1
|
Tian LL, Li Y, Yang R, Jiang Y, He JJ, Wang H, Chen LQ, Zhu WY, Xue T, Li BB. Low concentrations of tetrabromobisphenol A promote the biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116853. [PMID: 39137468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The effect and underlying mechanism of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a plastic additive, on biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA USA300) remain unknown. This study first investigated the impact of different concentrations of TBBPA on the growth and biofilm formation of USA300. The results indicated that a low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of TBBPA promoted the growth and biofilm formation of USA300, whereas high concentrations (5 mg/L and 10 mg/L) of TBBPA had inhibitory effects. Further exploration revealed that the low concentration of TBBPA enhance biofilm formation by promoting the synthesis of extracellular proteins, release of extracellular DNA (eDNA), and production of staphyloxanthin. RTqPCR analysis demonstrated that the low concentration of TBBPA upregulated genes associated with extracellular protein synthesis (sarA, fnbA, fnbB, aur) and eDNA formation (atlA) and increased the expression of genes involved in staphyloxanthin biosynthesis (crtM), suggesting a potential mechanism for enhanced resistance of USA300 to adverse conditions. These findings shed light on how low concentrations of TBBPA facilitate biofilm formation in USA300 and highlight the indirect impact of plastic additives on pathogenic bacteria in terms of human health. In the future, in-depth studies about effects of plastic additives on pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria should be conducted. CAPSULE: The protein and eDNA contents in biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are increased by low concentrations of TBBPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao He
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Li-Qi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Wen-Ya Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Food Procession Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Bing-Bing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan CH, Zhan YF, Chen H, Herman RA, Xu Y, Khurshid M, Gong LC, You S, Wang J. Coupling of gene regulation and carrier modification manipulates bacterial biofilms as robust living catalysts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130604. [PMID: 38499206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The biofilm of an engineered strain is limited by slow growth and low yield, resulting in an unsatisfactory ability to resist external stress and promote catalytic efficiency. Here, biofilms used as robust living catalysts were manipulated through dual functionalized gene regulation and carrier modification strategies. The results showed that gene overexpression regulates the autoinducer-2 activity, extracellular polymeric substance content and colony behavior of Escherichia coli, and the biofilm yield of csgD overexpressed strains increased by 79.35 % compared to that of the wild type strains (p < 0.05). In addition, the hydrophilicity of polyurethane fibres modified with potassium dichromate increased significantly, and biofilm adhesion increased by 105.80 %. Finally, the isoquercitrin yield in the catalytic reaction of the biofilm reinforced by the csgD overexpression strain and the modified carrier was 247.85 % higher than that of the untreated group. Overall, this study has developed engineered strains biofilm with special functions, providing possibilities for catalytic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hai Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Yu-Fan Zhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Richard A Herman
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Marriam Khurshid
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Lu-Chan Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Shuai You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Intelligent Biomanufacturing, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai X, Chen X, Zhang D, Liu X, Li J. Targeted phytogenic compounds against Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38189321 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
As one of main culprit of seafood-associated human illness, Vibrio parahaemolyticus can readily accumulate on biotic or abiotic surfaces to form biofilms in the seafood processing environment. Biofilm formation on various surfaces can provide a protective barrier for viable bacterial cells that are resistant to most traditional bacteriostatic measures. This underscores the necessity and urgency of developing effective alternative strategies to control V. parahaemolyticus biofilms. Plants have always provided an extensive and infinite source of biologically active compounds for "green" antibiofilm agents. This review summarizes recent developments in promising multitargeted phytogenic compounds against V. parahaemolyticus biofilms. This review provides valuable insights into potential research targets that can be pursued further to identify potent natural antibiofilm agents in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Defu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pavez VB, Pacheco N, Castro-Severyn J, Pardo-Esté C, Álvarez J, Zepeda P, Krüger G, Gallardo K, Melo F, Vernal R, Aranda C, Remonsellez F, Saavedra CP. Characterization of biofilm formation by Exiguobacterium strains in response to arsenic exposure. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0265723. [PMID: 37819075 PMCID: PMC10714750 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02657-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this work, we characterized the composition, structure, and functional potential for biofilm formation of Exiguobacterium strains isolated from the Salar de Huasco in Chile in the presence of arsenic, an abundant metalloid in the Salar that exists in different oxidation states. Our results showed that the Exiguobacterium strains tested exhibit a significant capacity to form biofilms when exposed to arsenic, which would contribute to their resistance to the metalloid. The results highlight the importance of biofilm formation and the presence of specific resistance mechanisms in the ability of microorganisms to survive and thrive under adverse conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina B. Pavez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Castro-Severyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Coral Pardo-Esté
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Microbiología Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Javiera Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Allergic Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Phillippi Zepeda
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Krüger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karem Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua en el Desierto (CEITSAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Laboratorio de Física no Lineal, Departamento de Física, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Aranda
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Avanzada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Francisco Remonsellez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua en el Desierto (CEITSAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudia P. Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sequence Polymorphisms in Vibrio cholerae HapR Affect Biofilm Formation under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0104422. [PMID: 35969071 PMCID: PMC9469714 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01044-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of hapR sequence mutations on the biofilm formation of Vibrio cholerae. In this study, hapR sequences from 85 V. cholerae strains belonging to both pandemic and nonpandemic serogroup were investigated through phylogenetic and sequence analyses. Biofilm formation assays under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were also performed. Sequence variations include single point mutations and insertions/deletions (indels) leading to either truncated or frameshifted HapR. Population structure analysis revealed two major hapR haplogroups, hapR1 and hapR2. Phylogenetic reconstruction displayed a hypothetical ancestral hapR sequence located within the hapR1 haplogroup. Higher numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms and genetic diversity indices were observed in hapR1, while indels occurred dominantly in hapR2. Aerobic conditions supported more robust biofilms compared to anaerobic conditions. Strains with frameshifted HapR produced the largest amount of biofilm under both oxygen conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR assay confirmed that strains with truncated and frameshifted HapR resulted in a nonfunctional regulator as exhibited by the significantly low hapA gene expression. The present study shows that HapR mutations had a strong influence on biofilm formation and that sequence polymorphisms leading to the disruption of DNA-binding sites or dimerization of the HapR will result in more-robust V. cholerae biofilms. IMPORTANCE Our study revealed an ancestral hapR sequence from a phylogenetic reconstruction that displayed the evolutionary lineage of the nonpandemic to the pandemic strains. Here, we established hapR1 and hapR2 as major hapR haplogroups. The association of the O1 and O139 serogroups with the hapR2 haplogroup demonstrated the distinction of hapR2 in causing cholera infection. Moreover, mutations in this regulator that could lead to the disruption of transcription factor-binding sites or dimerization of the HapR can significantly affect the biofilm formation of V. cholerae. These observations on the relationship of the hapR polymorphism and V. cholerae biofilm formation will provide additional considerations for future biofilm studies and insights into the epidemiology of the pathogen that could ultimately help in the surveillance and mitigation of future cholera disease outbreaks.
Collapse
|
6
|
Boron Derivatives Accelerate Biofilm Formation of Recombinant Escherichia coli via Increasing Quorum Sensing System Autoinducer-2 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158059. [PMID: 35897636 PMCID: PMC9332218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron is an essential element for autoinducer-2 (AI-2) synthesis of quorum sensing (QS) system, which affects bacterial collective behavior. As a living biocatalyst, biofilms can stably catalyze the activity of intracellular enzymes. However, it is unclear how boron affects biofilm formation in E. coli, particularly recombinant E. coli with intracellular enzymes. This study screened different boron derivatives to explore their effect on biofilm formation. The stress response of biofilm formation to boron was illuminated by analyzing AI-2 activity, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composition, gene expression levels, etc. Results showed that boron derivatives promote AI-2 activity in QS system. After treatment with H3BO3 (0.6 mM), the AI-2 activity increased by 65.99%, while boron derivatives increased the biomass biofilms in the order H3BO3 > NaBO2 > Na2B4O7 > NaBO3. Moreover, treatment with H3BO3 (0.6 mM) increased biomass by 88.54%. Meanwhile, AI-2 activity had a linear correlation with polysaccharides and protein of EPS at 0−0.6 mM H3BO3 and NaBO2 (R2 > 0.8). Furthermore, H3BO3 upregulated the expression levels of biofilm formation genes, quorum sensing genes, and flagellar movement genes. These findings demonstrated that boron promoted biofilm formation by upregulating the expression levels of biofilm-related genes, improving the QS system AI-2 activity, and increasing EPS secretion in E. coli.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sami Z, Kaouthar M, Nadia C, Hedi BM. Effect of sunlight and salinity on the survival of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in water microcosms. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10689. [PMID: 35112431 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sunlight and salinities (10, 20, 39, and 60 psu) on the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains carrying either (thermostable direct hemolysin) tdh, the (thermostable related hemolysin) trh, and both or none of them were studied in water microcosms stabilized at 20°C using plate count agar and acridine orange direct viable count. All V. parahaemolyticus strains exposed to sunlight rapidly lose their culturability and evolve into a viable but non-culturable state (VBNC). However, the tdh positive strains remain more culturable than the non-virulent or trh positive strain but statically insignificant. At tested salinities, the survival time was higher at 10, 20, and 60 psu compared with that observed in seawater (39 psu). In seawater under dark condition, Vibrio strains remain culturable for up to 200 days with a significant difference between strains (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the non-pathogenic strain survives longer than the virulent ones. At different salinities, a better adaptation is observed at 10 and 20 psu compared with 39 and 60 psu. Resuscitations essays performed on VBNC bacteria in a nutrient broth at 20°C and 37°C does not show any revivification. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Effect of sunlight and salinities on the survival of V. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment. Resuscitation essay performed on viable but no cultivable bacteria. Microscope motility examines show that all strains exposed to sunlight remain motile after the loss of cultivability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaafrane Sami
- National Institute of Sciences and Seawater Technologies Salammbô, Salammbo, Tunisia
| | - Maatouk Kaouthar
- National Institute of Sciences and Seawater Technologies Salammbô, Salammbo, Tunisia
| | - Cherif Nadia
- National Institute of Sciences and Seawater Technologies Salammbô, Salammbo, Tunisia
| | - Ben Mansour Hedi
- Unité de Recherche Analyses et Procédés Appliqués à l'Environnement-ISSAT, Mahdia, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Faleye OS, Sathiyamoorthi E, Lee JH, Lee J. Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in Vibrio Species. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122176. [PMID: 34959457 PMCID: PMC8708114 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is considered one of the most relevant pathogenic marine bacteria with a range of virulence factors to establish food-related gastrointestinal infections in humans. Cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) and some of its derivatives have antimicrobial and antivirulence activities against several bacterial pathogens. This study examined the inhibitory effects of CNMA and its derivatives on biofilm formation and the virulence factors in Vibrio species, particularly V. parahaemolyticus. CNMA and ten of its derivatives were initially screened against V. parahaemolyticus biofilm formation, and their effects on the production of virulence factors and gene expression were studied. Among the CNMA derivatives tested, 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde, 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde, and 4-bromocinnamaldehyde displayed antibacterial and antivirulence activities, while the backbone CNMA had weak effects. The derivatives could prevent the adhesion of V. parahaemolyticus to surfaces by the dose-dependent inhibition of cell surface hydrophobicity, fimbriae production, and flagella-mediated swimming and swarming phenotypes. They also decreased the protease secretion required for virulence and indole production, which could act as an important signal molecule. The expression of QS and biofilm-related genes (aphA, cpsA, luxS, and opaR), virulence genes (fliA, tdh, and vopS), and membrane integrity genes (fadL, and nusA) were downregulated in V. parahaemolyticus by these three CNMA analogs. Interestingly, they eliminated V. parahaemolyticus and reduced the background flora from the squid surface. In addition, they exhibited similar antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Vibrio harveyi. This study identified CNMA derivatives as potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents to treat biofilm-mediated Vibrio infections and for surface disinfection in food processing facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-53-810-3812 (J.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2533 (J.L.); Fax: +82-53-810-4631 (J.-H.L. & J.L.)
| | - Jintae Lee
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-53-810-3812 (J.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2533 (J.L.); Fax: +82-53-810-4631 (J.-H.L. & J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abel N, Rotabakk BT, Lerfall J. Mild processing of seafood-A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:340-370. [PMID: 34913247 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have shown a tremendous increase in consumer demands for healthy, natural, high-quality convenience foods, especially within the fish and seafood sector. Traditional processing technologies such as drying or extensive heating can cause deterioration of nutrients and sensory quality uncompilable with these demands. This has led to development of many novel processing technologies, which include several mild technologies. The present review highlights the potential of mild thermal, and nonthermal physical, and chemical technologies, either used alone or in combination, to obtain safe seafood products with good shelf life and preference among consumers. Moreover, applications and limitations are discussed to provide a clear view of the potential for future development and applications. Some of the reviewed technologies, or combinations thereof, have shown great potential for non-seafood products, yet data are missing for fish and seafood in general. The present paper visualizes these knowledge gaps and the potential for new technology developments in the seafood sector. Among identified gaps, the combination of mild heating (e.g., sous vide or microwave) with more novel technologies such as pulsed electric field, pulsed light, soluble gas stabilization, cold plasma, or Ohmic heat must be highlighted. However, before industrial applications are available, more research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Abel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Jørgen Lerfall
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pazhani GP, Chowdhury G, Ramamurthy T. Adaptations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Stress During Environmental Survival, Host Colonization, and Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:737299. [PMID: 34690978 PMCID: PMC8530187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is an aquatic Gram-negative bacterium that may infect humans and cause gastroenteritis and wound infections. The first pandemic of Vp associated infection was caused by the serovar O3:K6 and epidemics caused by the other serovars are increasingly reported. The two major virulence factors, thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and/or TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), are associated with hemolysis and cytotoxicity. Vp strains lacking tdh and/or trh are avirulent and able to colonize in the human gut and cause infection using other unknown factors. This pathogen is well adapted to survive in the environment and human host using several genetic mechanisms. The presence of prophages in Vp contributes to the emergence of pathogenic strains from the marine environment. Vp has two putative type-III and type-VI secretion systems (T3SS and T6SS, respectively) located on both the chromosomes. T3SS play a crucial role during the infection process by causing cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity. T6SS contribute to adhesion, virulence associated with interbacterial competition in the gut milieu. Due to differential expression, type III secretion system 2 (encoded on chromosome-2, T3SS2) and other genes are activated and transcribed by interaction with bile salts within the host. Chromosome-1 encoded T6SS1 has been predominantly identified in clinical isolates. Acquisition of genomic islands by horizontal gene transfer provides enhanced tolerance of Vp toward several antibiotics and heavy metals. Vp consists of evolutionarily conserved targets of GTPases and kinases. Expression of these genes is responsible for the survival of Vp in the host and biochemical changes during its survival. Advanced genomic analysis has revealed that various genes are encoded in Vp pathogenicity island that control and expression of virulence in the host. In the environment, the biofilm gene expression has been positively correlated to tolerance toward aerobic, anaerobic, and micro-aerobic conditions. The genetic similarity analysis of toxin/antitoxin systems of Escherichia coli with VP genome has shown a function that could induce a viable non-culturable state by preventing cell division. A better interpretation of the Vp virulence and other mechanisms that support its environmental fitness are important for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and spread of infections. This review identifies some of the common regulatory pathways of Vp in response to different stresses that influence its survival, gut colonization and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gururaja Perumal Pazhani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | | |
Collapse
|