1
|
Ai G, Si J, Cheng Y, Meng R, Wu Z, Xu R, Wang X, Zhai Y, Peng H, Li Y, Dou D, Jing M. The oomycete-specific BAG subfamily maintains protein homeostasis and promotes pathogenicity in an atypical HSP70-independent manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113391. [PMID: 37930886 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is vital for organisms and requires chaperones like the conserved Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) co-chaperones that bind to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) through their C-terminal BAG domain (BD). Here, we show an unconventional BAG subfamily exclusively found in oomycetes. Oomycete BAGs feature an atypical N-terminal BD with a short and oomycete-specific α1 helix (α1'), plus a C-terminal small heat shock protein (sHSP) domain. In oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae, both BD-α1' and sHSP domains are required for P. sojae BAG (PsBAG) function in cyst germination, pathogenicity, and unfolded protein response assisting in 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins. PsBAGs form homo- and heterodimers through their unique BD-α1' to function properly, with no recruitment of HSP70s to form the common BAG-HSP70 complex found in other eukaryotes. Our study highlights an oomycete-exclusive protein homeostasis mechanism mediated by atypical BAGs, which provides a potential target for oomycete disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gan Ai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jierui Si
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zishan Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruofei Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ying Zhai
- USDA-ARS, Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Hao Peng
- USDA-ARS, Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Yurong Li
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Charpentier T, Viault G, Le Ray AM, Bataillé-Simoneau N, Helesbeux JJ, Blon N, Bastide F, Marchi M, Aligon S, Bruguière A, Dinh CP, Benbelkacem Z, Dallery JF, Simoneau P, Richomme P, Guillemette T. Natural Products Targeting the Fungal Unfolded Protein Response as an Alternative Crop Protection Strategy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13706-13716. [PMID: 37697453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Discovering new solutions for crop protection is a major challenge for the next decades as a result of the ecotoxicological impact of classical fungicides, the emergence of fungicide resistances, and the consequence of climate change on pathogen distribution. Previous work on fungal mutants deficient in the unfolded protein response (UPR) supported that targeting this pathway is a promising plant disease control strategy. In particular, we showed that the UPR is involved in fungal virulence by altering cell protection against host defense compounds, such as phytoalexins and phytoanticipins. In this study, we evaluated natural products targeting fungal IRE1 protein (UPR effector) and consequently increasing fungal susceptibility to plant defenses. Developing an in vitro cell-based screening assay allowed for the identification of seven potential IRE1 inhibitors with a focus on polyhydroxylated prenylated xanthones. Inhibition of hac1 mRNA splicing, which is mediated by IRE1, was then validated for the most active compound, namely, γ-mangostin 3. To study the mode of interaction between the binding site of IRE1 and active xanthones, molecular docking was also undertaken, revealing similar and novel interactions between the known inhibitor and the binding site. Eventually, active xanthones applied at subtoxic doses induced a significant reduction in necrosis size for leaves of Brassica oleracea inoculated with Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Charpentier
- Université Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Nadège Blon
- Université Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Franck Bastide
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Muriel Marchi
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sophie Aligon
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | | | - Chau Phi Dinh
- Université Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Jean-Felix Dallery
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Philippe Simoneau
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Pascal Richomme
- Université Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Thomas Guillemette
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Escobar-Niño A, Harzen A, Stolze SC, Nakagami H, Fernández-Acero FJ. The Adaptation of Botrytis cinerea Extracellular Vesicles Proteome to Surrounding Conditions: Revealing New Tools for Its Infection Process. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:872. [PMID: 37754980 PMCID: PMC10532283 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous particles released by different organisms. EVs carry several sets of macromolecules implicated in cell communication. EVs have become a relevant topic in the study of pathogenic fungi due to their relationship with fungal-host interactions. One of the essential research areas in this field is the characterization protein profile of EVs since plant fungal pathogens rely heavily on secreted proteins to invade their hosts. However, EVs of Botrytis cinerea are little known, which is one of the most devastating phytopathogenic fungi. The present study has two main objectives: the characterization of B. cinerea EVs proteome changes under two pathogenic conditions and the description of their potential role during the infective process. All the experimental procedure was conducted in B. cinerea growing in a minimal salt medium supplemented with glucose as a constitutive stage and deproteinized tomato cell walls (TCW) as a virulence inductor. The isolation of EVs was performed by differential centrifugation, filtration, ultrafiltration, and sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation. EVs fractions were visualised by TEM using negative staining. Proteomic analysis of EVs cargo was addressed by LC-MS/MS. The methodology used allowed the correct isolation of B. cinerea EVs and the identification of a high number of EV proteins, including potential EV markers. The isolated EVs displayed differences in morphology under both assayed conditions. GO analysis of EV proteins showed enrichment in cell wall metabolism and proteolysis under TCW. KEGG analysis also showed the difference in EVs function under both conditions, highlighting the presence of potential virulence/pathogenic factors implicated in cell wall metabolism, among others. This work describes the first evidence of EVs protein cargo adaptation in B. cinerea, which seems to play an essential role in its infection process, sharing crucial functions with the conventional secretion pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Escobar-Niño
- Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Viticulture and Agri-Food Research (IVAGRO), Faculty of Environmental and Marine Sciences, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain;
| | - Anne Harzen
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; (A.H.); (S.C.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Sara C. Stolze
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; (A.H.); (S.C.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; (A.H.); (S.C.S.); (H.N.)
- Basic Immune System of Plants, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Francisco J. Fernández-Acero
- Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Viticulture and Agri-Food Research (IVAGRO), Faculty of Environmental and Marine Sciences, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Divergent Roles of the Rice bcl-2 Associated Athanogene (BAG) Genes in Plant Development and Environmental Responses. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102169. [PMID: 34685978 PMCID: PMC8538510 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG), a group of proteins evolutionarily conserved and functioned as co-chaperones in plants and animals, is involved in various cell activities and diverse physiological processes. However, the biological functions of this gene family in rice are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a total of six BAG members in rice. These genes were classified into two groups, OsBAG1, -2, -3, and -4 are in group I with a conserved ubiquitin-like structure and OsBAG5 and -6 are in group Ⅱ with a calmodulin-binding domain, in addition to a common BAG domain. The BAG genes exhibited diverse expression patterns, with OsBAG4 showing the highest expression level, followed by OsBAG1 and OsBAG3, and OsBAG6 preferentially expressed in the panicle, endosperm, and calli. The co-expression analysis and the hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the OsBAG1 and OsBAG3 were co-expressed with primary cell wall-biosynthesizing genes, OsBAG4 was co-expressed with phytohormone and transcriptional factors, and OsBAG6 was co-expressed with disease and shock-associated genes. β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining further indicated that OsBAG3 is mainly involved in primary young tissues under both primary and secondary growth. In addition, the expression of the BAG genes under brown planthopper (BPH) feeding, N, P, and K deficiency, heat, drought and plant hormones treatments was investigated. Our results clearly showed that OsBAGs are multifunctional molecules as inferred by their protein structures, subcellular localizations, and expression profiles. BAGs in group I are mainly involved in plant development, whereas BAGs in group II are reactive in gene regulations and stress responses. Our results provide a solid basis for the further elucidation of the biological functions of plant BAG genes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Escobar-Niño A, Morano Bermejo IM, Carrasco Reinado R, Fernandez-Acero FJ. Deciphering the Dynamics of Signaling Cascades and Virulence Factors of B. cinerea during Tomato Cell Wall Degradation. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091837. [PMID: 34576732 PMCID: PMC8466851 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ascomycete Botrytis cinerea is one of the most relevant plant pathogenic fungi, affecting fruits, flowers, and greenhouse-grown crops. The infection strategy used by the fungus comprises a magnificent set of tools to penetrate and overcome plant defenses. In this context, the plant-pathogen communication through membrane receptors and signal transduction cascades is essential to trigger specific routes and the final success of the infection. In previous reports, proteomics approaches to B. cinerea signal transduction cascades changes in response to different carbon source and plant-based elicitors have been performed. Analyzing the secretome, membranome, phosphoproteome, and the phosphomembranome. Moreover, phenotypic changes in fungal biology was analyzed, specifically toxin production. To obtain the whole picture of the process and reveal the network from a system biology approach, this proteomic information has been merged with the phenotypic characterization, to be analyzed using several bioinformatics algorithms (GO, STRING, MCODE) in order to unravel key points in the signal transduction regulation crucial to overcome plant defenses, as well as new virulence/pathogenicity factors that could be used as therapeutic targets in the control of the gray mold rot disease. A total of 1721 and 663 exclusive or overexpressed proteins were identified under glucose (GLU) and deproteinized tomato cell walls (TCW), summarizing all of the protein identifications under phenotypic characterized stages. Under GO analysis, there are more biological process and molecular functions described in GLU, highlighting the increase in signaling related categories. These results agree with the high number of total identified proteins in GLU, probably indicating a more varied and active metabolism of the fungus. When analyzing only GO annotations related with signal transduction, it was revealed that there were proteins related to TOR signaling, the phosphorelay signal transduction system, and inositol lipid-mediated signaling, only under GLU conditions. On the contrary, calcium-mediated signaling GO annotation is only present between the proteins identified under TCW conditions. To establish a potential relationship between expressed proteins, cluster analyses showed 41 and 14 clusters under GLU and TCW conditions, confirming an increase in biological activity in GLU, where we identified a larger number of clusters related to transcription, translation, and cell division, between others. From these analyses, clusters related to signal transduction and clusters related to mycotoxin production were found, which correlated with the phenotypic characterization. The identification of the proteins encompassed in each condition and signal transduction cascade would provide the research community with new information about the B. cinerea infection process and potential candidates of pathogenicity/virulence factors, overcoming plant defenses, and new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng Y, Li SJ, Yan J, Tang Y, Cheng JP, Gao AJ, Yao X, Ruan JJ, Xu BL. Research Progress on Phytopathogenic Fungi and Their Role as Biocontrol Agents. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670135. [PMID: 34122383 PMCID: PMC8192705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi decrease crop yield and quality and cause huge losses in agricultural production. To prevent the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests, farmers have to use many synthetic chemical pesticides. The extensive use of these pesticides has resulted in a series of environmental and ecological problems, such as the increase in resistant weed populations, soil compaction, and water pollution, which seriously affect the sustainable development of agriculture. This review discusses the main advances in research on plant-pathogenic fungi in terms of their pathogenic factors such as cell wall-degrading enzymes, toxins, growth regulators, effector proteins, and fungal viruses, as well as their application as biocontrol agents for plant pests, diseases, and weeds. Finally, further studies on plant-pathogenic fungal resources with better biocontrol effects can help find new beneficial microbial resources that can control diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi J Li
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Schools of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian P Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - An J Gao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Yao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing J Ruan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing L Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Destructive Fungal Pathogen Botrytis cinerea-Insights from Genes Studied with Mutant Analysis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110923. [PMID: 33171745 PMCID: PMC7695001 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens affecting numerous plant hosts, including many important crop species. As a molecularly under-studied organism, its genome was only sequenced at the beginning of this century and it was recently updated with improved gene annotation and completeness. In this review, we summarize key molecular studies on B. cinerea developmental and pathogenesis processes, specifically on genes studied comprehensively with mutant analysis. Analyses of these studies have unveiled key genes in the biological processes of this pathogen, including hyphal growth, sclerotial formation, conidiation, pathogenicity and melanization. In addition, our synthesis has uncovered gaps in the present knowledge regarding development and virulence mechanisms. We hope this review will serve to enhance the knowledge of the biological mechanisms behind this notorious fungal pathogen.
Collapse
|