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Qiu Y, Xu D, Lei P, Li S, Xu H. Engineering functional homopolymeric amino acids: from biosynthesis to design. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:310-325. [PMID: 37775417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Homopolymeric amino acids (HPAs) are a class of microbial polymers that can be classified into two categories: anionic and cationic HPAs. Notable examples include γ-poly-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) that have wide-ranging applications in medicine, food, and agriculture. The primary method of manufacture is through microbial synthesis. In recent decades significant efforts have been made to enhance the production of HPAs, specifically focusing on γ-PGA and ε-PL. We comprehensively review current advances in understanding the synthetic mechanisms as well as metabolic engineering and fermentation process techniques to improve the production of HPAs. In addition, we discuss the major challenges and solutions associated with desired structure regulation of HPAs and the development of novel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Delei Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 99 South Third Ring Road, Changshu 215500, PR China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Nanjing Shineking Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210061, PR China.
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2
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Gao WL, Fang JL, Zhu CY, Xu WF, Lyu ZY, Chan XA, Zhao QW, Li YQ. Identification and Characterization of a New Regulator, TagR, for Environmental Stress Resistance Based on the DNA Methylome of Streptomyces roseosporus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0038023. [PMID: 37154757 PMCID: PMC10269677 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00380-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a defense that microorganisms use against extreme environmental stress, and improving resistance against environmental stress is essential for industrial actinomycetes. However, research on strain optimization utilizing DNA methylation for breakthroughs is rare. Based on DNA methylome analysis and KEGG pathway assignment in Streptomyces roseosporus, we discovered an environmental stress resistance regulator, TagR. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments identified TagR as a negative regulator, and it is the first reported regulator of the wall teichoic acid (WTA) ABC transport system. Further study showed that TagR had a positive self-regulatory loop and m4C methylation in the promoter improved its expression. The ΔtagR mutant exhibited better hyperosmotic resistance and higher decanoic acid tolerance than the wild type, which led to a 100% increase in the yield of daptomycin. Moreover, enhancing the expression of the WTA transporter resulted in better osmotic stress resistance in Streptomyces lividans TK24, indicating the potential for wide application of the TagR-WTA transporter regulatory pathway. This research confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of mining regulators of environmental stress resistance based on the DNA methylome, characterized the mechanism of TagR, and improved the resistance and daptomycin yield of strains. Furthermore, this research provides a new perspective on the optimization of industrial actinomycetes. IMPORTANCE This study established a novel strategy for screening regulators of environmental stress resistance based on the DNA methylome and discovered a new regulator, TagR. The TagR-WTA transporter regulatory pathway improved the resistance and antibiotic yield of strains and has the potential for wide application. Our research provides a new perspective on the optimization and reconstruction of industrial actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Le Fang
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lyu
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ai Chan
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Quan Li
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang Z, He P, Hu S, Yu Y, Wang X, Ishaq AR, Chen S. Promoting cell growth for bio-chemicals production via boosting the synthesis of L/D-alanine and D-alanyl-D-alanine in Bacillus licheniformis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:115. [PMID: 36918439 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering is a substantial approach for escalating the production of biochemical products. Cell biomass is lowered by system constraints and toxication carried on by the aggregation of metabolites that serve as inhibitors of product synthesis. In order to increase the production of biochemical products, it is important to trace the relationship between alanine metabolism and biomass. According to our investigation, the appropriate concentration of additional L/D-alanine (0.1 g/L) raised the cell biomass (OD600) in Bacillus licheniformis in contrast to the control strain. Remarkably, it was also determined that high levels of intracellular L/D-alanine and D-alanyl-D-alanine were induced by the overexpression of the ald, dal, and ddl genes to accelerate cell proliferation. Our findings clearly revealed that 0.2 g/L of L-alanine and D-alanine substantially elevated the titer of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) by 14.89% and 6.19%, correspondingly. And the levels of γ-PGA titer were hastened by the overexpression of the ald, dal, and ddl genes by 19.72%, 15.91%, and 16.64%, respectively. Furthermore, overexpression of ald, dal, and ddl genes decreased the by-products (acetoin, 2,3-butanediol, acetic acid and lactic acid) formation by about 14.10%, 8.77%, and 8.84% for augmenting the γ-PGA production. Our results also demonstrated that overexpression of ald gene amplified the production of lichenysin, pulcherrimin and nattokinase by about 18.71%, 19.82% and 21.49%, respectively. This work delineated the importance of the L/D-alanine and D-alanyl-D-alanine synthesis to the cell growth and the high production of bio-products, and provided an effective strategy for producing bio-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Penghui He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Ali Raza Ishaq
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China. .,, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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4
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Czajka JJ, Banerjee D, Eng T, Menasalvas J, Yan C, Munoz NM, Poirier BC, Kim YM, Baker SE, Tang YJ, Mukhopadhyay A. Tuning a high performing multiplexed-CRISPRi Pseudomonas putida strain to further enhance indigoidine production. Metab Eng Commun 2022; 15:e00206. [PMID: 36158112 PMCID: PMC9494242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a 14-gene edited Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strain for heterologous indigoidine production was examined using three distinct omic datasets. Transcriptomic data indicated that CRISPR/dCpf1-interference (CRISPRi) mediated multiplex repression caused global gene expression changes, implying potential undesirable changes in metabolic flux. 13C-metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) revealed that the core P. putida flux network after CRISPRi repression was conserved, with moderate reduction of TCA cycle and pyruvate shunt activity along with glyoxylate shunt activation during glucose catabolism. Metabolomic results identified a change in intracellular TCA metabolites and extracellular metabolite secretion profiles (sugars and succinate overflow) in the engineered strains. These omic analyses guided further strain engineering, with a random mutagenesis screen first identifying an optimal ribosome binding site (RBS) for Cpf1 that enabled stronger product-substrate pairing (1.6-fold increase). Then, deletion strains were constructed with excision of the PHA operon (ΔphaAZC-IID) resulting in a 2.2-fold increase in indigoidine titer over the optimized Cpf1-RBS construct at the end of the growth phase (∼6 h). The maximum indigoidine titer (at 72 h) in the ΔphaAZC-IID strain had a 1.5-fold and 1.8-fold increase compared to the optimized Cpf1-RBS construct and the original strain, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrated that integration of omic data types is essential for understanding responses to complex metabolic engineering designs and directly quantified the effect of such modifications on central metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Czajka
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Deepanwita Banerjee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Eng
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Javier Menasalvas
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chunsheng Yan
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nathalie Munoz Munoz
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Brenton C Poirier
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Scott E Baker
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yinjie J Tang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Transcription factor DegU-mediated multi-pathway regulation on lichenysin biosynthesis in Bacillus licheniformis. Metab Eng 2022; 74:108-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li D, Hou L, Gao Y, Tian Z, Fan B, Wang F, Li S. Recent Advances in Microbial Synthesis of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050739. [PMID: 35267372 PMCID: PMC8909396 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural, safe, non-immunogenic, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly glutamic biopolymer. γ-PGA has been regarded as a promising bio-based materials in the food field, medical field, even in environmental engineering field, and other industrial fields. Microbial synthesis is an economical and effective way to synthesize γ-PGA. Bacillus species are the most widely studied producing strains. γ-PGA biosynthesis involves metabolic pathway of racemization, polymerization, transfer, and catabolism. Although microbial synthesis of γ-PGA has already been used extensively, productivity and yield remain the major constraints for its industrial application. Metabolic regulation is an attempt to solve the above bottleneck problems and meet the demands of commercialization. Therefore, it is important to understand critical factors that influence γ-PGA microbial synthesis in depth. This review focuses on production strains, biosynthetic pathway, and metabolic regulation. Moreover, it systematically summarizes the functional properties, purification procedure, and industrial application of γ-PGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Lizhen Hou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Yaxin Gao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Zhiliang Tian
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-010-62815977 (F.W.); +86-010-62810295 (S.L.)
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-010-62815977 (F.W.); +86-010-62810295 (S.L.)
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7
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Microbial cell surface engineering for high-level synthesis of bio-products. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 55:107912. [PMID: 35041862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial cell surface layers, which mainly include the cell membrane, cell wall, periplasmic space, outer membrane, capsules, S-layers, pili, and flagella, control material exchange between the cell and the extracellular environment, and have great impact on production titers and yields of various bio-products synthesized by microbes. Recent research work has made exciting achievements in metabolic engineering using microbial cell surface components as novel regulation targets without direct modifications of the metabolic pathways of the desired products. This review article will summarize the accomplishments obtained in this emerging field, and will describe various engineering strategies that have been adopted in bacteria and yeasts for the enhancement of mass transfer across the cell surface, improvement of protein expression and folding, modulation of cell size and shape, and re-direction of cellular resources, all of which contribute to the construction of more efficient microbial cell factories toward the synthesis of a variety of bio-products. The existing problems and possible future directions will also be discussed.
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Wu X, Han J, Gong G, Koffas MAG, Zha J. Wall teichoic acids: physiology and applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 45:6019871. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are charged glycopolymers containing phosphodiester-linked polyol units and represent one of the major components of Gram-positive cell envelope. WTAs have important physiological functions in cell division, gene transfer, surface adhesion, drug resistance and biofilm formation, and are critical virulence factors and vital determinants in mediating cell interaction with and tolerance to environmental factors. Here, we first briefly introduce WTA structure, biosynthesis and its regulation, and then summarize in detail four major physiological roles played by WTAs, i.e. WTA-mediated resistance to antimicrobials, virulence to mammalian cells, interaction with bacteriolytic enzymes and regulation of cell metabolism. We also review the applications of WTAs in these fields that are closely related to the human society, including antibacterial drug discovery targeting WTA biosynthesis, development of vaccines and antibodies regarding WTA-mediated pathogenicity, specific and sensitive detection of pathogens in food using WTAs as a surface epitope and regulation of WTA-related pathways for efficient microbial production of useful compounds. We also point out major problems remaining in these fields, and discuss some possible directions in the future exploration of WTA physiology and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Guoli Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
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Mo F, Cai D, He P, Yang F, Chen Y, Ma X, Chen S. Enhanced production of heterologous proteins via engineering the cell surface of Bacillus licheniformis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:1745-1755. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cell surface engineering was proven as the efficient strategy for enhanced production of target metabolites. In this study, we want to improve the yield of target protein by engineering cell surface in Bacillus licheniformis. First, our results confirmed that deletions of d-alanyl-lipoteichoic acid synthetase gene dltD, cardiolipin synthase gene clsA and CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase gene pssA were not conducive to cell growth, and the biomass of gene deletion strains were, respectively, decreased by 10.54 ± 1.43%, 14.17 ± 1.51%, and 17.55 ± 1.28%, while the concentrations of total extracellular proteins were improved, due to the increases of cell surface net negative charge and cell membrane permeability. In addition, the activities of target proteins, nattokinase, and α-amylase were also improved significantly in gene deletion strains. Furthermore, the triplicate gene (dltD, clsA, and pssA) deletion strain was constructed, which further led to the 45.71 ± 2.43% increase of cell surface net negative charge and 26.45 ± 2.31% increase of cell membrane permeability, and the activities of nattokinase and α-amylase reached 37.15 ± 0.89 FU/mL and 305.3 ± 8.4 U/mL, increased by 46.09 ± 3.51% and 96.34 ± 7.24%, respectively. Taken together, our results confirmed that cell surface engineering via deleting dltD, clsA, and pssA is an efficient strategy for enhanced production of target proteins, and this research provided a promising host strain of B. licheniformis for efficient protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mo
- grid.34418.3a 0000 0001 0727 9022 State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District 430062 Wuhan Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- grid.34418.3a 0000 0001 0727 9022 State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District 430062 Wuhan Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Penghui He
- grid.34418.3a 0000 0001 0727 9022 State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District 430062 Wuhan Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- grid.34418.3a 0000 0001 0727 9022 State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District 430062 Wuhan Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaozhong Chen
- grid.34418.3a 0000 0001 0727 9022 State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District 430062 Wuhan Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Ma
- grid.34418.3a 0000 0001 0727 9022 State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District 430062 Wuhan Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- grid.34418.3a 0000 0001 0727 9022 State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District 430062 Wuhan Hubei People’s Republic of China
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