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Tan Y, Zhao K, Yang S, Chen S, Li C, Han X, Li J, Hu K, Liu S, Ma M, Yu X, Zou L. Insights into antibiotic and heavy metal resistance interactions in Escherichia coli isolated from livestock manure and fertilized soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119935. [PMID: 38154221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from livestock feces are ecological and public health problems. However, the distribution and relationships of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), and virulence factors (VFs) and their transmission mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the resistance of Escherichia coli, the prevalence of its ARGs, HMRGs, and VFs, and their transmission mechanisms in livestock fresh feces (FF), composted feces (CF), and fertilized soil (FS). In total, 99.54% (n = 221) and 91.44% (n = 203) of E. coli were resistant to at least one antibiotic and one heavy metal, respectively. Additionally, 72.52% (n = 161) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), of which Cu-resistant E. coli accounted for 72.67% (117/161). More than 99.34% (88/89) of E. coli carried multidrug ARGs, VFs, and the Cu resistance genes cueO and cusABCRFS. The Cu resistance genes cueO and cusABCRFS were mainly located on chromosomes, and cueO and cusF were positively associated with HMRGs, ARGs, and VFs. The Cu resistance genes pcoABCDRS were located on the plasmid pLKYL-P02 flanked by ARGs in PF18C from FF group and on chromosomes flanked by HMRGs in SAXZ1-1 from FS group. These results improved our understanding of bacterial multidrug and heavy metal resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Tan
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Shengzhi Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Shujuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Sichuan Province Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Kaidi Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Menggen Ma
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Oliveira A, Dias C, Oliveira R, Almeida C, Fuciños P, Sillankorva S, Oliveira H. Paving the way forward: Escherichia coli bacteriophages in a One Health approach. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:87-104. [PMID: 36608263 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2161869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most notorious pathogens for its ability to adapt, colonize, and proliferate in different habitats through a multitude of acquired virulence factors. Its presence affects the food-processing industry and causes food poisoning, being also a major economic burden for the food, agriculture, and health sectors. Bacteriophages are emerging as an appealing strategy to mitigate bacterial pathogens, including specific E. coli pathovars, without exerting a deleterious effect on humans and animals. This review globally analyzes the applied research on E. coli phages for veterinary, food, and human use. It starts by describing the pathogenic E. coli pathotypes and their relevance in human and animal context. The idea that phages can be used as a One Health approach to control and interrupt the transmission routes of pathogenic E. coli is sustained through an exhaustive revision of the recent literature. The emerging phage formulations, genetic engineering and encapsulation technologies are also discussed as a means of improving phage-based control strategies, with a particular focus on E. coli pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla Dias
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pablo Fuciños
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Jung HR, Lee YJ, Hong S, Yoon S, Lim SK, Lee YJ. Current status of β-lactam antibiotic use and characterization of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli from commercial farms by integrated broiler chicken operations in Korea. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103091. [PMID: 37839166 PMCID: PMC10587523 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics are one of the most clinical importance in human and veterinary medicine because they are used for both preventive and therapeutic purposes against several gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic organisms. In this study, it was confirmed that β-lactams (81.1%) were found to be significantly prescribed the most among 74 farms in 5 integrated broiler operations, and single prescription (84.6%), 2-day (41.5%) or 3-day (40.0%) administration, and 15 to 22 d of age (67.7%) administration was significantly higher in the farms (P < 0.05). Among the E. coli isolated from 74 farms in 5 integrated broiler operations, β-lactam-resistant E. coli isolates were detected more frequently in fecal sample (94.6%) than in dust sample (60.8%) (P < 0.05). The prevalence of MDR in β-lactam-resistant isolates, ranging from 88.1 to 96.5%, was significantly higher than that in non-β-lactam-resistant isolates (P < 0.05), without significant differences among operations. Of 466 β-lactam-resistant isolates, 432 (92.7%) isolates harbored β-lactamase genes. The non-extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene blaTEM-1 (81.8%) showed the highest prevalence among isolates, followed by the non-ESBL gene blaTEM-135 (6.4%) (P < 0.05). Five ESBL genes, SHV-12, OXA-1, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-55, and CTX-M-65, were found in 0.9 to 6.0% of the isolates. The pAmpC gene blaCMY-2 was detected in 17 isolates (3.6%). These results suggest that feces and dust are important reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, highlighting the need to strengthen farm management regulations, such as cleaning, disinfection, and litter disposal and to reduce the use of antibiotics in broiler operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ri Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Serim Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Yoon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Jung HR, Lim SK, Lee YJ. Comprehensive analysis of biosecurity practices and antimicrobial use in broiler chicken production by integrated operations in Korea. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102994. [PMID: 37634331 PMCID: PMC10474487 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated broiler operations that allow producers to combine various biosecurity and sanitation practices account for approximately 97.6% of chicken meat production in Korea, but it is not well known about the biosecurity level or compliance with regulations for each operation. Therefore, the objective this study was to analyze the current adoption of biosecurity practices and trends in antimicrobial use in 74 farms from 5 major integrated broiler chicken operations (A-E). The highest stock densities of more than 65 birds per 3.3 m2 (0.5 birds/ft2) showed in 66.7 and 33.3% of the farms in operations A and C, respectively. Also, the livability rate of 98% or less was observed in 73.3 and 93.4% of the farms, in operation A and C, respectively, which lower than other operations. Moreover, it was observed that 60.0 and 40.0% of farms in operations B and C reused litter 3 or more times. Among the 74 farms, the most common antimicrobials prescription frequency was 2 times (39.2%), and the prescription to β-lactams antibiotics (45.3%) showed the significantly highest (P < 0.05). The highest administration of antimicrobials was at 15 to 22-days old (42.7%), and most of them were recommended by veterinarian (80.7%). Footbath disinfectant and spraying outside the poultry house were performed in most of the farms (64.9 and 83.8%, respectively), but the use of quicklime (36.5%) and drinking water disinfectant (18.9%) was low in farms. Most of the farms washed vehicles for transportation of poultry (87.8%) and feed (100%) before arriving at the farms, however, 40.5% of the farms used little or no disinfectants when washing the transport vehicles. Moreover, wild birds, and cats and dogs were well controlled on most of the farms (each 94.6%), but only 74.3% of farms offered rodent control programs. Also, only 27.0% of the farms used farm-specific shoes and clothing as well as footbath disinfection for entrance. These findings can be useful in developing policies and guidelines for sustainable and responsible broiler chicken production and reduction of antimicrobial use in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ri Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Pinto Jimenez CE, Keestra S, Tandon P, Cumming O, Pickering AJ, Moodley A, Chandler CIR. Biosecurity and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions in animal agricultural settings for reducing infection burden, antibiotic use, and antibiotic resistance: a One Health systematic review. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e418-e434. [PMID: 37164518 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and control of infections across the One Health spectrum is essential for improving antibiotic use and addressing the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. Evidence for how best to manage these risks in agricultural communities-45% of households globally-has not been systematically assembled. This systematic review identifies and summarises evidence from on-farm biosecurity and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions with the potential to directly or indirectly reduce infections and antibiotic resistance in animal agricultural settings. We searched 17 scientific databases (including Web of Science, PubMed, and regional databases) and grey literature from database inception to Dec 31, 2019 for articles that assessed biosecurity or WASH interventions measuring our outcomes of interest; namely, infection burden, microbial loads, antibiotic use, and antibiotic resistance in animals, humans, or the environment. Risk of bias was assessed with the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation tool, Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions, and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies, although no studies were excluded as a result. Due to the heterogeneity of interventions found, we conducted a narrative synthesis. The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020162345). Of the 20 672 publications screened, 104 were included in this systematic review. 64 studies were conducted in high-income countries, 24 studies in upper-middle-income countries, 13 studies in lower-middle-income countries, two in low-income countries, and one included both upper-middle-income countries and lower-middle-income countries. 48 interventions focused on livestock (mainly pigs), 43 poultry (mainly chickens), one on livestock and poultry, and 12 on aquaculture farms. 68 of 104 interventions took place on intensive farms, 22 in experimental settings, and ten in smallholder or subsistence farms. Positive outcomes were reported for ten of 23 water studies, 17 of 35 hygiene studies, 15 of 24 sanitation studies, all three air-quality studies, and 11 of 17 other biosecurity-related interventions. In total, 18 of 26 studies reported reduced infection or diseases, 37 of 71 studies reported reduced microbial loads, four of five studies reported reduced antibiotic use, and seven of 20 studies reported reduced antibiotic resistance. Overall, risk of bias was high in 28 of 57 studies with positive interventions and 17 of 30 studies with negative or neutral interventions. Farm-management interventions successfully reduced antibiotic use by up to 57%. Manure-oriented interventions reduced antibiotic resistance genes or antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animal waste by up to 99%. This systematic review highlights the challenges of preventing and controlling infections and antimicrobial resistance, even in well resourced agricultural settings. Most of the evidence emerges from studies that focus on the farm itself, rather than targeting agricultural communities or the broader social, economic, and policy environment that could affect their outcomes. WASH and biosecurity interventions could complement each other when addressing antimicrobial resistance in the human, animal, and environmental interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris E Pinto Jimenez
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Antimicrobial Resistance Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Agriculture and Infectious Disease Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Sarai Keestra
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Agriculture and Infectious Disease Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pranav Tandon
- Global Health Office, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver Cumming
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Amy J Pickering
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Clare I R Chandler
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Antimicrobial Resistance Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Bhargavi D, Sahu R, Nishanth MAD, Doijad SP, Niveditha P, Kumar ORV, Sunanda C, Girish PS, Naveena BM, Vergis J, Malik SVS, Kurkure NV, Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB. Genetic diversity and risk factor analysis of drug-resistant Escherichia coli recovered from broiler chicken farms. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 93:101929. [PMID: 36580799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A total of 38 Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from 120 samples collected from various sources of broiler chicken farms (n = 10 each) in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states. Though the recovered E. coli isolates were found variably resistant to the tested antibiotics, all the tested isolates were susceptible to meropenem. Alarming multi-drug resistance (MDR) was observed (34/38) among the recovered isolates, wherein antibiotic-resistant genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and tetA) were detected, except for blaCTX-M-9. The heatmap with cluster analysis exhibited that majority of the E. coli isolates recovered from different sources and regions clustered together based on their phenotypic resistance suggesting co-sharing of resistance. However, the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing revealed an extremely diverse genotypic profile. Further, a significant statistical association was not observed between hypothesized risk factors and recovered MDR- E. coli isolates from various sources, although a significant statistical association between antibiotic resistance with large flock size, poor biosecurity practices, poor workers' hygiene, and poor disinfection practices was noticed. Since the study highlighted an alarming level of drug resistance among the recovered E. coli isolates, further in-depth research in similar veins is required to ensure the prudent use of antimicrobials in the poultry sector and the implementation of an antimicrobial surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadimi Bhargavi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Radhakrishna Sahu
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Maria Anto Dani Nishanth
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Obli Rajendran Vinodh Kumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - C Sunanda
- Statistical Consultant, Indira Nagar, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - P S Girish
- ICAR, National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad 500 092, Telangana, India
| | - B M Naveena
- ICAR, National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad 500 092, Telangana, India
| | - Jess Vergis
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 673 576, Kerala, India
| | - Satya Veer Singh Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Deepak Bhiwa Rawool
- ICAR, National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad 500 092, Telangana, India.
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Su Y, Xin L, Zhang F, Peng C, Li Z, Liu C, Wang F. Drug resistance analysis of three types of avian-origin carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Shandong Province, China. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102483. [PMID: 36682131 PMCID: PMC9876955 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal-derived Enterobacteriaceae bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) are important food-borne zoonotic bacilli that exist widely in the broiler-breeding industry. Although carbapenem antibiotics are considered to be the last line of defense against multidrug-resistant bacteria, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) break through them. In our study, we therefore, examined the prevalence of CRE and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in 6 conventional broiler-fattening farms in Shandong Province, China. Our study revealed isolation rates of 3.57% (6/168) for carbapenem-resistant E. coli, 10% (5/50) for carbapenem-resistant P. mirabilis, and 3.03% (1/33) for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. All 12 CRE bacterial strains showed varying degrees of resistance to 27 antibiotics in 8 classes and were multidrug-resistant. The rate of the strains containing blaNDM genes, at 91.67% (11/12), was especially high. Among other results, the carrying rate of integrons in CRE bacteria was 91.67% (11/12), and 2 strains carried both class I and class II integrons, which accelerated the lateral transmission of resistant bacteria. Our first-ever finding of the 3 CRE bacteria E. coli, P. mirabilis, and K. pneumoniae on the same broiler farm suggests that poultry-derived CRE strains may pose a risk to humans. Moreover, our findings from surveillance can inform current understandings of the prevalence and characteristics of multidrug-resistant CRE in Shandong Province and, in turn, help to curb threats to food safety and public health and better prevent and control infectious zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Su
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Tai'an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian City, 271000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The Affiliated Tai'an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian City, 271000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chong Peng
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, 271018, Shandong, PR China.
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Proposal of a Method for Harmonized Broth Microdilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Avibacterium gallinarum. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0041922. [PMID: 35852371 PMCID: PMC9383258 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00419-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Avibacterium (Av.) gallinarum is an opportunistic pathogen in poultry, which, however, has also been associated with human disease. There is currently no approved method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of this pathogen, so this study aimed at developing a harmonized broth microdilution method for Av. gallinarum that is suitable for diagnostic laboratories. For this, the Av. gallinarum CCUG 12391T type strain and 42 field isolates were collected and their species was confirmed by using a species-specific PCR assay and biochemical reactions. To select epidemiologically unrelated isolates, ApaI macrorestriction analysis was performed. Preliminary growth experiments were conducted with six culture media, and based on the results, four media were selected to compile growth curves with four isolates. Independent repetitions of MIC determinations were then performed to evaluate the reproducibility of the values. Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) was initially selected as broth medium, but did not show sufficient homogeneity of MICs. Therefore, CAMHB plus 1% chicken serum and 0.0025% NADH was selected and showed a good homogeneity of MICs after 20 h and 24 h of incubation at 35 ± 2°C. This was reflected in essential MIC agreements ranging between 96% and 100%. Testing of a larger Av. gallinarum collection (n = 43) revealed that easily readable MICs could be obtained for the type strain and all isolates. Some Av. gallinarum showed elevated MICs of enrofloxacin (n = 35), nalidixic acid (n = 35), penicillin (n = 2), tetracycline (n = 19), and/or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 1). By using PCR analyses, the following antimicrobial resistance genes were detected: blaTEM, dfrA14, sul2, tet(B), tet(H). The study demonstrated that the proposed medium is suitable for a harmonized broth microdilution susceptibility testing of Av. gallinarum with a recommended incubation time of 20 to 24 h.
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Sivaranjani M, McCarthy MC, Sniatynski MK, Wu L, Dillon JAR, Rubin JE, White AP. Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of E. coli Associated With Colibacillosis Outbreaks in Broiler Chickens From Saskatchewan. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841516. [PMID: 35783405 PMCID: PMC9247541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global poultry industry has grown to the extent that the number of chickens now well exceeds the number of humans on Earth. Escherichia coli infections in poultry cause significant morbidity and economic losses for producers each year. We obtained 94 E. coli isolates from 12 colibacillosis outbreaks on Saskatchewan farms and screened them for antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Fifty-six isolates were from broilers with confirmed colibacillosis, and 38 isolates were from healthy broilers in the same flocks (cecal E. coli). Resistance to penicillins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides was common in isolates from all 12 outbreaks, while cephalosporin resistance varied by outbreak. Most E. coli were able to form biofilms in at least one of three growth media (1/2 TSB, M63, and BHI broth). There was an overall trend that disease-causing E. coli had more antibiotic resistance and were more likely to form biofilms in nutrient-rich media (BHI) as compared to cecal strains. However, on an individual strain basis, there was no correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. The 21 strongest biofilm forming strains consisted of both disease-causing and cecal isolates that were either drug resistant or susceptible. Draft whole genome sequencing indicated that many known antimicrobial resistance genes were present on plasmids, with disease-causing E. coli having more plasmids on average than their cecal counterparts. We tested four common disinfectants for their ability to kill 12 of the best biofilm forming strains. All disinfectants killed single cells effectively, but biofilm cells were more resistant, although the difference was less pronounced for the disinfectants that have multiple modes of action. Our results indicate that there is significant diversity and complexity in E. coli poultry isolates, with different lifestyle pressures affecting disease-causing and cecal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sivaranjani
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Madeline C. McCarthy
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michelle K. Sniatynski
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Linzhi Wu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne R. Dillon
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Joseph E. Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Aaron P. White
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Aaron P. White,
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10
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Structuring Broiler Barns: How a Perforated Flooring System Affects Animal Behavior. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060735. [PMID: 35327132 PMCID: PMC8944615 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Broiler chickens in Europe are usually raised in a barren environment. Elevated perforated platforms address this problem and can positively influence animal health and welfare. To evaluate the effect of an elevated perforated floor on the behavior of broiler chickens, one of two barns was equipped with a perforated flooring system under the food and water supply. The second barn was used as a control. In total, three fattening periods were observed, with 500 broiler chickens (Ross 308 breed) kept in each barn. To compare the behavior of the birds in these groups, cameras were installed in the two barns. The videos were analyzed by counting the number of birds and observing focal animals while recording their behavior. More animals were observed on the perforated floor than in the littered control area (p < 0.001), but focal animals spent less time on the perforated floor compared to the observed littered area in the control barn (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the length of the recorded behaviors between the treatments. These findings suggest that, in general, the elevated perforated floor is attractive for the animals. However, it does not promote one of the recorded behavior patterns. Our results show that an elevated perforated floor could be an option for structuring broiler barns.
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11
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Prendergast DM, O'Doherty Á, Burgess CM, Howe N, McMahon F, Murphy D, Leonard F, Morris D, Harrington C, Carty A, Moriarty J, Gutierrez M. Critically important antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Irish farm effluent and their removal in integrated constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151269. [PMID: 34710415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICWs) to remove critically important antimicrobial resistant organisms (AROs) from farm wastewater. Influent samples from the untreated farm waste and effluent samples taken at the end of the ICW system were collected monthly from four ICWs, serving four different farm types (suckler, dairy, dairy & poultry and pig). Using selective media to screen for the presence of carbapenemase resistant organisms, plasmid mediated and AmpC β-Lactamase producing organisms (ESBL/pAmpC) and fluoroquinolone resistant organisms, a total of 82 AROs were obtained with the majority being E. coli (n = 79). Statistically significant were the differences on the number of AROs isolated from influent (higher) compared to effluent, as well as a seasonal effect, with less AROs recovered during winter in comparison to other seasons (P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant differences in the recovery of AROs on different farms. The majority of isolates from each of the farms (99%) were multi drug resistant, with 65% resistant to seven or more antimicrobials. A high incidence of tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin resistance was common to the isolates from all four farms but there were differences in ESBL levels with 63% of the isolates recovered from Farm 4 (piggery) being ESBLs compared to 18%, 36% and 4.5% recovered from Farms 1 (suckler), 2 (dairy) and 3 (dairy & poultry), respectively. No carbapenemase producing organisms were isolated. Our results showed that ICWs are effective in removing critically important AROs from farm wastewater on all four farm types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M Prendergast
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Áine O'Doherty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Nicole Howe
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Frederick McMahon
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Finola Leonard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Aila Carty
- VESI Environmental Ltd., Little Island, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Moriarty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Montserrat Gutierrez
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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12
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Sobierajski T, Mazińska B, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Śmiałek M, Hryniewicz W. Antimicrobial and Antibiotic Resistance from the Perspective of Polish Veterinary Students: An Inter-University Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010115. [PMID: 35052992 PMCID: PMC8772817 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance is a global problem that affects the use of antibiotics by humans and animal husbandry. One of the primary reasons for the growing phenomenon of antibiotic resistance is the over-prescription of antibiotics by doctors in human medicine and the overuse of antibiotics in industrial animal farming. Adequate education of veterinary medical students on the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry may reduce antibiotic resistance. For this reason, a survey was conducted among students at four primary research and didactic centers teaching veterinary medicine in Poland. The survey aimed to find out the knowledge and attitude of students towards the use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. The survey was conducted in May/June 2021. Four hundred and sixty-seven students participated in the study. The study positively verified that antibiotics and antibiotic resistance knowledge increase with successive years of veterinary studies/education. For most students (82.2%), antibiotic resistance is a significant problem, but only 58.7% believe it is global, and one in three respondents heard about the One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sobierajski
- Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Resocialization, Warsaw University, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Beata Mazińska
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (B.M.); (W.H.)
| | - Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Marcin Śmiałek
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Waleria Hryniewicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (B.M.); (W.H.)
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13
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Black Z, Balta I, Black L, Naughton PJ, Dooley JSG, Corcionivoschi N. The Fate of Foodborne Pathogens in Manure Treated Soil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:781357. [PMID: 34956145 PMCID: PMC8702830 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to provide an update on the complex relationship between manure application, altered pathogen levels and antibiotic resistance. This is necessary to protect health and improve the sustainability of this major farming practice in agricultural systems based on high levels of manure production. It is important to consider soil health in relation to environment and land management practices in the context of the soil microflora and the introduction of pathogens on the health of the soil microbiome. Viable pathogens in manure spread on agricultural land may be distributed by leaching, surface run-off, water source contamination and contaminated crop removal. Thus it is important to understand how multiple pathogens can persist in manures and on soil at farm-scale and how crops produced under these conditions could be a potential transfer route for zoonotic pathogens. The management of pathogen load within livestock manure is a potential mechanism for the reduction and prevention of outbreaks infection with Escherichia coli, Listeria Salmonella, and Campylobacter. The ability of Campylobacter, E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella to combat environmental stress coupled with their survival on food crops and vegetables post-harvest emphasizes the need for further study of these pathogens along with the emerging pathogen Providencia given its link to disease in the immunocompromised and its’ high levels of antibiotic resistance. The management of pathogen load within livestock manure has been widely recognized as a potential mechanism for the reduction and prevention of outbreaks infection but any studies undertaken should be considered as region specific due to the variable nature of the factors influencing pathogen content and survival in manures and soil. Mediocre soils that require nutrients could be one template for research on manure inputs and their influence on soil health and on pathogen survival on grassland and in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Black
- Grassland and Plant Sciences Branch, AFBI Crossnacreevy, Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Igori Balta
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lisa Black
- Grassland and Plant Sciences Branch, AFBI Crossnacreevy, Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Naughton
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - James S G Dooley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
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14
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Guo K, Zhao Y, Cui L, Cao Z, Zhang F, Wang X, Peng Z, Feng J, Hu T, Dai M. Longitudinal Surveillance and Risk Assessment of Resistance in Escherichia coli to Enrofloxacin from A Large-Scale Chicken Farm in Hebei, China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101222. [PMID: 34680803 PMCID: PMC8532996 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of resistance phenotype and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQRs) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) during enrofloxacin (ENR) administration in different breeding cycles. In 2020, 983 strains of E. coli were isolated from different samples in different cycles at the broiler farm with the largest single batch of slaughter capacity in Hebei Province, China. All samples were from chicken, environmental, and human sources. The sensitivity of the isolates to various antibiotics was determined by broth microdilution method. The findings of this study include: (1) the total isolation rate of E. coli in the four cycles was 63.83% (983/1540); (2) the average resistance rate of E. coli from 1-day-old chickens to enrofloxacin was as high as 75% in each cycle, and with the use of enrofloxacin, the resistance rate of E. coli from chickens gradually increased to 100%; (3) 107 strains of E. coli randomly selected from different cycles and sources demonstrated the multi-drug resistance phenotypes. The highest resistance rate was doxycycline (100%), and the lowest was erythromycin (54.21%); (4) the detection rate of PMQRs of E. coli from chickens in different cycles were always higher than that from environmental and human. In particular, the PMQRs pollution rate of chicken seedlings in each cycle were generally higher than that of other sources; (5) We used SPSS software to analyze the Kendall rank correlation of the experimental data. The resistance of E. coli isolated from this farm to ciprofloxacin (CIP) may increase along with the increase of resistance to enrofloxacin (Kendall's tau-b = 0.190, p = 0.021). All these data highlight the serious problem of bacterial resistance in this farm. Therefore, it is urgent to provide guidance for the prevention and control of colibacillosis and drug resistance in this farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Guo
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.P.); (J.F.); (T.H.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.P.); (J.F.); (T.H.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Luqing Cui
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.P.); (J.F.); (T.H.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhengzheng Cao
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.P.); (J.F.); (T.H.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.P.); (J.F.); (T.H.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.P.); (J.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Zhong Peng
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.P.); (J.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Jiawei Feng
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.P.); (J.F.); (T.H.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.P.); (J.F.); (T.H.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.P.); (J.F.); (T.H.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13986207958
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15
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Ahmed MFE, Abd El-Wahab A, Kriewitz JP, Hankel J, Chuppava B, Ratert C, Taube V, Visscher C, Kamphues J. Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:874. [PMID: 33919578 PMCID: PMC8073070 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influences of different flooring designs and feed particle sizes on the spread of Salmonella (S.) in broiler chickens. Birds (n = 480) were allocated to four different housing systems (fully littered with and without floor heating, partially and fully slatted flooring with sand bath) and two dietary treatments (finely and coarsely ground diets) in 24 boxes. Two broilers per box were experimentally infected with S. Enteritidis (8.00 log10 CFU/bird) at d 17. Salmonella prevalence in caecal contents and the liver was highest in broilers housed on fully slatted floor until d 36/37 (88.1% and 91.5%, respectively), and lowest in litter flooring (caecal content 64.4%) and litter flooring with floor heating (liver 61.7%). In turn, broilers on littered flooring expressed the lowest Salmonella counts in caecal content at d 36/37 (2.21 ± 1.75 log10 CFU/g), partial slatted flooring the highest (3.76 ± 1.46 log10 CFU/g). The mean Salmonella count in the caecal content was significantly lower for birds fed a coarsely ground diet (0.96 and 1.94 log10 CFU/g) than a finely ground diet (5.07 and 3.34 log10 CFU/g) at d 23 and d 36/37, respectively (p < 0.0001). Slatted flooring with a sand bath did not show advantages in terms of Salmonella reduction, whereas the coarsely ground diet markedly reduced the spread of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa F. E. Ahmed
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan-Philip Kriewitz
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Julia Hankel
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Christine Ratert
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Venja Taube
- BEST 3 Geflügelernährung GmbH, D-27239 Twistringen, Germany;
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Josef Kamphues
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
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16
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Montoro-Dasi L, Villagra A, Sevilla-Navarro S, Pérez-Gracia MT, Vega S, Marin C. Commensal Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Resistance and Multidrug-Resistance Dynamics during Broiler Growing Period: Commercial vs. Improved Farm Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041005. [PMID: 33916657 PMCID: PMC8066766 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This experiment was designed to evaluate the differences in antimicrobial and multidrug resistance dynamics in broilers reared under two different farm conditions (commercial vs. improved) during the growing period, using Escherichia coli as sentinel bacterium. Although no antibiotics were applied during rearing for two different management conditions tested, high rates of antimicrobial and multidrug-resistant bacteria were observed throughout rearing, with the percentages of resistant bacteria observed being of particular concern in day-old chicks on arrival day and in chickens at the end of the growing period, just before delivery to the slaughterhouse. Abstract New measures applied to reduce antimicrobial resistances (AMR) at field level in broiler production are focused on improving animals’ welfare and resilience. However, it is necessary to have better knowledge of AMR epidemiology. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) dynamics during the rearing of broilers under commercial (33 kg/m2 density and max. 20 ppm ammonia) and improved (17 kg/m2 density and max. 10 ppm ammonia) farm conditions. Day-old chicks were housed in two poultry houses (commercial vs. improved), and no antimicrobial agents were administered at any point. Animals were sampled at arrival day, mid-period and at slaughter day. High AMR rates were observed throughout rearing. No statistical differences were observed between groups. Moreover, both groups presented high MDR at slaughter day. These results could be explained by vertical or horizontal resistance acquisition. In conclusion, AMR and MDR are present throughout rearing. Moreover, although a lower level of MDR was observed at mid-period in animals reared under less intensive conditions, no differences were found at the end. In order to reduce the presence of AMR bacteria in poultry, further studies are needed to better understand AMR acquisition and prevalence in differing broiler growing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montoro-Dasi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), 12539 Castellón, Spain;
| | - Arantxa Villagra
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12400 Castellón, Spain;
| | - Sandra Sevilla-Navarro
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), 12539 Castellón, Spain;
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Spain;
| | - Maria Teresa Pérez-Gracia
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Spain;
| | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Spain;
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-657-506-085
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17
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Ma F, Xu S, Tang Z, Li Z, Zhang L. Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Al-Rafyai HM, Alwash MS, Al-Khafaji NS. Quinolone resistance (qnrA) gene in isolates of Escherichia coli collected from the Al-Hillah River in Babylon Province, Iraq. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e57819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic environment contamination remains a foremost global public health hazards, and symbolizes a significant reservoir of releasing antibiotic resistant bacteria. The survival of Escherichia coli in aquatic environments serves as a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance, encompassing but not restricted to a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) mechanism. The current study aimed to detect the presence of the PMQR-qnrA gene in quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates. Sixty-one waterborne E. coli with known phylogroups/subgroups isolated from the Al-Hillah River in Babylon Province, Iraq, were screened for the phenotypic resistance to third-generation quinolones (levofloxacin and ofloxacin) and were further analysed for the presence of the qnrA gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifty-seven (93.4%) of 61 E. coli isolates were levofloxacin-resistant, and 55 (90.2%) were ofloxacin-resistant. Among the 57 quinolone-resistant E. coli, 40 (65.57%) isolates were found to carry the PMQR-qnrA gene. Among the 40 qnrA-positive E. coli, 22 (36.1%) isolates were in phylogroup B2, followed by 8 (13.1%) isolates in phylogroup D, 6 (9.8%) isolates in phylogroup B1, and 4 (6.6%) isolates in phylogroup A. The presence of the PMQR-qnrA gene in E. coli belonging to phylogroup B2 and D reflects the need for routine monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Al-Hillah River.
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Longitudinal monitoring of multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli on broiler chicken fattening farms in Shandong, China. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100887. [PMID: 33516478 PMCID: PMC7936140 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics has, in recent years, caused antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli to gradually develop into a worldwide problem. These resistant E. coli could be transmitted to humans through animal products and animal feces in the environment, thereby creating a problem for bacterial treatment for humans and animals and resulting in a public health issue. Monitoring the resistance of E. coli throughout the broiler fattening period is therefore of great significance for both the poultry industry and public health. In this longitudinal study, samples were taken from 6 conventional broiler fattening farms in Shandong Province, China, at 3 different times within 1 fattening period. The overall isolation rate of E. coli was 53.04% (375/707). Antibiotic resistance was very common in the E. coli isolated from these farms, and differed for different antibiotics, with ampicillin having the highest rate (92.86%) and cefoxitin the lowest (10.12%). Multidrug resistance was as high as 91.07%. More importantly, both the resistance rate of E. coli to the different drugs and the detection rate of drug resistance genes increased over time. The mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1) gene was detected in 24.40% of the strains, and these strains often carried other drug resistance genes, such as those conferring aminoglycoside, β-lactamase, tetracycline, and sulfonamide resistance. Antimicrobial resistance and drug resistance genes in E. coli were least common in the early fattening stage. The individual detection rates of sul1, sul3, aacC4, aphA3, and mcr-1 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for the early fattening stage than for the middle and late stages. The rational use of antibiotics, in conjunction with the improvement of the breeding environment during the entire broiler fattening cycle, will be helpful in the development of the poultry industry and the protection of public health.
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Busch G, Kassas B, Palma M, Risius A. Perceptions of antibiotic use in livestock farming in Germany, Italy and the United States. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Manure as a Potential Hotspot for Antibiotic Resistance Dissemination by Horizontal Gene Transfer Events. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030110. [PMID: 32823495 PMCID: PMC7558842 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for animal-derived foods has led to intensive and large-scale livestock production with the consequent formation of large amounts of manure. Livestock manure is widely used in agricultural practices as soil fertilizer worldwide. However, several antibiotic residues, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria are frequently detected in manure and manure-amended soils. This review explores the role of manure in the persistence and dissemination of ARGs in the environment, analyzes the procedures used to decrease antimicrobial resistance in manure and the potential impact of manure application in public health. We highlight that manure shows unique features as a hotspot for antimicrobial gene dissemination by horizontal transfer events: richness in nutrients, a high abundance and diversity of bacteria populations and antibiotic residues that may exert a selective pressure on bacteria and trigger gene mobilization; reduction methodologies are able to reduce the concentrations of some, but not all, antimicrobials and microorganisms. Conjugation events are often seen in the manure environment, even after composting. Antibiotic resistance is considered a growing threat to human, animal and environmental health. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the amount of antimicrobials and the load of antimicrobial resistant bacteria that end up in soil.
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Abd El-Wahab A, Kriewitz JP, Hankel J, Chuppava B, Ratert C, Taube V, Visscher C, Kamphues J. The Effects of Feed Particle Size and Floor Type on the Growth Performance, GIT Development, and Pododermatitis in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081256. [PMID: 32722079 PMCID: PMC7460035 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of feed particle size and flooring designs on organ traits, performance and pododermatitis in broilers. A total of 480 broilers (Ross 308) of both sexes were randomly assigned to two feeding groups (finely or coarsely ground pelleted diets; with addition of 5% to 10% intact wheat in coarsely diets) and four different housing systems (litter; litter with floor heating; partially or fully slatted floor) with three subgroups each. A coarse diet increased the final gizzard and pancreas weights (p < 0.001) while decreasing the risk of Isthmus gastrici dilatation compared to a fine diet (p < 0.001). Broilers fed a coarse diet displayed an increased final body weight (p = 0.023) and led to a favourable feed conversion ratio. Final body weight was the highest (p < 0.001) for birds housed on partially or fully slatted floor. Housing birds on litter with floor heating showed the lowest pododermatitis scoring (p < 0.001). It seems to be favourable to use coarse diets for organ development, whereas slatted floors seem to foster enlargement of the Isthmus gastrici. Increasing growth performance was possible both when using coarse diets or slatted floors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Jan-Philip Kriewitz
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hanover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Julia Hankel
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hanover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hanover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Christine Ratert
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hanover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Venja Taube
- BEST 3 Geflügelernährung GmbH, D-27239 Twistringen, Germany;
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hanover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-856-7508
| | - Josef Kamphues
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hanover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Diffusion in Conventional, Organic and Antibiotic-Free Meat Chickens at Slaughter. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071215. [PMID: 32708915 PMCID: PMC7401526 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Following the spread of antibiotic resistance and the high consumption of chicken meat, conventional poultry-producing companies have turned to antibiotic-free and organic lines of products. Our work investigated E. coli susceptibility to different antimicrobials and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli diffusion from samples collected in slaughterhouse from conventional (C), organic (O) and reared without antibiotics (ABF) chickens. Conventional samples showed the highest number of E. coli strains resistant to ampicillin (89.6%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62.2%), nalidixic acid (57.8%), ciprofloxacin (44.4%), and cefotaxime (43.7%), with prevalent patterns of multi-resistance to three (35.1%) and to four antimicrobials (31.3%). The highest numbers of ESBL E. coli were observed in conventional and the lowest in organic. Our results are relevant with an influence of farming typology regarding the susceptibility of E. coli and the presence of ESBL E. coli. Conventional farms, in which the use of antibiotics is allowed, showed samples with the highest number of strains resistant to antimicrobials commonly used in poultry as well as the highest amounts of ESBL E. coli. Organic samples exhibited the lowest value for ESBL due to a lack of antimicrobial treatment in chickens and the possibility to have access to the outdoors, limiting contact with litter as a potential source of resistant bacteria. Abstract As a result of public health concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance in animal-based food products, conventional poultry companies have turned to ‘raised without antibiotics’ (ABF) and organic farming systems. In this work, we evaluated the influence of rearing systems on antimicrobial susceptibility in E. coli and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESLB) E. coli diffusion in conventional (C), organic (O) and antibiotic free (ABF) chicken samples collected from cloacal swabs and skin samples in slaughterhouse. The E. coli isolates from conventional (135), antibiotic-free (131) and organic (140) samples were submitted to the Kirby–Bauer method and ESBL E. coli were analyzed by the microdilution test. Conventional samples showed the highest number of strains resistant to ampicillin (89.6%; p < 0.01), cefotaxime (43.7%; p < 0.01), nalidixic acid (57.8%; p < 0.01), ciprofloxacin (44.4%; p < 0.001), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62.2%; p < 0.01), with patterns of multi-resistance to three (35.1%) and to four antimicrobials (31.3%), whereas most of the E. coli isolated from antibiotic-free and organic chicken samples revealed a co-resistance pattern (29.2% and 39%, respectively). The highest number of ESBL E. coli was observed in conventional, in both cloacal and skin samples and the lowest in organic (p < 0.001). Our results are consistent with the effect of conventional farming practices on E. coli antimicrobial resistance and ESBL E. coli number, due to the use of antimicrobials and close contact with litter for most of the production cycle.
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