1
|
Nikolova C, Morris G, Ellis D, Bowler B, Jones M, Mulloy B, Gutierrez T. Characterization of the surface-active exopolysaccharide produced by Halomonas sp TGOS-10: Understanding its role in the formation of marine oil snow. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299235. [PMID: 38805414 PMCID: PMC11132480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterize the exopolymer produced by Halomonas sp. strain TGOS-10 -one of the organisms found enriched in sea surface oil slicks during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The polymer was produced during the early stationary phase of growth in Zobell's 2216 marine medium amended with glucose. Chemical and proton NMR analysis showed it to be a relatively monodisperse, high-molecular-mass (6,440,000 g/mol) glycoprotein composed largely of protein (46.6% of total dry weight of polymer). The monosaccharide composition of the polymer is typical to that of other marine bacterial exopolymers which are generally rich in hexoses, with the notable exception that it contained mannose (commonly found in yeast) as a major monosaccharide. The polymer was found to act as an oil dispersant based on its ability to effectively emulsify pure and complex oils into stable oil emulsions-a function we suspect to be conferred by the high protein content and high ratio of total hydrophobic nonpolar to polar amino acids (52.7:11.2) of the polymer. The polymer's chemical composition, which is akin to that of other marine exopolymers also having a high protein-to-carbohydrate (P/C) content, and which have been shown to effect the rapid and non-ionic aggregation of marine gels, appears indicative of effecting marine oil snow (MOS) formation. We previously reported the strain capable of utilising aromatic hydrocarbons when supplied as single carbon sources. However, here we did not detect biodegradation of these chemicals within a complex (surrogate Macondo) oil, suggesting that the observed enrichment of this organism during the Deepwater Horizon spill may be explained by factors related to substrate availability and competition within the complex and dynamic microbial communities that were continuously evolving during that spill.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Nikolova
- Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Morris
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - David Ellis
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Bowler
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Jones
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zang W, Cao H, Ge J, Zhao D. Structures, physical properties and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exopolysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130083. [PMID: 38423905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exopolysaccharide (EPS) has good water absorption, high viscosity, good stability, so it was widely used in probiotics fields. In this study, EPS-producing LAB strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HDL-03 was isolated and identified. Moreover, the HDL-03 EPS was used as a stabilizer and mixed with AgNO3 to synthesize a novel nanoparticle AgNPs whose structure and properties were explored. The monosaccharide composition and molecular weight indicated that HDL-03 EPS was a heteropolysaccharide composed of mannose and glucose. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis and methylation results jointly proved it was a heteropolysaccharide containing 1,3-Manp and 1,6-Glcp. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that this EPS has an amorphous structure, while the synthesized AgNPs have crystalline properties. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicated EPS had a smooth and dense sheet structure, while the surface of AgNPs became rougher and large holes appeared after synthesis. Zeta particle size analysis suggested that the particle size of AgNPs increased by 36.63 nm compared to HDL-03 EPS. FT-IR analysis exhibited that the position of the characteristic peaks of AgNPs changed. The OH moving from a wavelength of 3388.49 cm-1 to a wavelength of 3316.79 cm-1 and telescopic vibration peak changed from 1356.07 cm-1 to 1344.22 cm-1. A plate inhibition test revealed the effect of different concentrations of EPS and AgNO3 synthesized AgNPs on the diameter of inhibition circle produced by the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, AgNPs were applied to the indicator bacteria, which the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), time-inhibitory curve, and changes in extracellular conductivity, nucleic acids, proteins, ATP, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined. The AgNPs inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus and exhibited outstanding antimicrobial properties. With the increase of treatment time, the degree of cell membrane damage increased, the permeability enhanced, and the intracellular substances leaked. These results indicate that HDL-03 EPS has good potential for applications in the production of food packaging, antimicrobials, catheters, textiles and coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Huiying Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Qinhuangdao 066102, China.
| | - Dan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Qinhuangdao 066102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv X, Liu X, Geng R, Hu X, Tang C, Xing Q, Guo J, Wang C. Effects of suspended particles and dispersants on marine oil snow formation of crude oil/diesel oil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:119847-119862. [PMID: 37930570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine oil snow (MOS) potentially forms after an oil spill. To fully understand the mechanism of its formation, we investigated the effects of suspended particles (SP) and dispersants on MOS formation of crude oil and diesel oil by laboratory experiments. In the crude oil experiment, the SP concentration of 0.2 g L-1 was more suitable for crude oil MOS formation. The addition of dispersants significantly stimulated N and TV during MS/MOS formation of SP at 0.4 g L-1 and 0.8 g L-1 concentration (p < 0.05). Without SP, the dispersants also stimulated crude oil MOS formation. Furthermore, the concentration of SP had a significantly positive effect on the reduction of the total amount of N-alkanes (p < 0.05). In the diesel oil experiment, after adding dispersants to diesel oil, the maximum N, Dm, and TV values at a SP concentration of 0.2 g L-1 were significantly higher than those at 0.4 g L-1 and 0.8 g L-1 (p < 0.05). Besides, we found that dispersants stimulated MOS formation in diesel oil at a SP concentration of 0.2 g L-1. However, the dispersants had an inhibitory effect on diesel oil MOS formation without SP. Notably, the MOS formed by diesel oil appeared white, unlike the black MOS associated with crude oil. These findings are important for the environmental impact of oil spills and elevated SP concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
- Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Ruiying Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Qianguo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dewangan NK, Tran N, Wang-Reed J, Conrad JC. Bacterial aggregation assisted by anionic surfactant and calcium ions. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8474-8482. [PMID: 34586147 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We identify factors leading to aggregation of bacteria in the presence of a surfactant using absorbance and microscopy. Two marine bacteria, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus SP17 and Halomonas titanicae Bead 10BA, formed aggregates of a broad size distribution in synthetic sea water in the presence of an anionic surfactant, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS). Both DOSS at high concentrations and calcium ions were necessary for aggregate formation, but DOSS micelles were not required for aggregation. Addition of proteinase K but not DNase1 eliminated aggregate formation over two hours. Finally, swimming motility also enhanced aggregate formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra K Dewangan
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Nhi Tran
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Jing Wang-Reed
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Jacinta C Conrad
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-4004, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thompson HF, Summers S, Yuecel R, Gutierrez T. Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria Found Tightly Associated with the 50-70 μm Cell-Size Population of Eukaryotic Phytoplankton in Surface Waters of a Northeast Atlantic Region. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121955. [PMID: 33317100 PMCID: PMC7763645 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of marine eukaryotic phytoplankton can harbour communities of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria; however, this algal–bacterial association has, hitherto, been only examined with non-axenic laboratory cultures of micro-algae. In this study, we isolated an operationally-defined community of phytoplankton, of cell size 50–70 μm, from a natural community in sea surface waters of a subarctic region in the northeast Atlantic. Using MiSeq 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified several recognized (Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Oleispira, Porticoccus, Thalassospira) and putative hydrocarbon degraders (Colwelliaceae, Vibrionaceae) tightly associated with the phytoplankton population. We combined fluorescence in situ hybridisation with flow-cytometry (FISH-Flow) to examine the association of Marinobacter with this natural eukaryotic phytoplankton population. About 1.5% of the phytoplankton population contained tightly associated Marinobacter. The remaining Marinobacter population were loosely associated with either eukaryotic phytoplankton cells or non-chlorophyll particulate material. This work is the first to show the presence of obligate, generalist and putative hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria associated with natural populations of eukaryotic phytoplankton directly from sea surface water samples. It also highlights the suitability of FISH-Flow for future studies to examine the spatial and temporal structure and dynamics of these and other algal–bacterial associations in natural seawater samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haydn Frank Thompson
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (H.F.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Stephen Summers
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (H.F.T.); (S.S.)
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Raif Yuecel
- Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences IMS, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
- Exeter Centre for Cytomics (EXCC), College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (H.F.T.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Biophysical methods to quantify bacterial behaviors at oil-water interfaces. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:725-738. [PMID: 32743734 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the need for improved understanding of physical processes involved in bacterial biodegradation of catastrophic oil spills, we review biophysical methods to probe bacterial motility and adhesion at oil-water interfaces. This review summarizes methods that probe bulk, average behaviors as well as local, microscopic behaviors, and highlights opportunities for future work to bridge the gap between biodegradation and biophysics.
Collapse
|