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wibisono C, Wijayanti AD, Muzaki AY, Widiasih DA, Noviatri A. Validation of the method for determining lincomycin levels and calculating lincomycin levels in broiler chicken plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. Open Vet J 2024; 14:1453-1459. [PMID: 39055767 PMCID: PMC11268912 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i6.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic residues that come from food of animal origin, such as broiler chicken, have a variety of consequences on human health and increase the likelihood of antibiotic resistance. Lincomycin residue investigations in broiler chicken especially in plasma broiler chicken should be undertaken utilizing the validation method analysis. Aim The purpose of this study is to determine the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a validation method for calculating the residual concentration of lincomycin in broiler chicken blood plasma and compare it with the minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) and Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) standards for lincomycin. Methods Thirty-five-day-old broiler chickens cobb 700 were weighed and randomly allocated to and separated into control (placebo) and six treatment groups of varying doses and duration. The treatment group's suggested dosage of lincomycin was 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg/day given to 18-day-old chicken, along with drinking water for a week (A group) and 2 weeks (P group). Lincomycin levels in blood plasma were validated using HPLC. The residual lincomycin concentrations 24 hours and 1 week after injection were compared to the lincomycin MIC and the Indonesian National Standard of MRL. Result The validation of linscomycin reveals a linear value in blood plasma with an R2 of 0.9983. Precision and accuracy levels indicate promising results for detecting lincomycin. The retention duration for 100 µg/ml lincomycin was 10.0-10.5 minutes. Lincomycin had LOD and LOQ values of 13.98 and 4.86 µg/ml, respectively. After 1 week of dosing at 50 and 100 mg/kg dosages, lincomycin residue detection was 0.00, which was below the MRL criterion of <0.1 ppm. The study found that the residual concentration of 150 mg/kg dosages for a week and 100/150 mg/kg doses for 2 weeks above the lincomycin MIC limits against Mycoplasma synoviae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis. Conclusion Lincomycin detection by HPLC in chicken blood plasma showed promising results in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and sensitivity. Lincomycin administration for 1 week at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg resulted in the lowest residual concentration below the lincomycin MIC and MRL standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cahyo wibisono
- Veterinary Science Doctoral Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Dwi Wijayanti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alfian Yusak Muzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Ayu Widiasih
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aldila Noviatri
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Wijayanti AD, Muzaki AY, Wibisono C, Widiasih DA. Therapeutic effects of lincomycin and level of drug degradation in broiler tissues after treatment. Vet World 2024; 17:1026-1034. [PMID: 38911093 PMCID: PMC11188879 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1026-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Lincomycin is an antibiotic used in broiler farming and is commonly combined with other substances to achieve synergistic and complementary effects on the antibacterial spectrum and mechanism. We developed a specific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to measure lincomycin levels in broiler tissues. This study aimed to determine the lincomycin level in tissues and compare it with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum residue limit (MRL) of certain pathogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods Three groups of broiler chickens were involved in the study (n = 20 in each group): A control group without lincomycin treatment and two groups (each further divided into two sub-groups) that received oral lincomycin at a dose of 1 g/10 kg of body weight daily for 7 and 14 consecutive days. Tissue samples were collected from each group 1 day and 1 week after lincomycin administration (ALA). This study validated the development of a technique for analyzing drug level degradation in tissues using HPLC. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed for drug levels to assess their therapeutic value and safety based on lincomycin MIC of certain pathogenic bacteria and MRL. Results The method validation resulted in linear regression and coefficient of determination for tissues with r2 > 0.99, with a recovery rate of 90%-110%, precision as the coefficient of variation 15%, and specificity with no peak overlap for lincomycin. The limits of detection for the liver and kidney were 0.01 μg/g, 0.05 μg/g, and 0.1 μg/g for the breast muscle and all tissues. Administration of lincomycin for 7 and 14 days resulted in therapeutic value concentrations. Lincomycin levels in the liver and kidney of ALA exceeded the MRL, whereas breast muscles were below the MRL for a week of ALA treatment. Conclusion Administration of lincomycin for 7 and 14 consecutive days resulted in therapeutic value; however, after a week, most tissues showed high drug concentrations that exceeded the MRL. It is necessary to carefully consider the prolonged therapeutic dose of lincomycin in broilers. Antibiotic therapy must be guided in such a way as to protect the product from harmful residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Dwi Wijayanti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alfian Yusak Muzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Cahyo Wibisono
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Ayu Widiasih
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Lopes BAEAJ, Toledo LT, Caldeira JLA, Rodrigues FAF, de Barros M, de Souza LFL, Gonzaga NF, Dos Santos MH, Silva-Júnior A, Moreira MAS. Synergism between molecules derived from Garcinia brasiliensis and antimicrobial drugs on field isolates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1011-1015. [PMID: 38012513 PMCID: PMC10920607 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is one of the smallest free-living bacteria found in nature; it has an extremely small genome and lacks a cell wall. It is the main etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a chronic respiratory disease with worldwide distribution that causes significant losses in swine production. Due to the great economic impact caused by EP, new strategies for treating and controlling this agent are researched. The objective of this study was to verify the anti-M. hyopneumoniae activity of compounds derived from Garcinia brasiliensis and the synergism with the main antimicrobials used in the treatment of EP; this is the first study assessing the synergism between bioactive molecules and antimicrobial compounds in vitro against isolates of M. hyopneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antimicrobials tiamulin, valnemulin, and enrofloxacin, as well as the bioactive compounds guttiferone-A (Gut-A), 7-epiculsone (7-Epic), copper 7-epiculsone (7-Epic-Cu), and benzophenone, were determined. Subsequently, the interactions of antibiotics with the compounds were evaluated using the checkerboard method. Three field M. hyopneumoniae isolates were used, and the J strain was used as a control. The MIC values of the antimicrobials compared to the field isolates were equal to and lower than those of the reference strain J. Among the compounds used, 7-Epic-Cu showed the lowest MIC value. Synergistic association was observed for Gut-A with tiamulin and valnemulin, whereas 7-Epic and 7-Epic-Cu showed synergistic action with enrofloxacin. No synergistic effect was observed for benzophenone. Despite being an initial study, the results suggest that these combinations hold promise for the treatment of infections caused by M. hyopneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mariana de Barros
- Department de Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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Yao Z, Feng L, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Chen L, Wang L, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhou T, Cao J. Thymol Increases Sensitivity of Clinical Col-R Gram-Negative Bacteria to Colistin. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0018422. [PMID: 35700133 PMCID: PMC9431615 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00184-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin-resistant (Col-R) bacteria are increasing sharply, which poses a serious threat to public health. Thymol is a phenolic compound used for its wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity, while the combination of nontraditional drugs to restore colistin activity is an attractive strategy to treat infections caused by these pathogens. This study showed that thymol could play a synergistic role with colistin against Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), including nonfermenting bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. According to antimicrobial resistance profiles, most of the colistin-resistant strains we collected showed multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. The checkerboard method and time-kill curve confirmed the synergistic effect of thymol combined with colistin against Col-R GNB. The synergistic antibiofilm activity of thymol combined with colistin was assessed via crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assays. Results showed that compared with a single drug, the combination partially destroyed bacterial cells and inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms. Mechanismly, the thymol/colistin combination synergistically potentiated the antibacterial activity by accelerating the damage and permeability of the bacterial outer membrane. Preliminary data indicated that the thymol/colistin combination could decrease the number of bacteria ≥2 log10 CFU/mL after 24 h of therapy in a mouse thigh infection model. Our results fully prove that thymol and colistin combination possesses a promising treatment option against colistin-resistant GNB infections. IMPORTANCE Colistin is being considered "the last ditch" treatment in many infections caused by multidrug-resistant GNB clinical isolates, but colistin-resistant (Col-R) strains with different drug resistance mechanisms have appeared worldwide. Hence, it is of great significance to rejuvenate sensitization of clinical Col-R Gram-negative bacteria to colistin. In this study, the thymol/colistin combination showed notable antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that the thymol/colistin combination may have promise as a treatment approach for treating the infections caused by Col-R pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuocheng Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Luozhu Feng
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yining Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lijiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lingbo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianming Cao
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Silveira VAI, Nishio EK, Freitas CA, Amador IR, Kobayashi RK, Caretta T, Macedo F, Celligoi MAP. Production and antimicrobial activity of sophorolipid against Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter jejuni and their additive interaction with lactic acid. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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