthy and mastitis-infected yaks using full-length 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial microbiota comprises 7 phyla, 9 classes, 20 orders, 39 families, 59 genera, and 72 species. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the predominant microbial communities, with lower abundances of Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and other minor groupings also observed. Proteobacteria dominated the clinical and subclinical mastitis groups (95.36% and 89.32%, respectively), in contrast to the healthy group (60.17%). Conversely, Firmicutes were more common in the healthy group (39.7%) than in the subclinical and clinical mastitis groups (10.49% and 2.92%, respectively). The predominant organisms found in the healthy group were Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus piscium, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, and Lactococcus raffinolactis. Low abundances of Staphylococcus aureus species were found in both subclinical and clinical mastitis groups, with Moraxella osloensis and Psychrobacter cibarius dominating the subclinical mastitis group and Pseudomonas fluorescens dominating the clinical mastitis group. An alpha diversity study revealed that the healthy group had a higher microbial diversity than the clinical and subclinical mastitis groups. According to beta-diversity analysis, the principal coordinate analysis identified that mastitis-infected samples significantly differed from healthy ones. The milk microbiota of healthy yaks is more varied, and specific prominent taxa within various groups can act as marker microorganisms for mastitis risk. The genera Leuconostoc and Lactococcus are promising candidates for creating probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Hongcai Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China; (H.M.); (W.T.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China; (H.M.); (W.T.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiangyong Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China; (H.M.); (W.T.); (J.Z.)
| | - Md. F. Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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Zhou T, Du Z, Luo Z, Li X, Wu D, Huang Y, Yong K, Yao X, Shen L, Yu S, Yan Z, Cao S. Alteration of Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolites, and Serum Metabolites in Dairy Cows with Pre-Retained Placenta. Metabolites 2024; 14:386. [PMID: 39057709 PMCID: PMC11279091 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Retained placenta (RP) affects lactation and fertility in dairy cows and causes economic losses to the dairy industry. Therefore, screening for early warning of this disease is important. This study used multi omics techniques to reveal the metabolic differences of dairy cows before RP onset and to find potential warning markers. Fecal samples and serum samples of 90 healthy Holstein cows were collected 7 days pre-calving; 10 healthy and 10 RP cows were enrolled according to normal expulsion of fetal membranes after calving. Fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis, while plasma was analyzed using targeted metabolomics. Pathogenic bacteria levels increased in the intestines of cows with RP compared to those in healthy cows. Lipid metabolites constituted the largest proportion of differential metabolites between feces and plasma. Six potential warning markers for RP in cows were identified, including two fecal microbiomics markers (Oscillospiraceae UCG-005 and Escherichia-Shigella), one fecal untargeted metabolomics marker (N-acetylmuramic acid), and three plasma targeted metabolomics markers (glycylcholic acid-3 sulfate, 7-ketolithocholic acid, and 12-ketolithocholic acid). These biomarkers can predict RP occurrence in the early perinatal period. These results lay a theoretical foundation for early nutritional intervention and pathogenesis research in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Pharmaceutical, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhenlong Du
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Pharmaceutical, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhengzhong Luo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kang Yong
- Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing 404105, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Pharmaceutical, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Tang X, Nan X, Jiang L, Wang H, Liu J, Yang L, Yao J, Xiong B. Nutrition, gastrointestinal microorganisms and metabolites in mastitis occurrence and control. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:220-231. [PMID: 38800734 PMCID: PMC11126769 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis affects almost all mammals including humans and dairy cows. In the dairy industry, bovine mastitis is a disease with a persistently high incidence, causing serious losses to the health of cows, the quality of dairy products, and the economy of dairy farms. Although local udder infection caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogens into the mammary gland was considered the main cause of mastitis, evidence has been established and continues to grow, showing that nutrition factors and gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) as well as their metabolites are also involved in the development of mammary inflammatory response. Suboptimal nutrition is recognized as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to mastitis in cattle, in particular the negative energy balance. The majority of data regarding nutrition and bovine mastitis involves micronutrients. In addition, the dysbiotic GM can directly trigger or aggravate mastitis through entero-mammary gland pathway. The decreased beneficial commensal bacteria, lowered bacterial diversity, and increased pathogens as well as proinflammatory metabolites are found in both the milk and gastrointestinal tract of mastitic dairy cows. This review discussed the relationship between the nutrition (energy and micronutrient levels) and mastitis, summarized the role of GM and metabolites in regulating mastitis. Meanwhile, several non-antibiotics strategies were provided for the prevention and alleviation of mastitis, including micronutrients, probiotics, short-chain fatty acids, high-fiber diet, inulin, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Guo W, Liu S, Khan MZ, Wang J, Chen T, Alugongo GM, Li S, Cao Z. Bovine milk microbiota: Key players, origins, and potential contributions to early-life gut development. J Adv Res 2024; 59:49-64. [PMID: 37423549 PMCID: PMC11081965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk is a significant substitute for human breast milk and holds great importance in infant nutrition and health. Apart from essential nutrients, bovine milk also contains bioactive compounds, including a microbiota derived from milk itself rather than external sources of contamination. AIM OF REVIEW Recognizing the profound impact of bovine milk microorganisms on future generations, our review focuses on exploring their composition, origins, functions, and applications. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Some of the primary microorganisms found in bovine milk are also present in human milk. These microorganisms are likely transferred to the mammary gland through two pathways: the entero-mammary pathway and the rumen-mammary pathway. We also elucidated potential mechanisms by which milk microbiota contribute to infant intestinal development. The mechanisms include the enhancing of the intestinal microecological niche, promoting the maturation of immune system, strengthening the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and interacting with milk components (e.g., oligosaccharides) via cross-feeding effect. However, given the limited understanding of bovine milk microbiota, further studies are necessary to validate hypotheses regarding their origins and to explore their functions and potential applications in early intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Z Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gibson M Alugongo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Cohen A, Turjeman S, Levin R, Tal S, Koren O. Comparison of canine colostrum and milk using a multi-omics approach. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:19. [PMID: 38650014 PMCID: PMC11034113 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mother's milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition in neonates and is a source of cytokines, immunoglobulins, growth factors, and other important components, yet little is known about the components of canine milk, specifically colostrum, and the knowledge related to its microbial and metabolic profiles is particularly underwhelming. In this study, we characterized canine colostrum and milk microbiota and metabolome for several breeds of dogs and examined profile shifts as milk matures in the first 8 days post-whelping. RESULTS Through untargeted metabolomics, we identified 63 named metabolites that were significantly differentially abundant between days 1 and 8 of lactation. Surprisingly, the microbial compositions of the colostrum and milk, characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were largely similar, with only two differentiating genera. The shifts observed, mainly increases in several sugars and amino sugars over time and shifts in amino acid metabolites, align with shifts observed in human milk samples and track with puppy development. CONCLUSION Like human milk, canine milk composition is dynamic, and shifts are well correlated with developing puppies' needs. Such a study of the metabolic profile of canine milk, and its relation to the microbial community, provides insights into the changing needs of the neonate, as well as the ideal nutrition profile for optimal functionality. This information will add to the existing knowledge base of canine milk composition with the prospect of creating a quality, tailored milk substitute or supplement for puppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Cohen
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Rachel Levin
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Smadar Tal
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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Duniere L, Frayssinet B, Achard C, Chevaux E, Plateau J. Conditioner application improves bedding quality and bacterial composition with potential beneficial impacts for dairy cow's health. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0426323. [PMID: 38376365 PMCID: PMC10994720 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04263-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Recycled manure solids (RMS) is used as bedding material in cow housing but can be at risk for pathogens development. Cows spend several hours per day lying down, contributing to the transfer of potential mastitis pathogens from the bedding to the udder. The effect of a bacterial conditioner (Manure Pro, MP) application was studied on RMS-bedding and milk qualities and on animal health. MP product was applied on bedding once a week for 3 months. Bedding and teat skin samples were collected from Control and MP groups at D01, D51, and D90 and analyzed through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. MP application modified bacterial profiles and diversity. Control bedding was significantly associated with potential mastitis pathogens, while no taxa of potential health risk were significantly detected in MP beddings. Functional prediction identified enrichment of metabolic pathways of agronomic interest in MP beddings. Significant associations with potential mastitis pathogens were mainly observed in Control teat skin samples. Finally, significantly better hygiene and lower Somatic Cell Counts in milk were observed for cows from MP group, while no group impact was observed on milk quality and microbiota. No dissemination of MP strains was observed from bedding to teats or milk. IMPORTANCE The use of Manure Pro (MP) conditioner improved recycled manure solids-bedding quality and this higher sanitary condition had further impacts on dairy cows' health with less potential mastitis pathogens significantly associated with bedding and teat skin samples of animals from MP group. The animals also presented an improved inflammation status, while milk quality was not modified. The use of MP conditioner on bedding may be of interest in controlling the risk of mastitis onset for dairy cows and further associated costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Chevaux
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, Blagnac, France
| | - Julia Plateau
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, Blagnac, France
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Zhang J, Liu X, Usman T, Tang Y, Mi S, Li W, Yang M, Yu Y. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and milk metagenome in subclinical mastitic and healthy cows. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:709-717. [PMID: 35073659 PMCID: PMC10915226 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormally increased somatic cell counts (SCCs) in milk is usually a sign of bovine subclinical mastitis. Mutual interaction between the host and its associated microbiota plays an important role in developing such diseases. The main objective of this study was to explore the difference between cows with elevated SCCs and healthy cattle from the perspective of host-microbe interplay. METHODS A total of 31 milk samples and 23 bovine peripheral blood samples were collected from Holstein dairy cattle to conduct an integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metagenomics. RESULTS The results showed that Ralstonia and Sphingomonas were enriched in cows with subclinical mastitis. The relative abundance of the two bacteria was positively correlated with the expression level of bovine transcobalamin 1 and uridine phosphorylase 1 encoding gene. Moreover, functional analysis revealed a distinct alternation in some important microbial biological processes. CONCLUSION These results reveal the relative abundance of Ralstonia and Sphingomonas other than common mastitis-causing pathogens varied from healthy cows to those with subclinical mastitis and might be associated with elevated SCCs. Potential association was observed between bovine milk microbiota composition and the transcriptional pattern of some genes, thus providing new insights to understand homeostasis of bovine udder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
China
| | - Tahir Usman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200,
Pakistan
| | - Yongjie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
China
| | - Siyuan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
China
| | - Wenlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
China
| | - Mengyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
China
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Burakova I, Gryaznova M, Smirnova Y, Morozova P, Mikhalev V, Zimnikov V, Latsigina I, Shabunin S, Mikhailov E, Syromyatnikov M. Association of milk microbiome with bovine mastitis before and after antibiotic therapy. Vet World 2023; 16:2389-2402. [PMID: 38328355 PMCID: PMC10844787 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2389-2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Mastitis is recognized as the most common disease in cattle and causes economic losses in the dairy industry. A number of opportunistic bacterial taxa have been identified as causative agents for this disease. Conventionally, antibiotics are used to treat mastitis; however, most bacteria are resistant to the majority of antibiotics. This study aimed to use molecular methods to identify milk microbiome patterns characteristic of mastitis that can help in the early diagnosis of this disease and in the development of new treatment strategies. Materials and Methods To evaluate the microbiome composition, we performed NGS sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the V3 region. Results An increase in the abundance of the bacterial genera Hymenobacter and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group is associated with the development of subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy cows. These bacteria can be added to the list of markers used to detect mastitis in cows. Furthermore, a decrease in the abundance of Ralstonia, Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, Acetitomaculum, Massilia, and Atopostipes in cows with mastitis may indicate their role in maintaining a healthy milk microbiome. Antibiotics reduced the levels of Streptococcus in milk compared to those in the healthy group and cows before antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic therapy also contributed to an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria of the genus Asticcacaulis. Conclusion This study expands our understanding of the association between milk microbiota and mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Burakova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mariya Gryaznova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuliya Smirnova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Polina Morozova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Mikhalev
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Zimnikov
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Irina Latsigina
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Sergey Shabunin
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Evgeny Mikhailov
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mikhail Syromyatnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
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Alessandri G, Sangalli E, Facchi M, Fontana F, Mancabelli L, Donofrio G, Ventura M. Metataxonomic analysis of milk microbiota in the bovine subclinical mastitis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad136. [PMID: 37880979 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis is one of the most widespread diseases affecting dairy herds with detrimental effects on animal health, milk productivity, and quality. Despite its multifactorial nature, the presence of pathogenic bacteria is regarded one of the main drivers of subclinical mastitis, causing a disruption of the homeostasis of the bovine milk microbial community. However, bovine milk microbiota alterations associated with subclinical mastitis still represents a largely unexplored research area. Therefore, the species-level milk microbiota of a total of 75 milk samples, collected from both healthy and subclinical mastitis-affected cows from two different stables, was deeply profiled through an ITS, rather than a traditional, and less informative, 16S rRNA gene microbial profiling. Surprisingly, the present pilot study not only revealed that subclinical mastitis is characterized by a reduced biodiversity of the bovine milk microbiota, but also that this disease does not induce standard alterations of the milk microbial community across stables. In addition, a flow cytometry-based total bacterial cell enumeration highlighted that subclinical mastitis is accompanied by a significant increment in the number of milk microbial cells. Furthermore, the combination of the metagenomic and flow cytometry approaches allowed to identify different potential microbial marker strictly correlated with subclinical mastitis across stables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Sangalli
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Facchi
- DVM Bovine Practitioner "Bergamo Veterinari" Group, 24124 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- GenProbio srl, Via Nazario Sauro 3, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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10
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Salman MM, Nawaz M, Yaqub T, Mushtaq MH. Investigation of milk microbiota of healthy and mastitic Sahiwal cattle. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:304. [PMID: 37875803 PMCID: PMC10594912 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sahiwal cattle is an indigenous cattle breed of Pakistan and mastitis is one of the major problems faced by Sahiwal cattle which hinders its production potential. The study was designed to investigate the milk microbiota of healthy and mastitic Sahiwal cattle as part of a multistep project to develop probiotics for the mitigation and control of mastitis. Milk samples of Sahiwal cattle (healthy clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis) reared under similar husbandry and management practices were processed for 16S rRNA gene base metagenomics analysis. RESULTS Results revealed that Proteobacteria were dominant in the healthy group and subclinical mastitis group (56.48% and 48.77%, respectively) as compared to the clinical mastitis group (2.68%). In contrast, Firmicutes were abundant in the clinical mastitis group (64%) as compared to the healthy and subclinical mastitis groups (15.87% and 38.98%, respectively). Dominant species assigned in the healthy group were Ignavibacterium album, Novosphingobium capsulatum, Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus fermentum.The clinical mastitis group was dominated by Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Corynebacterium bovis, while subclinical mastitis group included Lactobacillus fermentum and uncultured acidobacteriales and Akkermansia muciniphila as dominant species. Alpha diversity indices showed higher microbial diversity in the healthy group compared to the clinical and sub-clinical mastitis groups. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the milk microbiota of healthy sahiwal cattle has higher diversity and dominant taxa in the different groups may be used as signature microbes for mastitis susceptibility. Akkermansia muciniphila is one of candidate specie that was identified and may be used for development of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Muhammad Salman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Yaqub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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11
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Khasapane NG, Khumalo ZTH, Kwenda S, Nkhebenyane SJ, Thekisoe O. Characterisation of Milk Microbiota from Subclinical Mastitis and Apparently Healthy Dairy Cattle in Free State Province, South Africa. Vet Sci 2023; 10:616. [PMID: 37888568 PMCID: PMC10610705 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder tissue of the mammary gland brought on by microbial infections or physical damage. It is characterised by physical, chemical, and biological changes in the udder and milk. While several different bacterial species have been identified as causative agents of mastitis, many subclinical mastitis (SCM) cases remain culture-negative. The aim of this study was to characterise milk microbiota from SCM and apparently healthy dairy cows (non-SCM) by 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha-diversity metrics showed significant differences between SCM cows and non-SCM counterparts. The beta-diversity metrics in the principal coordinate analysis significantly clustered samples by type (PERMANOVA test, p < 0.05), while non-metric dimensional scaling did not (PERMANOVA test, p = 0.07). The overall analysis indicated a total of 95 phyla, 33 classes, 82 orders, 124 families, 202 genera, and 119 bacterial species. Four phyla, namely Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria collectively accounted for more than 97% of all sequencing reads from SCM and non-SCM cow samples. The most abundant bacterial classes were Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria in non-SCM cow samples, whilst SCM cow samples were mainly composed of Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria. Dominant bacterial species in non-SCM cow samples were Anthropi spp., Pseudomonas azotoformans, P. fragi, Acinetobacter guillouiae, Enterococcus italicus, Lactococcus lactis, whilst P. azotoformans, Mycobacterium bovis, P. fragi, Acinetobacter guillouiae, and P. koreensis were dominant in the SCM cow samples. The current study found differences in bacterial species between SCM and non-SCM cow milk; hence, the need for detailed epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. G. Khasapane
- Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Z. T. H. Khumalo
- ClinVet International, Study Management, Bainsvlei, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - S. Kwenda
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa;
| | - S. J. Nkhebenyane
- Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - O. Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa;
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12
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Coates LC, Durham SD, Storms DH, Magnuson AD, Van Hekken DL, Plumier BM, Finley JW, Fukagawa NK, Tomasula PM, Lemay DG, Picklo MJ, Barile D, Kalscheur KF, Kable ME. Associations among Milk Microbiota, Milk Fatty Acids, Milk Glycans, and Inflammation from Lactating Holstein Cows. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0402022. [PMID: 37074179 PMCID: PMC10269560 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04020-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk oligosaccharides (MOs) can be prebiotic and antiadhesive, while fatty acids (MFAs) can be antimicrobial. Both have been associated with milk microbes or mammary gland inflammation in humans. Relationships between these milk components and milk microbes or inflammation have not been determined for cows and could help elucidate a novel approach for the dairy industry to promote desired milk microbial composition for improvement of milk quality and reduction of milk waste. We aimed to determine relationships among milk microbiota, MFAs, MOs, lactose, and somatic cell counts (SCC) from Holstein cows, using our previously published data. Raw milk samples were collected at three time points, ranging from early to late lactation. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects modeling and repeated-measures correlation. Unsaturated MFA and short-chain MFA had mostly negative relationships with potentially pathogenic genera, including Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, and an unknown Enterobacteriaceae genus but numerous positive relationships with symbionts Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. Conversely, many MOs were positively correlated with potentially pathogenic genera (e.g., Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas), and numerous MOs were negatively correlated with the symbiont Bifidobacterium. The neutral, nonfucosylated MO composed of eight hexoses had a positive relationship with SCC, while lactose had a negative relationship with SCC. One interpretation of these trends might be that in milk, MFAs disrupt primarily pathogenic bacterial cells, causing a relative increase in abundance of beneficial microbial taxa, while MOs respond to and act on pathogenic taxa primarily through antiadhesive methods. Further research is needed to confirm the potential mechanisms driving these correlations. IMPORTANCE Bovine milk can harbor microbes that cause mastitis, milk spoilage, and foodborne illness. Fatty acids found in milk can be antimicrobial and milk oligosaccharides can have antiadhesive, prebiotic, and immune-modulatory effects. Relationships among milk microbes, fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and inflammation have been reported for humans. To our knowledge, associations among the milk microbial composition, fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and lactose have not been reported for healthy lactating cows. Identifying these potential relationships in bovine milk will inform future efforts to characterize direct and indirect interactions of the milk components with the milk microbiota. Since many milk components are associated with herd management practices, determining if these milk components impact milk microbes may provide valuable information for dairy cow management and breeding practices aimed at minimizing harmful and spoilage-causing microbes in raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynne C. Coates
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sierra D. Durham
- University of California, Davis, Food Science and Technology, Davis, California, USA
| | - David H. Storms
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrew D. Magnuson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Diane L. Van Hekken
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Dairy and Functional Foods Research, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Plumier
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Dairy and Functional Foods Research, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John W. Finley
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, George Washington Carver Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Naomi K. Fukagawa
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Peggy M. Tomasula
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Dairy and Functional Foods Research, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danielle G. Lemay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matthew J. Picklo
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Daniela Barile
- University of California, Davis, Food Science and Technology, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kenneth F. Kalscheur
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary E. Kable
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA
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13
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Zhu H, Miao R, Tao X, Wu J, Liu L, Qu J, Liu H, Sun Y, Li L, Qu Y. Longitudinal Changes in Milk Microorganisms in the First Two Months of Lactation of Primiparous and Multiparous Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1923. [PMID: 37370433 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present experiment was carried out to analyze the longitudinal changes in milk microorganisms. For this purpose, milk samples were collected from 12 healthy cows (n = 96; six primiparous cows and six multiparous cows) at eight different time points. The characteristics and variations in microbial composition were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. In the primiparous group, higher and more stable alpha diversity was observed in transitional and mature milk compared with the colostrum, with no significant difference in alpha diversity at each time point in the multiparous group. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota were the most dominant phyla, and Pseudomonas, UCG-005, Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Serratia, Staphylococcus, and Glutamicibacter were the most dominant genera in both primiparous and multiparous cow milk. Some typically gut-associated microbes, such as Bacteroides, UCG-005, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, etc., were enriched in the two groups. Biomarker taxa with the day in time (DIM) were identified by a random forest algorithm, with Staphylococcus showing the highest degree of interpretation, and the difference in milk microbiota between the two groups was mainly reflected in 0 d-15 d. Additionally, network analysis suggested that there were bacteria associated with the total protein content in milk. Collectively, our results disclosed the longitudinal changes in the milk microbiota of primiparous and multiparous cows, providing further evidence in dairy microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Renfang Miao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xinxu Tao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jianhao Wu
- Bright Farming Co., Ltd., No. 1518, West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Licheng Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation, No. 101 Xiangfu Road, Herbin 150038, China
| | - Jiachen Qu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yanting Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, No. 99 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Lingyan Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yongli Qu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
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14
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Yadav P, Yadav AB, Gaur P, Mishra V, Huma ZI, Sharma N, Son YO. Bioengineered Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Bovine Mastitis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123282. [PMID: 36552038 PMCID: PMC9775900 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is the most devastating economic disease in dairy cattle. Mastitis in dairy cattle frequently occurs during the dry period or during early lactation. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)are the main causative agents of mastitis in India. S. aureus can form microabscesses in the udder and develop a subclinical form of mastitis. This bacterial property hinders an effective cure during the lactation period. Antimicrobials used for treatments have a short half-life at the site of action because of frequent milking; thereforethey are unable to maintain the desired drug concentration for effective clearance of bacteria. We demonstrated the potential of ciprofloxacin-encapsulated nanocarriersthat can improve the availability of drugs and provide an effective means for mastitis treatment. These drug-loaded nanoparticles show low toxicity and slow clearance from the site of action. Antimicrobial activity against clinical strains of E. coli and S. aureus showed that the zone of inhibition depended on the dose (0.5 mg to 2 mg/mL nanoparticle solution from 11.6 to 14.5 mm and 15 to 18 mm). These nanoparticles showed good antimicrobial activity in broth culture and agar diffusion assay against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Yadav
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Pryagraj 211002, India
| | - Awadh Bihari Yadav
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Pryagraj 211002, India
| | - Preksha Gaur
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Pryagraj 211002, India
| | - Vartika Mishra
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Pryagraj 211002, India
| | - Zul-I Huma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu 181102, India
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu 181102, India
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (Y.-O.S.); Tel.: +91-94192-48061 (N.S.); +82-64-754-3331 (Y.-O.S.)
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690756, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (Y.-O.S.); Tel.: +91-94192-48061 (N.S.); +82-64-754-3331 (Y.-O.S.)
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15
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Williamson JR, Callaway TR, Lourenco JM, Ryman VE. Characterization of rumen, fecal, and milk microbiota in lactating dairy cows. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984119. [PMID: 36225385 PMCID: PMC9549371 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the gastrointestinal microbiome for improvement of feed efficiency and reduction of production costs is a potential promising strategy. However little progress has been made in manipulation of the gut microbiomes in dairy cattle to improve milk yield and milk quality. Even less understood is the milk microbiome. Understanding the milk microbiome may provide insight into how the microbiota correlate with milk yield and milk quality. The objective of this study was to characterize similarities between rumen, fecal, and milk microbiota simultaneously, and to investigate associations between microbiota, milk somatic cell count (SCC), and milk yield. A total of 51 mid-lactation, multiparous Holstein dairy cattle were chosen for sampling of ruminal, fecal, and milk contents that were processed for microbial DNA extraction and sequencing. Cows were categorized based on low, medium, and high SCC; as well as low, medium, and high milk yield. Beta diversity indicated that ruminal, fecal, and milk populations were distinct (p < 0.001). Additionally, the Shannon index demonstrated that ruminal microbial populations were more diverse (p < 0.05) than were fecal and milk populations, and milk microbiota was the least diverse of all sample types (p < 0.001). While diversity indices were not linked (p > 0.1) with milk yield, milk microbial populations from cows with low SCC demonstrated a more evenly distributed microbiome in comparison to cows with high SCC values (p = 0.053). These data demonstrate the complexity of host microbiomes both in the gut and mammary gland. Further, we conclude that there is a significant relationship between mammary health (i.e., SCC) and the milk microbiome. Whether this microbiome could be utilized in efforts to protect the mammary gland remains unclear, but should be explored in future studies.
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16
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Akhtar M, Naqvi SUAS, Liu Q, Pan H, Ma Z, Kong N, Chen Y, Shi D, Kulyar MFEA, Khan JA, Liu H. Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling Staphylococcus aureus-Mediated Mastitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183687. [PMID: 36145063 PMCID: PMC9503071 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an emerging health concern in animals. An increased incidence of mastitis in dairy cows has been reported in the last few years across the world. It is estimated that up to 20% of cows are suffering from mastitis, causing incompetency in the mucosal immunity and resulting in excessive global economic losses in the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been reported as the most common bacterial pathogen of mastitis at clinical and sub-clinical levels. Antibiotics, including penicillin, macrolides, lincomycin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and methicillin, were used to cure S. aureus-induced mastitis. However, S. aureus is resistant to most antibiotics, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) especially has emerged as a critical health concern. MRSA impairs immune homeostasis leaving the host more susceptible to other infections. Thus, exploring an alternative to antibiotics has become an immediate requirement of the current decade. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the potent bioactive metabolites produced by host gut microbiota through fermentation and play a crucial role in host/pathogen interaction and could be applied as a potential therapeutic agent against mastitis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanism by which SCFAs alleviate mastitis, providing the theoretical reference for the usage of SCFAs in preventing or curing mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akhtar
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Qiyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Na Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jawaria Ali Khan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Mtshali K, Khumalo ZTH, Kwenda S, Arshad I, Thekisoe OMM. Exploration and comparison of bacterial communities present in bovine faeces, milk and blood using 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273799. [PMID: 36044481 PMCID: PMC9432762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle by-products like faeces, milk and blood have many uses among rural communities; aiding to facilitate everyday household activities and occasional rituals. Ecologically, the body sites from which they are derived consist of distinct microbial communities forming a complex ecosystem of niches. We aimed to explore and compare the faecal, milk and blood microbiota of cows through 16S rRNA sequencing. All downstream analyses were performed using applications in R Studio (v3.6.1). Alpha-diversity metrics showed significant differences between faeces and blood; faeces and milk; but non-significant between blood and milk using Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 0,05. The beta-diversity metrics on Principal Coordinate Analysis and Non-Metric Dimensional Scaling significantly clustered samples by type (PERMANOVA test, P < 0,05). The overall analysis revealed a total of 30 phyla, 74 classes, 156 orders, 243 families and 408 genera. Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla overall. A total of 58 genus-level taxa occurred concurrently between the body sites. The important taxa could be categorized into four potentially pathogenic clusters i.e. arthropod-borne; food-borne and zoonotic; mastitogenic; and metritic and abortigenic. A number of taxa were significantly differentially abundant (DA) between sites based on the Wald test implemented in DESeq2 package. Majority of the DA taxa (i.e. Romboutsia, Paeniclostridium, Monoglobus, Akkermansia, Turicibacter, Bacteroides, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, UCG-005 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004) were significantly enriched in faeces in comparison to milk and blood, except for Anaplasma which was greatly enriched in blood and was in turn the largest microbial genus in the entire analysis. This study provides insights into the microbial community composition of the sampled body sites and its extent of overlapping. It further highlights the potential risk of disease occurrence and transmission between the animals and the community of Waaihoek in KwaZulu-Natal, Republic of South Africa pertaining to their unsanitary practices associated with the use of cattle by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khethiwe Mtshali
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Zamantungwa Thobeka Happiness Khumalo
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Study Management, ClinVet International, Bainsvlei, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Stanford Kwenda
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ismail Arshad
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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18
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Wang Y, Nan X, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Wang H, Zhang F, Hua D, Liu J, Yang L, Yao J, Xiong B. Discrepancies among healthy, subclinical mastitic, and clinical mastitic cows in fecal microbiome and metabolome and serum metabolome. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7668-7688. [PMID: 35931488 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is generally considered a local inflammatory disease caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogens and resulting in the dysbiosis of microbiota and metabolites in milk. However, the entero-mammary pathway theory may establish a possible link between some endogenous gut bacteria and the occurrence and development of mastitis. In the current study, we attempted to investigate differences in the gut microbiota profile and metabolite composition in gut and serum from healthy cows and those with subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis. Compared with those of healthy cows, the microbial community diversities in the feces of cows with subclinical mastitis (SM) and clinical mastitis (CM) were lower. Lower abundance of Bifidobacterium, Romboutsia, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Coprococcus, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Ruminococcus, and Alistipes, and higher abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genera Escherichia-Shigella and Streptococcus were observed in CM cows. Klebsiella and Paeniclostridium were significantly enriched in the feces of SM cows. Several similarities were observed in feces and serum metabolites in mastitic cows. Higher levels of proinflammatory lipid products (20-trihydroxy-leukotriene-B4, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, and 9,10-dihydroxylinoleic acids) and lower levels of metabolites involved in secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, 12-ketolithocholic acid), energy (citric acid and 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine), and purine metabolism (uric acid and inosine) were identified in both SM and CM cows. In addition, elevated concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and decreased concentrations of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were detected in the serum of SM and CM cows. Higher serum concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol and lower concentrations of high-density lipoproteins in mastitic cows might be related to changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites. These findings suggested a significant difference in the profile of feces microbiota and metabolites in cows with different udder health status, which might increase our understanding of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dengke Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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19
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Zhang J, Li W, Tang Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Xiao W, Yu Y. Testing Two Somatic Cell Count Cutoff Values for Bovine Subclinical Mastitis Detection Based on Milk Microbiota and Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Transcriptome Profile. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131694. [PMID: 35804592 PMCID: PMC9264859 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell count (SCC) is an important indicator of the health state of bovine udders. However, the exact cut-off value used for differentiating the cows with healthy quarters from the cows with subclinical mastitis remains controversial. Here, we collected composite milk (milk from four udder quarters) and peripheral blood samples from individual cows in two different dairy farms and used 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with RNA-seq to explore the differences in the milk microbial composition and transcriptome of cows with three different SCC levels (LSCC: <100,000 cells/mL, MSCC: 100,000−200,000 cells/mL, HSCC: >200,000 cells/mL). Results showed that the milk microbial profiles and gene expression profiles of samples derived from cows in the MSCC group were indeed relatively easily discriminated from those from cows in the LSCC group. Discriminative analysis also uncovered some differentially abundant microbiota at the genus level, such as Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, which were more abundant in milk samples from cows with SCC below 100,000 cells/mL. As for the transcriptome profiling, 79 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to have the same direction of regulation in two sites, and functional analyses also showed that biological processes involved in inflammatory responses were more active in MSCC and HSCC cows. Overall, these results showed a similarity between the milk microbiota and gene expression profiles of MSCC and HSCC cows, which presented further evidence that 100,000 cells/ml is a more optimal cut-off value than 200,000 cells/mL for intramammary infection detection at the cow level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.T.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wenlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.T.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yongjie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.T.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.T.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.T.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yueling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.T.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yachun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.T.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wei Xiao
- Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.T.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (Y.Y.)
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20
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Chen X, An M, Zhang W, Li K, Kulyar MFEA, Duan K, Zhou H, Wu Y, Wan X, Li J, Quan L, Mai Z, Bai W, Wu Y. Integrated Bacteria-Fungi Diversity Analysis Reveals the Gut Microbial Changes in Buffalo With Mastitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:918541. [PMID: 35832328 PMCID: PMC9271935 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.918541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbial community is closely related to mastitis, but studies regarding the influences of mastitis on gut microbiota in buffalo remain scarce. Herein, we characterized the differences in gut bacterial and fungal communities between mastitis-affected and healthy buffalos. Interestingly, although mastitis had no effect on gut bacterial and fungal diversities in the buffalos, some bacterial and fungal taxa were significantly altered. Bacterial and fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the preponderant bacterial phyla (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) and fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) in buffalo were the same regardless of health status. At the level of genus, the changes in some gut bacterial and fungal abundances between both groups were gradually observed. Compared with healthy buffalos, the proportions of 3 bacterial genera (uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae, Eubacterium_nodatum_group, and Lachnoclostridium_10) and 1 fungal genus (Pichia) in the mastitis-affected buffalo were significantly increased, whereas 4 bacterial genera (Ruminococcus_2, Candidatus_Stoquefichus, Turicibacter, and Cellulosilyticum) and 4 fungal genera (Cladosporium, Thermothelomyces, Ganoderma and Aspergillus) were significantly decreased. Taken together, this research revealed that there was significant difference in the compositions of the gut microbial community between the healthy and mastitis-affected buffalos. To our knowledge, this is the first insight into the characteristics of the gut microbiota in buffalos with mastitis, which is beneficial to understand the gut microbial information of buffalo in different health states and elucidate the pathogenesis of mastitis from the gut microbial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushuang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Kun Duan
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lingtong Quan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanhai Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenxia Bai
- Nanjing Superbiotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wu
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21
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Lotoux A, Milohanic E, Bierne H. The Viable But Non-Culturable State of Listeria monocytogenes in the One-Health Continuum. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:849915. [PMID: 35372114 PMCID: PMC8974916 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.849915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial species, including several pathogens, can enter a so-called “viable but non-culturable” (VBNC) state when subjected to stress. Bacteria in the VBNC state are metabolically active but have lost their ability to grow on standard culture media, which compromises their detection by conventional techniques based on bacterial division. Under certain conditions, VBNC bacteria can regain their growth capacity and, for pathogens, their virulence potential, through a process called resuscitation. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the VBNC state of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium responsible for listeriosis, one of the most dangerous foodborne zoonosis. After a brief summary of characteristics of VBNC bacteria, we highlight work on VBNC Lm in the environment and in agricultural and food industry settings, with particular emphasis on the impact of antimicrobial treatments. We subsequently discuss recent data suggesting that Lm can enter the VBNC state in the host, raising the possibility that VBNC forms contribute to the asymptomatic carriage of this pathogen in wildlife, livestock and even humans. We also consider the resuscitation and virulence potential of VBNC Lm and the danger posed by these bacteria to at-risk individuals, particularly pregnant women. Overall, we put forth the hypothesis that VBNC forms contribute to adaptation, persistence, and transmission of Lm between different ecological niches in the One-Health continuum, and suggest that screening for healthy carriers, using alternative techniques to culture-based enrichment methods, should better prevent listeriosis risks.
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22
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Moreno CG, Luque AT, Galvão KN, Otero MC. Bacterial communities from vagina of dairy healthy heifers and cows with impaired reproductive performance. Res Vet Sci 2021; 142:15-23. [PMID: 34847462 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal microenvironment plays a significant role in bovine fertility since its resident microorganisms interact with the host mucosa and constitutes the first barrier against ascending pathogens in the reproductive tract. In this study, the vaginal microbiome of healthy heifers (H) and cows with impaired reproductive performance, metritis complex (MT) or repeat breeders (RB), was assessed using a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. Analysis revealed that even though a vaginal microbiological guild (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria) was shared among healthy heifers and cows with uterine disease; further analysis at genus level showed significant differences depending on the reproductive health status. The relative abundances of recognized uterine pathogens such as Bacteroidetes, Fusobacterium and Helcococcus were higher in MT when compared with H and RB; therefore, their presence in vagina can be considered as a risk factor for fertility. The present study describes for the first time, the composition of native bacterial communities in the vagina of cows undergoing the repeat breeding syndrome (RBS), and reports an association between this disease and the presence of Porphyromonas and unassigned genera of the Pasteurellaceae family. In addition, this work highlights the bacteria associated with a healthy vagina: genera from the families Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae and the genera Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Oscillospira, CF231 and 5-7NS. Results highlighted herein, signify the potential of the evaluation of the bovine vaginal microbiome to future design therapeutic interventions to improve pregnancy rates however, further research is needed to elucidate the balance of bacterial species resulting in an optimal reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Gonzalez Moreno
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Florentino Ameghino s/n, CP 4105, Barrio Mercantil, El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Andrea Torres Luque
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - María C Otero
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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23
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Gryaznova MV, Syromyatnikov MY, Dvoretskaya YD, Solodskikh SA, Klimov NT, Mikhalev VI, Zimnikov VI, Mikhaylov EV, Popov VN. Microbiota of Cow's Milk with Udder Pathologies. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091974. [PMID: 34576870 PMCID: PMC8469946 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is the most common disease for cattle, causing great economic losses for the global dairy industry. Recent studies indicate the multi-agent and microbiome diversity of this disease. To understand the nature of mastitis and investigate the role of the microbiome in the development of pathologies in the udder of bovines, we performed NGS sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of cow’s milk with pathologies of the udder. The obtained data show a significant increase in the Cutibacterium, Blautia, Clostridium sensu stricto 2, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Microbacterium genera for groups of cows with udder pathologies. Increasing relative abundance of the Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genera was associated with subclinical mastitis. Our data show that a relative increase in abundance of the Staphylococcus and Microbacterium genera may be an early sign of infection. We have shown, for the first time, an increase in the Colidextribacter, Paeniclostridium and Turicibacter genera in groups of cows with mastitis. These results expand our understanding of the role of the microbiome in the development of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya V. Gryaznova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (M.V.G.); (Y.D.D.); (S.A.S.); (V.N.P.)
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Syromyatnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (M.V.G.); (Y.D.D.); (S.A.S.); (V.N.P.)
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-473-220-0876
| | - Yulia D. Dvoretskaya
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (M.V.G.); (Y.D.D.); (S.A.S.); (V.N.P.)
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Solodskikh
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (M.V.G.); (Y.D.D.); (S.A.S.); (V.N.P.)
| | - Nikolay T. Klimov
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia; (N.T.K.); (V.I.M.); (V.I.Z.); (E.V.M.)
| | - Vitaliy I. Mikhalev
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia; (N.T.K.); (V.I.M.); (V.I.Z.); (E.V.M.)
| | - Vitaliy I. Zimnikov
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia; (N.T.K.); (V.I.M.); (V.I.Z.); (E.V.M.)
| | - Evgeniy V. Mikhaylov
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia; (N.T.K.); (V.I.M.); (V.I.Z.); (E.V.M.)
| | - Vasily N. Popov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (M.V.G.); (Y.D.D.); (S.A.S.); (V.N.P.)
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
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24
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Analysis of bovine colostrum microbiota at a dairy farm in Ningxia, China. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Warder LMC, Doster E, Parker JK, Morley PS, McClure JT, Heider LC, Sánchez J. Characterization of the microbiota and resistome of bulk tank milk samples from Prince Edward Island dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11082-11090. [PMID: 34334208 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bulk tank milk (BTM) is regularly used for surveillance on dairy farms for disease conditions such as mastitis and Johne's disease. In this study, we used 16S rRNA sequencing and bait-capture enrichment to characterize the microbiota and resistome of BTM, and investigate potential differences between the cream or pellet fractions. A total of 12 BTM samples were taken from 12 Prince Edward Island dairy farms, in Atlantic Canada, in duplicates. The DNA was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and a suite of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Target-capture enrichment of AMR genes was conducted before shotgun sequencing. The bioinformatics pipelines QIIME 2 and AMR++ were used for microbiota and resistome analysis, respectively. Differences between microbiotae were evaluated qualitatively with nonmetric multidimensional scaling and quantitatively with permutational ANOVA of UniFrac distances. A total of 47 phyla were present across the BTM samples. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla. At the genus level, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus, and Turicibacter were the most abundant. There was no significant difference in the Faith's phylogenetic diversity between the cream and pellet fraction. Faith's phylogenetic diversity differed marginally by stall type. There were 10,217 hits across 80 unique AMR genes, with tetracycline resistance being the most common class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon M C Warder
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3.
| | - Enrique Doster
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, Canyon 79015; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
| | - Jennifer K Parker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
| | - Paul S Morley
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, Canyon 79015
| | - J T McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Luke C Heider
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Javier Sánchez
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
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26
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Ma T, Shen L, Wen Q, Lv R, Hou Q, Kwok LY, Sun Z, Zhang H. PacBio sequencing revealed variation in the microbiota diversity, species richness and composition between milk collected from healthy and mastitis cows. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 34292863 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is the economically most important disease of dairy cows. This study used PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing technology to sequence the full-length 16S rRNAs from 27 milk samples (18 from mastitis and nine from healthy cows; the cows were at different stages of lactation). We observed that healthy or late stage milk microbiota had significantly higher microbial diversity and richness. The community composition of the microbiota of different groups also varied greatly. The healthy cow milk microbiota was predominantly comprised of Lactococcus lactis, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Bacteroides dorei, while the milk from mastitis cows was predominantly comprised of Bacillus cereus. The prevalence of L. lactis and B. cereus in the milk samples was confirmed by digital droplets PCR. Differences in the milk microbiota diversity and composition could suggest an important role for some these microbes in protecting the host from mastitis while others associated with mastitis. The results of our research serve as useful references for designing strategies to prevent and treat mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China
| | - Lingling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China
| | - Qiannan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China
| | - Ruirui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China
| | - Lai Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China
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Guo X, Yu Z, Zhao F, Sun Z, Kwok LY, Li S. Both sampling seasonality and geographic origin contribute significantly to variations in raw milk microbiota, but sampling seasonality is the more determining factor. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10609-10627. [PMID: 34253372 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accurately profiling and characterizing factors shaping raw milk microbiota would provide practical information for detecting microbial contamination and unusual changes in milk. The current work was an observational study aiming to profile the microbiota of raw milk collected across wide geographic regions in China in different seasons and to investigate the contribution of geographical, seasonal, and environmental factors in shaping the raw milk microbiota. A total of 355 raw cow milk samples from healthy Holsteins and 41 environmental samples (farm soil and surface of milking room floor) were collected from 5 dairy farms in 5 Chinese provinces (namely, Daqing in Heilongjiang province, Jiaozuo in Henan province, Qingyuan in Guangdong province, Suqian in Jiangsu province, and Yinchuan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) in January, May, and September 2018. The microbial communities in raw milk and farm environmental samples were determined using the PacBio small-molecule real-time circular consensus sequencing, which generated high-fidelity microbiota profiles based on full-length 16S rRNA genes; such technology was advantageous in producing accurate species-level information. Our results showed that both seasonality and sampling region were significant factors influencing the milk microbiota; however, the raw milk microbiota was highly diverse according to seasonality, and sampling region was the less determining factor. The wide variation in raw milk microbial communities between samples made it difficult to define a representative species-level core milk microbiota. Nevertheless, 3 most universal milk-associated species were identified: Lactococcus lactis, Enhydrobacter aerosaccus, and Acinetobacter lwoffii, which were consistently detected in 99%, 95%, and 94% of all analyzed milk samples, respectively (n = 355). The top taxa accounting for the overall seasonal microbiota variation were Bacillus (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus safensis), Lactococcus (Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus piscium, Lactococcus raffinolactis), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enhydrobacter aerosaccus, Pseudomonas fragi, and Psychrobacter cibarius. Unlike the milk microbiota, the environmental microbiota did not exhibit obvious pattern of seasonal or geographic variation. However, this study was limited by the relatively low number and types of environmental samples, making it statistically not meaningful to perform further correlation analysis between the milk and environmental microbiota. Nevertheless, this study generated novel information on raw milk microbiota across wide geographic regions of China and found that seasonality was more significant in shaping the raw milk microbiota compared with geographic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongjie Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Abellan-Schneyder I, Siebert A, Hofmann K, Wenning M, Neuhaus K. Full-Length SSU rRNA Gene Sequencing Allows Species-Level Detection of Bacteria, Archaea, and Yeasts Present in Milk. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1251. [PMID: 34207561 PMCID: PMC8229006 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Full-length SSU rRNA gene sequencing allows species-level identification of the microorganisms present in milk samples. Here, we used bulk-tank raw milk samples of two German dairies and detected, using this method, a great diversity of bacteria, archaea, and yeasts within the samples. Moreover, the species-level classification was improved in comparison to short amplicon sequencing. Therefore, we anticipate that this approach might be useful for the detection of possible mastitis-causing species, as well as for the control of spoilage-associated microorganisms. In a proof of concept, we showed that we were able to identify several putative mastitis-causing or mastitis-associated species such as Streptococcusuberis, Streptococcusagalactiae, Streptococcusdysgalactiae, Escherichiacoli and Staphylococcusaureus, as well as several Candida species. Overall, the presented full-length approach for the sequencing of SSU rRNA is easy to conduct, able to be standardized, and allows the screening of microorganisms in labs with Illumina sequencing machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Abellan-Schneyder
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Annemarie Siebert
- Chair of Microbial Ecology, ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; (A.S.); (K.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Chair of Microbial Ecology, ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; (A.S.); (K.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Mareike Wenning
- Chair of Microbial Ecology, ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; (A.S.); (K.H.); (M.W.)
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit LGL, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany;
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Sokolov S, Fursova K, Shulcheva I, Nikanova D, Artyemieva O, Kolodina E, Sorokin A, Dzhelyadin T, Shchannikova M, Shepelyakovskaya A, Zinovieva N, Brovko F. Comparative Analysis of Milk Microbiomes and Their Association with Bovine Mastitis in Two Farms in Central Russia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051401. [PMID: 34068998 PMCID: PMC8156869 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a widespread infectious disease. In addition to the economic damages associated with reduced milk yield due to mastitis, the problem of food contamination by microorganism metabolites, in particular toxins, is also a concern. Horizontal transfer of microorganisms from animal populations to humans can also be complicated by antibiotic resistance. Therefore, bovine mastitis is relevant to the study of microbiology and veterinary medicine. In this study, we investigated the microbiome of milk samples from healthy cows and cows with different forms of mastitis from individual quarters of the udder of cows during first and second lactation. Total DNA was extracted from milk samples. The V3-V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes from each sample were amplified to generate a library via high-throughput sequencing. We revealed significant dominance of several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) corresponding mostly to groups of Staphylococcus aureus, Aerococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. In addition, we unexpectedly identified Streptococcus thermophilus in samples with high SCC quantities. We found some infectious agents that characterized summer mastitis. We demonstrated that in Central Russia, mastitis is associated with a wide variety of causal organisms. We observed some differences in the diversity of the two investigated farms. However, we did not find any significant difference among healthy, mastitis and subclinical samples according to their SCC status from either farms by principal component analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) confirmed the presence of several indicator genera in farms from Moscow and the Tula Region. These results confirm the complex bacterial etiology of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Sokolov
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
- Laboratory of Plasmid Biology, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches”, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry & Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-496-773-3962
| | - Ksenia Fursova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Irina Shulcheva
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Daria Nikanova
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Olga Artyemieva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Evgenia Kolodina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Anatoly Sorokin
- Laboratory of Cell Genome Functioning Mechanisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Timur Dzhelyadin
- Laboratory of Cell Genome Functioning Mechanisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Margarita Shchannikova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Shepelyakovskaya
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Natalia Zinovieva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Fedor Brovko
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
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Rodriguez C, Taminiau B, García-Fuentes E, Daube G, Korsak N. Listeria monocytogenes dissemination in farming and primary production: Sources, shedding and control measures. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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A Combined Metabolomic and Metagenomic Approach to Discriminate Raw Milk for the Production of Hard Cheese. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010109. [PMID: 33419189 PMCID: PMC7825538 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of milk can be significantly affected by different factors across the dairy supply chain, including primary production practices. Among the latter, the feeding system could drive the nutritional value and technological properties of milk and dairy products. Therefore, in this work, a combined foodomics approach based on both untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics was used to shed light onto the impact of feeding systems (i.e., hay vs. a mixed ration based on hay and fresh forage) on the chemical profile of raw milk for the production of hard cheese. In particular, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF) was used to investigate the chemical profile of raw milk (n = 46) collected from dairy herds located in the Po River Valley (Italy) and considering different feeding systems. Overall, a total of 3320 molecular features were putatively annotated across samples, corresponding to 734 unique compound structures, with significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two feeding regimens under investigation. Additionally, supervised multivariate statistics following metabolomics-based analysis allowed us to clearly discriminate raw milk samples according to the feeding systems, also extrapolating the most discriminant metabolites. Interestingly, 10 compounds were able to strongly explain the differences as imposed by the addition of forage in the cows’ diet, being mainly glycerophospholipids (i.e., lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylcholines), followed by 5-(3′,4′-Dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-4′-O-glucuronide, 5a-androstan-3a,17b-diol disulfuric acid, and N-stearoyl glycine. The markers identified included both feed-derived (such as phenolic metabolites) and animal-derived compounds (such as lipids and derivatives). Finally, although characterized by a lower prediction ability, the metagenomic profile was found to be significantly correlated to some milk metabolites, with Staphylococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Dermabacteraceae establishing a higher number of significant correlations with the discriminant metabolites. Therefore, taken together, our preliminary results provide a comprehensive foodomic picture of raw milk samples from different feeding regimens, thus supporting further ad hoc studies investigating the metabolomic and metagenomic changes of milk in all processing conditions.
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Esteban-Blanco C, Gutiérrez-Gil B, Marina H, Pelayo R, Suárez-Vega A, Acedo A, Arranz JJ. The Milk Microbiota of the Spanish Churra Sheep Breed: New Insights into the Complexity of the Milk Microbiome of Dairy Species. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091463. [PMID: 32825408 PMCID: PMC7552695 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last decade, the number of studies focused on the study of the microbiota of different tissues, organs, or physiological fluids has considerably increased. The milk of dairy species is an important and continuous source of commensal, mutualistic and potentially probiotic bacteria. Second-generation sequencing technologies have been applied to characterise the milk microbiota of dairy cows, whereas the study of the sheep milk microbiota is scarce. In the present study, we aimed to explore the bacterial diversity and composition of milk samples from the Churra sheep breed, a rustic autochthonous breed from the region of Castilla y León (Spain). Moreover, this study tries to clarify the complex bacterial composition of sheep milk comparing the results presented here with previous research on the milk microbiota of the Assaf sheep breed. This assessment has shown that the milk microbiota of ewes from one flock of the Assaf breed is more diverse than the milk microbiota reported here for two different flocks of Churra sheep. The study also provides a step into a better understanding of the link between the bacterial milk composition in these two sheep breeds and somatic cell count, an indicator trait of subclinical mastitis resistance in dairy sheep. Abstract Milk from healthy animals has classically been considered a sterile fluid. With the development of massively parallel sequencing and its application to the study of the microbiome of different body fluids, milk microbiota has been documented in several animal species. In this study, the main objective of this work was to access bacterial profiles of healthy milk samples using the next-generation sequencing of amplicons from the 16S rRNA gene to characterise the milk microbiome of the Churra breed. A total of 212 samples were collected from two Churra dairy farms with a different management system. The core milk microbiota in Churra ewes includes lesser genera (only two taxa: Staphylococcus and Escherichia/Shigella) than studies reported in other dairy species or even in a previous study in Assaf sheep milk. We found that diversity values in the two flocks of Churra breed were lower than the diversity of the milk microbiota in Assaf. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination using Bray-Curtis distance separates samples based on their microbiota composition. The information reported here might be used to understand the complex issue of milk microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Esteban-Blanco
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (C.E.-B.); (B.G.-G.); (H.M.); (R.P.); (A.S.-V.)
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (C.E.-B.); (B.G.-G.); (H.M.); (R.P.); (A.S.-V.)
| | - Héctor Marina
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (C.E.-B.); (B.G.-G.); (H.M.); (R.P.); (A.S.-V.)
| | - Rocío Pelayo
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (C.E.-B.); (B.G.-G.); (H.M.); (R.P.); (A.S.-V.)
| | - Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (C.E.-B.); (B.G.-G.); (H.M.); (R.P.); (A.S.-V.)
| | | | - Juan-José Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (C.E.-B.); (B.G.-G.); (H.M.); (R.P.); (A.S.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-987-291-470
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Song X, Huang X, Xu H, Zhang C, Chen S, Liu F, Guan S, Zhang S, Zhu K, Wu C. The prevalence of pathogens causing bovine mastitis and their associated risk factors in 15 large dairy farms in China: An observational study. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108757. [PMID: 32768210 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine the distribution of major pathogens causing mastitis and analyze the association of the main pathogens with the type of milk {milk samples collected from cows with mastitis of different severities, which consisted of subclinical mastitis (Lanzhou Mastitis Test weak positive, positive, and strong positive) and clinical mastitis}, region, season, bedding material, parity and lactation stage on large dairy farms. Fifteen large dairy farms in twelve major milk-producing provinces of China were enrolled in the study for approximately one year; 1,153 mastitis milk samples were collected and processed. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus spp. (39.03 %), Streptococcus spp. (11.01 %), Bacillus spp. (8.24 %), Aerococcus viridans (6.76 %), and Acinetobacter spp. (3.38 %), and most of these pathogens were environmental bacteria (67.53 %). Contagious pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae) were more prevalent in milk samples from bovine clinical mastitis cases than in milk samples from bovine subclinical mastitis cases. The percentages of Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. might be higher in northeastern farms than in farms located in other regions. A higher percentage of Staphylococcus spp. was observed in summer, while a lower proportion of Streptococcus spp. was detected in fall. Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis were more frequently isolated in farms using sand bedding, whereas Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Bacillus licheniformis were more prevalent in farms using organic bedding. No obvious associations were found between the main mastitis pathogens and parity or lactation stage. Based on these findings, the dominant pathogens, types of milk, regions, seasons and bedding materials should be considered when designing mastitis prevention and control programs at large Chinese dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Shang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Shan Guan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China.
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Fusco V, Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Logrieco AF, Cho G, Kabisch J, Böhnlein C, Franz CMAP. Microbial quality and safety of milk and milk products in the 21st century. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2013-2049. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Daniele Chieffi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Gyu‐Sung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Kabisch
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
| | - Christina Böhnlein
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
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High-Throughput 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Butter Microbiota Reveals a Variety of Opportunistic Pathogens. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050608. [PMID: 32397488 PMCID: PMC7278763 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination of dairy products with a high fat content (e.g., butter) has been studied insufficiently. No studies using modern molecular methods to investigate microbial communities in butter have been conducted so far. In this work, we used high-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing of individual bacterial colonies to analyze microbial content of commercially available butter brands. A total of 21 samples of commercially available butter brands were analyzed. We identified a total of 94 amplicon sequence variants corresponding to different microbial taxa. The most abundant lactic acid bacteria in butter were Lactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus parakefiri, Lactococcus taiwanensis and Lactococcus raffinolactis. A large amount of Streptococcus spp. bacteria (87.9% of all identified bacteria) was found in one of the butter samples. Opportunistic pathogens such as Bacillus cereus group, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cronobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, Citrobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumonia were detected. The analyzed butter samples were most strongly contaminated with bacteria from the Bacillus cereus group, and to a lesser extent - with Cronobacter spp. and Enterococcus spp. The plating and Sanger sequencing of individual colonies revealed the presence of Enterobacter cloacae and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The Sanger sequencing also showed the presence of Cronobacter sakazakii in butter which can be dangerous for children under the age of 1 year. We demonstrated that butter is a good growth medium for opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Our data indicate that despite the fact that butter is a dairy product with a long shelf life, it should be subjected to quality control for the presence of opportunistic bacteria.
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Angelopoulou A, Holohan R, Rea MC, Warda AK, Hill C, Ross RP. Bovine mastitis is a polymicrobial disease requiring a polydiagnostic approach. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Benmoussa A, Laugier J, Beauparlant CJ, Lambert M, Droit A, Provost P. Complexity of the microRNA transcriptome of cow milk and milk-derived extracellular vesicles isolated via differential ultracentrifugation. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:16-29. [PMID: 31677838 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small gene-regulatory noncoding RNA that are highly enriched in cow milk. They are encapsulated in different extracellular vesicle (EV) subsets that protect them from the extracellular milieu and the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract during digestion. Here, we isolated pellets enriched in 4 different EV subsets, via differential ultracentrifugation of commercial cow milk: 12,000 × g (P12K), 35,000 × g (P35K), 70,000 × g (P70K), and 100,000 × g (P100K). Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-Seq) analyses revealed an unprecedented level of diversity in the complete miRNA repertoire and features of unfractionated cow milk and derived EV subsets. Although 5 miRNA sequences represented more than 50% of all miRNAs, milk EV exhibited heterogeneous content of miRNAs and isomeric variants (termed isomiR): P100K EV were enriched in reference miRNA sequences, and P12K and P35K EV in related isomiR. Incubation of milk EV with human cultured HeLa cells led to cellular enrichment in miRNA miR-223, which was concomitant with decreased expression of a reporter gene placed under the control of miR-223, thereby demonstrating the functionality of miR-223. These results suggest that cow milk EV may transfer their miRNAs to human cells and regulate recipient cell gene expression programming in a manner as complex as that of their miRNA transcriptome. The biological activity and relevance of the different milk EV subsets and bioactive mediators, including small noncoding RNA, in health and disease, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center/Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Laugier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center/Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Charles Joly Beauparlant
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center/Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie - Néphrologie du Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Lambert
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center/Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center/Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie - Néphrologie du Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center/Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Castro I, Alba C, Aparicio M, Arroyo R, Jiménez L, Fernández L, Arias R, Rodríguez JM. Metataxonomic and immunological analysis of milk from ewes with or without a history of mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9298-9311. [PMID: 31421883 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is a highly prevalent condition that has a great impact on milk production and animal welfare, and often requires substantial management efforts. For this reason, it is generally considered an important threat to the dairy industry. Many microbial, host, and environmental factors can protect against, predispose to, or influence the development of mastitis. The objective of this work was to characterize the milk microbiota of Manchega ewes, and to compare samples from animals with and without a history of mastitis. We analyzed milk samples from 36 ewes belonging to 2 different farms (18 ewes from each farm) using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. We also analyzed several immune compounds to investigate associations of mastitis with 3 main variables: farm; history of mastitis or no mastitis; and parity number. Both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques showed that ewe milk harbored a site-specific complex microbiota and microbiome. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the main species driving the difference between farm A (where it was the dominant species) and B (where it was not). In contrast, samples from farm B were characterized by the presence of a wide spectrum of other coagulase-negative staphylococci. Some of these species have already been associated with subclinical intramammary infections in ruminants. Of the 10 immune compounds assayed in this study, 3 were related to a history of mastitis [IL-8, IFN-γ, and IFN-gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10)]. Increases in IL-8 concentrations in milk seemed to be a feature of subclinical mastitis in sheep, and in this study, this immune factor was detected only in samples from ewes with some episodes of mastitis and from the group with the highest somatic cell count. We also observed a positive correlation between the samples with the highest somatic cell count and IFN-γ and IP-10 levels. Our results suggest that these 3 compounds could be used as biomarkers for the negative selection of mastitis-prone animals, particularly when somatic cell count is very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Alba
- Departmental Section of Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Aparicio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Jiménez
- CERSYRA, Regional Institute of Agrifood and Forestry Research and Development of Castilla La Mancha, 13300 Valdepeñas, Spain
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Departmental Section of Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Arias
- CERSYRA, Regional Institute of Agrifood and Forestry Research and Development of Castilla La Mancha, 13300 Valdepeñas, Spain.
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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